FACTORS INFLUENCING ON INFORMAL PAYMENTS IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

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JAHANGIRI REZA; ARYANKHESAL AIDIN

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Journal: Medical Ethics Year:2017 | Volume:11 | Issue:40 Page(s): 73-92

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Title

FACTORS INFLUENCING ON INFORMAL PAYMENTS IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Author(s)

JAHANGIRI REZA | ARYANKHESAL AIDIN | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

INFORMAL PAYMENTSQ2

ILLEGAL PAYMENTSQ2

HEALTH CARE SYSTEMQ2

EQUITYQ3

SYSTEMATIC REVIEWQ2

Abstract

Background and Aim: Owing to high prevalence of INFORMAL PAYMENTS through many health systems and nations, this SYSTEMATIC REVIEW aimed at identifying the nature, types and causes of INFORMAL PAYMENTS.Materials and Methods: In this SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, the keywords of "unofficial payments" or "illegal payments" or "under-the table payment" or "bribe" and "health system" in the Iranian databases of SID, IranMedex, Magiran and international databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and HMIC were searched between years of 2000 to 2016. The data were analyzed based on the emerging themes, narratively.Ethical Considerations: Integrity and trustworthiness in selecting of articles, reporting of findings and referencing were considered.Findings: Thirty-three full papers were selected for study and analysis. Studies described different characteristics for INFORMAL PAYMENTS, so there was no uniform definition for this phenomenon. The causes of INFORMAL PAYMENTS were categorized into three groups: payers wish to receive higher quality services, better access or in order to saving time; Second, from the caregivers’ perspective was low wages and tariffs, and irregular deductions from insurance companies; Finally, the health system's weaknesses include insufficiency of insurance coverage, inadequate monitoring of tariffs and the lack control over charges and lack of human resources in some cases.Conclusion: Catastrophic costs, inequality of access to services and health outcomes are the main consequences of INFORMAL PAYMENTS. Revisions in the payment systems along with the redefinition of charges, reinforcement of insurance systems, informing patients about their rights and improving control over the reduction of INFORMAL PAYMENTS are recommended.

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APA: Copy

JAHANGIRI, REZA, & ARYANKHESAL, AIDIN. (2017). FACTORS INFLUENCING ON INFORMAL PAYMENTS IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. MEDICAL ETHICS, 11(40), 73-92. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/195716/en

Vancouver: Copy

JAHANGIRI REZA, ARYANKHESAL AIDIN. FACTORS INFLUENCING ON INFORMAL PAYMENTS IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. MEDICAL ETHICS[Internet]. 2017;11(40):73-92. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/195716/en

IEEE: Copy

REZA JAHANGIRI, and AIDIN ARYANKHESAL, “FACTORS INFLUENCING ON INFORMAL PAYMENTS IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW,” MEDICAL ETHICS, vol. 11, no. 40, pp. 73–92, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/195716/en

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