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Information Journal Paper

Title

Iraq, Religions, tribes and ethnicities, political and security challenges

Pages

  5-24

Abstract

 After the defeat of the Ottoman government in World War I, Iraq was created with its current borders and since then, Iraq has always faced political and Security Challenges due to its ethnic and tribal structure and the extension of these Tribes beyond its political borders; To the extent that even during the authoritarian Ba’ athist regime, especially Saddam Hussein, despite violent repressions, these challenges persisted. And after Saddam’ s invasion of Kuwait and Operation Desert Storm and 9/11, and the US invasion of Iraq and the ouster of Saddam Hussein’ s government, these problems were not only not resolved, but also became more complicated with the divisive intervention of the Americans and the tribal system was formalized in the constitution. From the beginning of the occupation, the country has always been the scene of political, security and military challenges and government inefficiencies and formal structures derived from tribal participation system challenged national unity, economy, and public services and had long-term consequences, such as government corruption and growing public discontent. The present article seeks to provide simple solutions to overcome these challenges with the aim of trying to identify and explain the causes, factors, roots and consequences of the tribal system in Iraq. The method of the present research is documentary and is exploratory and descriptive with a qualitative approach and the analysis of researchers’ field experiences over a long period of time is another source for the richness of the article. According to researchers, the main challenges in this field are as follows: the formation of the country based on the Tribes from the beginning of its formation after the First World War, the lack of national identity, the extension of Tribes beyond political borders, occupation, aggression and foreign interference, insecurity and presence violent extremist groups, weak and inefficient government and corruption Suggestions for overcoming these challenges include focusing on optimizing the Iraqi government, economic transformation, the efficiency of security forces, mediating between Baghdad and the Kurdistan Region, overcoming sectarianism and integrating identities into national identities, as well as decisive legislation to prosecute seditionists.

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    • Cite

    APA: Copy

    Ahmadi Moghaddam, Esmaeil, & Abbas Alvandavi, Ali Jomeh. (2020). Iraq, Religions, tribes and ethnicities, political and security challenges. NAJA STRATEGIC STUDIES JOURNAL, 5(17 ), 5-24. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/387991/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    Ahmadi Moghaddam Esmaeil, Abbas Alvandavi Ali Jomeh. Iraq, Religions, tribes and ethnicities, political and security challenges. NAJA STRATEGIC STUDIES JOURNAL[Internet]. 2020;5(17 ):5-24. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/387991/en

    IEEE: Copy

    Esmaeil Ahmadi Moghaddam, and Ali Jomeh Abbas Alvandavi, “Iraq, Religions, tribes and ethnicities, political and security challenges,” NAJA STRATEGIC STUDIES JOURNAL, vol. 5, no. 17 , pp. 5–24, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/387991/en

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