SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, evidence from a literature review: review article

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Mardi Parham; Shojaeian Sorour; Taherzadeh Ghahfarokhi Nooshin; Molaverdi Ghazaleh; AMIRI ROUDY MAEDEH; Salahshour Ali; BAKHTIYARI MAHMOOD; Mozhgani Sayed Hamidreza

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Journal: TEHRAN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL (TUMJ) Year:2021 | Volume:78 | Issue:11 Page(s): 712-25

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Title

SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, evidence from a literature review: review article

Author(s)

Keywords

coronavirus

covid-19

severe acute respiratory syndrome

virology

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 emerging from Wuhan, China is a member of the Coronaviridae family, which has so far infected and killed many people. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected various aspects of life in Iran and Worldwide, and governments have imposed quarantines and travel bans on an unprecedented scale. The virus causes covid-19, which can spread through close contact with the infected person, contaminated equipment, and suspended air droplets. The most common symptoms of the disease include fever, cough, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal symptoms, and diarrhea. In severe cases, the lung infection can occur, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome that leads to ICU admission and even death. Besides, this infection can cause gastrointestinal, neurological, and renal impairments. Not merely, this new coronavirus has infected many more people worldwide in comparison to MERS and SARS, but also it has killed more people. Patients with underlying diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, respiratory problems, kidney disease, heart disease and Immunodeficiency are at higher risk of infection and potential death. Also, the risk of death and complication increases in older adults, while most of the infected children are asymptomatic. Some infected people may have mild or no symptoms but can still transmit the disease and spread it to others. To diagnose covid-19, serology tests, and level of ESR, CRP and other acute-phase reactants are helpful, whereas molecular tests, such as RT-PCR tests, that detect the virus’ s genetic material are still the golden standard. Also, CT scan detects lung involvement; Ground-glass opacification, especially in lower lobes and subpleural region, is the most common CT characteristic, although it is not specific for covid-19. Because the disease is difficult to diagnose, hard to prevent and challenging to treat, it has become a major concern for many countries. This review aims to gather existing information in the fields of virology, molecular pathogenesis, disease symptoms, epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, and the spread of the disease. This study also provides evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies for health policymakers, doctors, nurses, and practitioners in the field of public health, including researchers and students.

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APA: Copy

Mardi, Parham, Shojaeian, Sorour, Taherzadeh Ghahfarokhi, Nooshin, Molaverdi, Ghazaleh, AMIRI ROUDY, MAEDEH, Salahshour, Ali, BAKHTIYARI, MAHMOOD, & Mozhgani, Sayed Hamidreza. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, evidence from a literature review: review article. TEHRAN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL (TUMJ), 78(11 ), 712-25. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/672883/en

Vancouver: Copy

Mardi Parham, Shojaeian Sorour, Taherzadeh Ghahfarokhi Nooshin, Molaverdi Ghazaleh, AMIRI ROUDY MAEDEH, Salahshour Ali, BAKHTIYARI MAHMOOD, Mozhgani Sayed Hamidreza. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, evidence from a literature review: review article. TEHRAN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL (TUMJ)[Internet]. 2021;78(11 ):712-25. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/672883/en

IEEE: Copy

Parham Mardi, Sorour Shojaeian, Nooshin Taherzadeh Ghahfarokhi, Ghazaleh Molaverdi, MAEDEH AMIRI ROUDY, Ali Salahshour, MAHMOOD BAKHTIYARI, and Sayed Hamidreza Mozhgani, “SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, evidence from a literature review: review article,” TEHRAN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL (TUMJ), vol. 78, no. 11 , pp. 712–25, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/672883/en

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