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Information Journal Paper

Title

Management of Typhoid Fever and Bacterial Meningitis by Chloramphenicol in Infants and Children

Pages

  6783-6808

Abstract

 Chloramphenicol inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria and is usually bacteriostatic, but is bactericidal against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitis. Chloramphenicol penetrates all body tissues well. The cerebrospinal fluid concentration averages 60% of the serum level, while brain levels are 9 times higher because of high lipid solubility of this drug. Chloramphenicol acts primarily by binding reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit. This antibiotic is the drug of choice for the treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers and bacterial meningitis. Chloramphenicol possesses a broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Strains are considered sensitive if they are inhibited by Chloramphenicol concentrations of ≤ 8 μ g/ml. Neisseria gonorrhea, Brucella species, Bordetella pertussis, gram-positive cocci, Clostridium species, and gram-negative rods including Bacteroides fragilis are inhibited by Chloramphenicol. Most anaerobic bacteria including Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Rickettsiae, Vibrio cholera, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are inhibited by this antibiotic. The doses of Chloramphenicol are 40. 5 mg/kg/day for neonates and 75. 5 mg/kg/day for older Children. The therapeutic concentrations of Chloramphenicol are 10-25 μ g/ml. Peak therapeutic concentrations are obtained in 60% and therapeutic trough concentrations are found in 42% of Children. Children affected by typhoid fever are cu red by Chloramphenicol and the sensitivity to this antibiotic is 100%. Acute bacterial meningitis is the most dangerous infections disease in Children. The causative organisms are gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and Chloramphenicol is effective in killing these microorganisms. The aim of this study was to review the management of typhoid fever and bacterial meningitis in Infants and Children by Chloramphenicol.

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    APA: Copy

    PACIFICI, GIAN MARIA. (2018). Management of Typhoid Fever and Bacterial Meningitis by Chloramphenicol in Infants and Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS, 6(1 (49)), 6783-6808. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/337714/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    PACIFICI GIAN MARIA. Management of Typhoid Fever and Bacterial Meningitis by Chloramphenicol in Infants and Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS[Internet]. 2018;6(1 (49)):6783-6808. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/337714/en

    IEEE: Copy

    GIAN MARIA PACIFICI, “Management of Typhoid Fever and Bacterial Meningitis by Chloramphenicol in Infants and Children,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS, vol. 6, no. 1 (49), pp. 6783–6808, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/337714/en

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