THE FREQUENCY OF DRUGS AND SUBSTANCES USE IN OPIATE DEPENDENENTS

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KHALKHALI S.M.R.; NAJAFI K.; NAZIFI F.

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Paper Information

Journal: Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences Year:2006 | Volume:15 | Issue:57 Page(s): 40-47

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Information Journal Paper

Title

THE FREQUENCY OF DRUGS AND SUBSTANCES USE IN OPIATE DEPENDENENTS

Author(s)

KHALKHALI S.M.R. | NAJAFI K. | NAZIFI F. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

DRUGQ3

NARCOTICSQ3

OPIATE-RELATEDQ4

ISORDERSQ3

SUBSTANCE - RELATED DISORDERSQ3

Abstract

Introduction: Some of the opiate dependents use other DRUGs and substances that confront them with more economic social and medical problems and poor therapeutic outcome.Objective: This study was performed to identify the frequency of DRUGs and other substances used in opiate dependents referring to the clinic of welfare organization in Rasht. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study, 96 patients admitted to the clinic from January 2002, in a 4 months period, were studied by clinical interview. The screening methods were not used. They were questioned about their time and type of substances (Opiate, Cannabis, Alcohol) or DRUGs (Codeine, Benzodiazepins, Barbiturats, Dextrometorphan,) used, withdrawal symptoms, pattern of obtaining DRUGs or substances and history of lapses and relapses. DSM IV criteria’s for dependency or abuse were used. Results: From 96 patients studied 93 were male and 3 female, 31/3% unemployed, 81% lived in urban area, 44% with academic education lower than elementary, and 64% married. 12.5% had at least one year abstience, 30.2% without complete detoxification, 38.5% at least one month abstience and 21.4% two times and 9.4% three times of at least one month abstience. Opium in 63.5%, Heroin in 30.2% and Codein in 3.1% of subjects were the main opiates used. The most frequency of co morbidity was seen between opiates and benzodiazepins and between opiates and Alcohol 21.8% of patients had multi substance dependency, 26% had co morbidity of opiate dependency and DRUG dependency, and 16.6% had co morbidity of multi substance dependency and DRUG dependency The most common way of obtaining DRUGs were by prescription and pharmacy without prescription.Conclusion: The frequency of DRUGs and substances use and significant co morbidity between opiate dependency and dependency to other substances or DRUGs despite different geographical, cultural and economic backgrounds were similar to other countries. Greater emphasis on organizing DRUG policy, physicians’ education and treatment of comorbide conditions and evaluation of the effects of these interventions on DRUGs and substance use patterns is recommended.

Cites

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF DEATHS RELATED TO OPIATE ABUSE IN KHORASAN LEGAL MEDICINE CENTER FROM MARCH 20, 2004 TO MARCH 20, 2006

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APA: Copy

KHALKHALI, S.M.R., NAJAFI, K., & NAZIFI, F.. (2006). THE FREQUENCY OF DRUGS AND SUBSTANCES USE IN OPIATE DEPENDENENTS . JOURNAL OF GUILAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 15(57), 40-47. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/40334/en

Vancouver: Copy

KHALKHALI S.M.R., NAJAFI K., NAZIFI F.. THE FREQUENCY OF DRUGS AND SUBSTANCES USE IN OPIATE DEPENDENENTS . JOURNAL OF GUILAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES[Internet]. 2006;15(57):40-47. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/40334/en

IEEE: Copy

S.M.R. KHALKHALI, K. NAJAFI, and F. NAZIFI, “THE FREQUENCY OF DRUGS AND SUBSTANCES USE IN OPIATE DEPENDENENTS ,” JOURNAL OF GUILAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, vol. 15, no. 57, pp. 40–47, 2006, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/40334/en

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