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Information Journal Paper

Title

Analyzing the Sustainability Level Based on Ecological-Anthropogenic Balance in the Toutli Watersheds

Pages

  9-30

Abstract

 One of the main challenges in the 21st century is to promote the development of human society while protecting natural ecosystems resilience. The key to achieving this goal is to establish a sustainability balance between the ecological and human sectors, which cannot be achieved without comprehensive and adequate assessments of sustainability. In this study, the sustainability of Toutli Watershed, north of North Khorasan Province, was investigated using the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) method. Therefore, sustainability in both ecosystem and human wellbeing for the whole watershed and its 12 sub-watersheds (T01-T12) were assessed into five classes of unsustainable, almost unsustainable, medium, almost sustainable, and sustainable with equal scores from zero to 100. In the ecosystem sustainability sector, four criteria, eight indicators, and 20 variables, and in the human wellbeing sector two criteria, seven indicators, and 19 variables were selected based on the geographical, demographic, and hydro geomorphological conditions. The results confirmed the heterogeneity of the intragroup distribution of sustainability indicators in each watershed. Furthermore, the sustainability level in the ecosystem and human wellbeing sectors in Toutli Watershed was assessed as a medium with the scores of 50 and 45, respectively. Also, the whole watershed sustainability was evaluated in the medium class with a 47. 5 score. In terms of spatial variation of total sustainability index, it was found that sub-watersheds T06 (southeast) and T10 (southwest) in an almost sustainable class, sub-watersheds T03 (northwest), T05 (northwest), T08 (east, northeast and Southeast), T09 (south) and T11 (west) in the medium sustainability boundary, sub-watersheds T01 (northwest), T02 (northwest), T04 (northwest) and T12 (west, southwest, and center) in the medium sustainability class, and only the T07 sub-watershed (north) is in an almost sustainable class. Totally, 56. 80, 41. 59, and 1. 61% of the total Tutli Watershed are located in almost unsustainable, medium, and almost sustainable classes, respectively.

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    APA: Copy

    Heirany, Amir Reza, BEHZADFAR, MORTEZA, & HAZBAVI, ZEINAB. (2021). Analyzing the Sustainability Level Based on Ecological-Anthropogenic Balance in the Toutli Watersheds. GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, 11(40 ), 9-30. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/953749/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    Heirany Amir Reza, BEHZADFAR MORTEZA, HAZBAVI ZEINAB. Analyzing the Sustainability Level Based on Ecological-Anthropogenic Balance in the Toutli Watersheds. GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY[Internet]. 2021;11(40 ):9-30. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/953749/en

    IEEE: Copy

    Amir Reza Heirany, MORTEZA BEHZADFAR, and ZEINAB HAZBAVI, “Analyzing the Sustainability Level Based on Ecological-Anthropogenic Balance in the Toutli Watersheds,” GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, vol. 11, no. 40 , pp. 9–30, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/953749/en

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