The Reasons for Higher Mortality Rate in Opium Addicted Patients with COVID-19: A Narrative Review

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DOLATI SOMARIN Amirhossein; ABD NIKFARJAM BAHAREH

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Iranian Journal of Public Health Year:2021 | Volume:50 | Issue:3 Page(s): 470-479

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Information Journal Paper

Title

The Reasons for Higher Mortality Rate in Opium Addicted Patients with COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Author(s)

DOLATI SOMARIN Amirhossein | ABD NIKFARJAM BAHAREH | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Opium

Cytokine storm

COVID-19

IFNs

Abstract

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused COVID-19 has devel-oped into an unexampled worldwide pandemic. The most important cause of death in patients with COVID-19 is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Opium is widely used for its analgesic features in control of acute and chronic pain related to different diseases. Opium consumption is increased over the last three decades and leads to adverse effects on the respiratory system; Opium also affects the lungs' functions and respiration. The contemplative issue is the higher mortality rate due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Opium addicts’ patients. Studies have shown that despite the decrease in proinflammatory cytokines production in Opium addicts, there are at least 4 reasons for this increase in mortality rate: downregulation of IFNs expression, development of pulmonary edema, increase thrombotic factors, increase the expression of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Therefore, identifying the causes of mortality and approved therapies for the treatment of COVID-19 patients who use Opium for any reason is an important unmet need to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection-related mortality. This review study demonstrated the effects of Opium on immune responses and the reasons for the higher mortality rate in Opium addicts’ patients with COVID-19.

Cites

Investigating the Role of ACE2 Receptors in the Rate of COVID-19 Infectivity in Smokers and Opioid Abusers: A Review

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APA: Copy

DOLATI SOMARIN, Amirhossein, & ABD NIKFARJAM, BAHAREH. (2021). The Reasons for Higher Mortality Rate in Opium Addicted Patients with COVID-19: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 50(3), 470-479. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/683595/en

Vancouver: Copy

DOLATI SOMARIN Amirhossein, ABD NIKFARJAM BAHAREH. The Reasons for Higher Mortality Rate in Opium Addicted Patients with COVID-19: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH[Internet]. 2021;50(3):470-479. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/683595/en

IEEE: Copy

Amirhossein DOLATI SOMARIN, and BAHAREH ABD NIKFARJAM, “The Reasons for Higher Mortality Rate in Opium Addicted Patients with COVID-19: A Narrative Review,” IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 470–479, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/683595/en

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