Measurement Technologies of Thyrotropin-Receptor Antibodies from the Past until Present

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Pakizehkar S.; HOSSEINZADEH S.; HEDAYATI M.

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Journal: Iranian Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism Year:2020 | Volume:22 | Issue:1 Page(s): 30-40

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Title

Measurement Technologies of Thyrotropin-Receptor Antibodies from the Past until Present

Author(s)

Pakizehkar S. | HOSSEINZADEH S. | HEDAYATI M. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

TSH Receptor AntibodiesQ1

AutoantibodiesQ1

ThyroidQ3

Autoimmune DiseaseQ1

Graves’DiseaseQ2

Abstract

Introduction: Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) Autoantibodies are the main cause of Graves' disease and its Thyroid manifestations, such as ophthalmopathy and dermopathy. These antibodies, commonly known as TSH Receptor Antibodies (TRAbs), are functionally different. TRAbs are a set of Autoantibodies, including Thyroid-stimulating Autoantibodies (TSAbs), Thyroid stimulating-blocking antibodies (TBAbs), and neutral antibodies. The measurement of TRAbs is clinically important, and various commercial tests with high sensitivity and specificity are available for diagnostic purposes. If the diagnostic purpose of TRAb assays is the non-functional evaluation of Autoantibodies, competitive binding immunoassays are used. These methods are based on the ability of TRAbs to compete and prevent ligand binding (TSH or anti-TSHR monoclonal antibodies) to the receptor. TSAbs and TBAbs appear to have overlapping epitopes of TSH-binding sites, which prevent them from being differentiated by competitive TRAb assays. On the other hand, if the diagnostic purpose is to evaluate the antibody function and differentiate between TSAbs and TBAbs, cell-based bioassays are used. These methods are based on the use of living cells to evaluate the function of Autoantibodies and distinguish TSAbs and TBAbs, depending on the increase or decrease of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Since TSAbs and TBAbs play different pathogenic roles and are associated with different treatment protocols in patients with Thyroid Autoimmune Diseases, differentiation of TSAbs and TBAbs is of great clinical importance, depending on the antibodies. Therefore, in this review, different generations of competitive binding immunoassays and cell-based bioassays were discussed.

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APA: Copy

Pakizehkar, S., HOSSEINZADEH, S., & HEDAYATI, M.. (2020). Measurement Technologies of Thyrotropin-Receptor Antibodies from the Past until Present. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (IJEM), 22(1 ), 30-40. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/365744/en

Vancouver: Copy

Pakizehkar S., HOSSEINZADEH S., HEDAYATI M.. Measurement Technologies of Thyrotropin-Receptor Antibodies from the Past until Present. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (IJEM)[Internet]. 2020;22(1 ):30-40. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/365744/en

IEEE: Copy

S. Pakizehkar, S. HOSSEINZADEH, and M. HEDAYATI, “Measurement Technologies of Thyrotropin-Receptor Antibodies from the Past until Present,” IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (IJEM), vol. 22, no. 1 , pp. 30–40, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/365744/en

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