French title: Le Rô le et la Manifestation de l'Arché type de l'Anima dans les Poè mes d'Ahmad Shamlou (English title: The Role and Manifestation of the Anima Archetype in Ahmad Shamlou's Poems)

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ABDESHAHI Fatemeh; Mohseni Mohammadreza

Title

French title: Le Rô le et la Manifestation de l'Arché type de l'Anima dans les Poè mes d'Ahmad Shamlou (English title: The Role and Manifestation of the Anima Archetype in Ahmad Shamlou's Poems)

Author(s)

ABDESHAHI Fatemeh | Mohseni Mohammadreza | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

French key word:Shamlou

Anima

Archétype

Inconscient

Poésie (English key word:Shamlou

Anima

Archetype

Poetry

Unconscious

Woman)

Abstract

French abstract: La femme et la fé minité en tant qu'incarnation de la fertilité ont toujours joué un rô le dé cisif dans les mythes, les religions et les formes primitives de la vie humaine; cette caté gorie pré sente dans la litté rature persane sous la forme du culte de la dé esse des femmes iraniennes, dont la plus cé lè bre est l’ arché type d’ Anahita. Selon Jung, la repré sentation subconsciente de cet arché type est due à la manifestation de l'Anima. Anima est en fait l'aspect fé minin de subconscient d'un homme qui provient de l'Inconscient collectif. Cette recherche se donne pour tâ che de familiariser le lecteur avec la thé orie des arché types de Jung, en particulier l'arché type de l’ Anima dans les poè mes de Shamlou. Donc, nous analyserons d’ abord la totalité des thé ories de Jung sur la fé minité et les arché types, puis nous examinerons la fonction de l'Anima dans les poè mes de Shamlou. En considé rant des conditions sociales, culturelles, la personnalité et la vie du poè te, la question que se pose cette é tude est de savoir comment et dans quelle mesure l’ arché type de l’ Anima est utilisé dans les poè mes de Shamlou et quelles sont les diffé rentes formes de l’ arché type de la fé minité et ses aspects positifs et né gatifs dans ses poè mes. English abstract: Woman and femininity as the embodiment of fertility have always played a decisive role in myths, religions and primitive forms of human life; this category appears in Persian literature in the form of the cult of the Iranian female goddess, the most famous of which is the archetype of Anahita. According to Jung, the subconscious representation of this archetype is due to the manifestation of the Anima. Anima is actually the feminine aspect of a man's subconscious that originates from the collective unconscious. The task of this research is to familiarize the reader with Jung's theory of archetypes, in particular the archetype of the Anima in Shamlou's poems. So, we will first analyze all of Jung's theories on femininity and archetypes, and then we will examine the function of the Anima in Shamlou's poems. Considering the social, cultural personality and life of the poet, the question posed by this study is how and to what extent the Anima archetype is used in Shamlou's poems and what are the different forms of the archetype of femininity and its positive and negative aspects in his poems. Carl Gustave Jung, Swiss psychiatrist and psychologist defined a special division for the human psyche: the “ conscious part” and the “ unconscious part” . In the human conscious psyche everything is examined and measured, but the conscious part relates to the deep and hidden layers of the mind. The subconscious part is stable, but the conscious part is weak; therefore, the root of all behavior must be studied in the subconscious. Jung believes that the subconscious mind is made up of two parts, individual and collective. The collective subconscious contains wonderful themes and symbols called the primordial form or example. It should be added that the unconscious includes repressed and inaccessible aspirations that the mind attracts to this deep part, either because it does not consider them as desirable or does not feel the need for them. The projection and reflection of these failed desires are the main roots of artistic, literary and poetic creation. In the collective unconscious, there are the patterns (eternal of the human soul, the images and symbols called archetypes and which form the different aspects of psychic energy). The concept of "archetype" occupies a central place in Jung's research. One of the most important archetypes Jung has studied is that of the Anima. Poets and writers use their mental and imaginative forms to create works of art, which are rooted in their Anima and reach the conscious layers in their minds, introducing the link between psychology, art and literature. Ahmad Shamlou (1925-2000) was known as "Alé f. Bamdad" and played a leading role in the evolution of Persian poetry versus modern poetry. He is a poet of love and of society. He was born in 1925 (1304), in Tehran. He had a very difficult childhood. Shamlou has a private, disorganized and disturbed life. He married three times. The first with Ashraf Islamié h, the second with Toussi Hâ é ri and the last one with Aï da Sarkisian who played a very important role in Shamlou's success. The reflection of the love and the influence of the Anima in Shamlou’ s poems are visible and his attentiveness is beautiful in his life with Aï da. In the collection of poems L’ Air Frais, Shamlou's life with Tusi Haeri can be examined. Well, these poems about love have a degree of maturity; for example, De la blessure du coeur de cher Amâ n is a poem in which the presence of love is bold, even in the memory of a martyr of the Turkmen people, but the main purpose of the poet is to describe the love and fascination of a girl from the plain. This poem can be a direct influence of the poem on the sensitive expression of the poet. In Shamlou's first poems, the woman is full of her classic images. In fact, because he had two unsuccessful marriages, the pursuit of the aspiration to find an aide in the form of a woman or to paint the imaginary image of a woman like any of his last loves. The traces of Anima in L'Air Frais can be seen in the poems of Gol Kou, Roxana and the winds, which are a clear symbol of the picture of the ethereal woman of the poet's soul. According to Shamlou, Roxana, with the background of the concept of light and enlightenment, was the name of an imaginary woman who illuminated her path with the power of love. This imaginary woman became real twelve years later in Aï da dans le miroir. In the poems of the collection L'Air Frais, the poet is always desperately looking for his lost Anima, and in his poems there is no place for anyone or anything, and he is looking for a love. In his first poems, Shamlou painted the imaginary face of a woman who resembles his lover's face. A lover, superior to all women, burns the passionate lover in the heat of self-fulfillment and remains unreachable. He first called this imaginary woman Anahita, then Roxana. His imaginary Roxana is the embodiment of light, hope and enlightenment, a woman Shamlou has always dreamed of in his poems, but the gap between them remains empty and eternal. His role in the life of a lover is not that of a companion and actor in a scene of mutual love. This imaginary woman is not a symbol of love for the poet, but a savior. It is the destination of love, in a place far from all ills and difficulties. Shamlou's Anima is for him the source of love, affection and peace, the image that Shamlou presents in this poem is the same image of his mother and her pure love and her soothing lullaby; Shamlou writes in a poem titled L’ Air Frais. Examining Shamlou's approach to the Anima archetype shows the impact of biological and psychological experiences in his life. Undoubtedly, the environment, individual characteristics and social conditions play an important role in the use of this archetype. In fact, the poet used folk models and myths and was able to manifest various Anima effects in his poems. The innate image of the woman in the poet's subconscious is formed from all the impressions provided by the woman throughout his life; moreover, the feminine aspect of Shamlou's soul is transmitted to him from his childhood by his mother. So the archetype of the Anima in his poem is reflected in the form of an exemplary mother who is represented by themes related to the elements of nature such as earth, water or through images related to motherhood or fertility. Shamlou's pleasant and positive experience and remembrance of his mother led him to make more use of the positive aspects of Anima in his poems.

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APA: Copy

ABDESHAHI, Fatemeh, & Mohseni, Mohammadreza. (2021). French title: Le Rô le et la Manifestation de l'Arché type de l'Anima dans les Poè mes d'Ahmad Shamlou (English title: The Role and Manifestation of the Anima Archetype in Ahmad Shamlou's Poems). RECHERCHES EN LANGUE ET LITTERATURE FRANCAISES, 15(27 ), 1-14. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/953101/en

Vancouver: Copy

ABDESHAHI Fatemeh, Mohseni Mohammadreza. French title: Le Rô le et la Manifestation de l'Arché type de l'Anima dans les Poè mes d'Ahmad Shamlou (English title: The Role and Manifestation of the Anima Archetype in Ahmad Shamlou's Poems). RECHERCHES EN LANGUE ET LITTERATURE FRANCAISES[Internet]. 2021;15(27 ):1-14. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/953101/en

IEEE: Copy

Fatemeh ABDESHAHI, and Mohammadreza Mohseni, “French title: Le Rô le et la Manifestation de l'Arché type de l'Anima dans les Poè mes d'Ahmad Shamlou (English title: The Role and Manifestation of the Anima Archetype in Ahmad Shamlou's Poems),” RECHERCHES EN LANGUE ET LITTERATURE FRANCAISES, vol. 15, no. 27 , pp. 1–14, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/953101/en

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Scientific Information Database

ISSN: 2588-4824

Journal Paper

French title: Le Rô le et la Manifestation de l'Arché type de l'Anima dans les Poè mes d'Ahmad Shamlou (English title: The Role and Manifestation of the Anima Archetype in Ahmad Shamlou's Poems)