ETIOLOGIES OF ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASES IN IRAN

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ZALI MOHAMMAD REZA; MOEZ ARDALAN K.; PARCHAM AZAD K.; NIK-KHOLGH B.

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Paper Information

Journal: JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES (JRMS) Year:2003 | Volume:7 | Issue:4 Page(s): 346-356

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Information Journal Paper

Title

ETIOLOGIES OF ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASES IN IRAN

Author(s)

ZALI MOHAMMAD REZA | MOEZ ARDALAN K. | PARCHAM AZAD K. | NIK-KHOLGH B. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

ACUTE DIARRHEA - FOODBORNE DISEASE (FBD) - EPIDEMIOLOGY - ETIOLOGYQ3

Abstract

Introduction: Diarrheal diseases are among the most common causes of death in the world, with a greater medical and economical burden in developing countries. In spite of the lack of accurate investigations in developing countries, the problem of diarrheal diseases in these regions is much bigger than it seems.Methods: We reviewed 108 studies about the epidemiology of acute diarrhea pathogens among which 45 were from Iran and compared the findings with other studies from different parts of the world.Results: The pattern of major diarrhea pathogens in our country seems to be different form that of many developed countries. Escherichia coli (E. coli) species have been the most frequently isolated pathogen in Iran, followed by Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter; while in developed countries, Campylobacter has been more prevalent. Among E.coli species, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) has been reported as the most common species. Salmonella has been the next frequent bacterial pathogen, with S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, and S. typhi being the most common species. Shigella has been positive up to 71.35 percent in bloody diarrhea. Among Shigella species, S. flexneri, S. sonnei, S. boydii, and S. dysenteriea have been reported in a decreasing order of frequency. Yersiniosis has been found infrequently in Iran, where pork is never used. A few studies that have investigated viral agents in diarrhea samples, propose that rotaviruses have been positive in about 17 percent of cases, particularly in children between six months and two years. The frequency of Giardia lamblia infection has been detected in three of the studies in acute diarrhea and has been about 3.5 percent. The studies that investigated antimicrobial resistance of diarrhea pathogens have shown that EPEC has been resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfomethoxazole, and tetracycline; Salmonella to penicillin, erythromycin, ampicillin, colistin, tetracycline, and streptomycin; Shigella to penicillin, colistin, rifampin, and ampicillin.Discussion: Most studies indicate that the frequency of diarrhea decreases as the age increases. We recommend that multiple cross-sectional studies has to be done in different parts of Iran in order to identify the incidence of diarrheal pathogens in the country and the foundation of a specialized center capable of controling diarrhea outbreaks in Iran is of utmost importance.

Cites

FREQUENCY OF ACUTE ROTA-VIRAL DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS IN GORGAN, IN 2006

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APA: Copy

ZALI, MOHAMMAD REZA, MOEZ ARDALAN, K., PARCHAM AZAD, K., & NIK-KHOLGH, B.. (2003). ETIOLOGIES OF ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASES IN IRAN. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES (JRMS), 7(4), 346-356. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/26667/en

Vancouver: Copy

ZALI MOHAMMAD REZA, MOEZ ARDALAN K., PARCHAM AZAD K., NIK-KHOLGH B.. ETIOLOGIES OF ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASES IN IRAN. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES (JRMS)[Internet]. 2003;7(4):346-356. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/26667/en

IEEE: Copy

MOHAMMAD REZA ZALI, K. MOEZ ARDALAN, K. PARCHAM AZAD, and B. NIK-KHOLGH, “ETIOLOGIES OF ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASES IN IRAN,” JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES (JRMS), vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 346–356, 2003, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/26667/en

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