Income and Mental Well-Being of Middle-Aged and Older Americans: Immigrants’ Diminished Returns

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ASSARI SHERVIN

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Journal Paper

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Journal: International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 Page(s): 37-43

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Title

Income and Mental Well-Being of Middle-Aged and Older Americans: Immigrants’ Diminished Returns

Author(s)

ASSARI SHERVIN | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Population Groups

Immigrants

Socioeconomic Status

Income

Elderly

Psychological Factors

Abstract

Introduction: Although Income is among the major social determinants of mental health of middle-aged and older individuals, socially marginalized groups gain less health from their Income and other Socioeconomic Status (SES) resources compared to socially privileged groups. This pattern is called marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs). Most of the existing knowledge on MDRs, however, has been derived from studies that have defined marginalization based on race, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. As a result, very limited information exists on whether similar MDRs can be observed for middle-aged and older Immigrants or not. Building on the MDRs framework, this study compared a national sample of Immigrants and non-Immigrants for the effects of Income on the mental well-being of middle-aged and older adults in the United States. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) enrolled 14 149 middle-aged and older individuals who were either Immigrants (n=1977; 14. 0%) or non-Immigrants (n=12 166; 86. 0%). The independent variable (IV) was Income that was treated as a continuous variable. The dependent variable was mental well-being, also treated as a continuous variable. Age, gender, race, ethnicity, education, marital status, employment, self-rated health, obesity, and region were confounders. Immigration (nativity status) was the moderator. Logistic regression was applied for data analysis. Results: High Income was associated with higher odds of good mental well-being in middle-aged and older adults. However, immigration showed a significant statistical interaction with Income, which was suggestive of a smaller protective effect of high Income on mental well-being for immigrant than non-immigrant middle-aged and older adults. Conclusion: In line with MDRs, the association between Income and mental well-being is weaker for immigrant than non-immigrant middle-aged and older adults. There is a need to help high Income Immigrants secure health outcomes similar to those of non-Immigrants. Such changes may require bold and innovative economic, public, and social policies that help Immigrants more effectively translate their Income and socioeconomic resources into tangible outcomes such as mental well-being.

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APA: Copy

ASSARI, SHERVIN. (2020). Income and Mental Well-Being of Middle-Aged and Older Americans: Immigrants’ Diminished Returns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE AND GLOBAL HEALTH, 8(1), 37-43. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/771637/en

Vancouver: Copy

ASSARI SHERVIN. Income and Mental Well-Being of Middle-Aged and Older Americans: Immigrants’ Diminished Returns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE AND GLOBAL HEALTH[Internet]. 2020;8(1):37-43. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/771637/en

IEEE: Copy

SHERVIN ASSARI, “Income and Mental Well-Being of Middle-Aged and Older Americans: Immigrants’ Diminished Returns,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE AND GLOBAL HEALTH, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 37–43, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/771637/en

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