One of the most challenging and difficult aspects of translation is related to the translation of idioms by both machine systems and human translators. The problem arises from the recognition of the idioms on the one hand and translating them on the other hand. idiom recognition is not easy since an idiom may change its form based on the context in which it is used. Using systematic idiom collections and special rules to recognize idioms, the problem can be solved to a great extent. Moreover, the inclusion of a morphological as well as syntactic parser can greatly enhance the idiom recognition and translation process. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we want to test Google Translate to see how well it is capable of translating idioms and next to provide means to improve the quality of translation of idioms by Google Translate.

Plant biodiversity in central Zagros region is important from different aspects and has been in the research spotlight. In this study, flora of Mt. Sheet located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, between Shahrekord and Saman cities, with 1.100 hectares and 2110 to 2660 meter elevation above sea level, is investigated. Results showed that the vegetation of this area consists of 204 species, 143 genera and 35 families. Asteraceae (31 species, 15.1 %), Brassicaceae (30 species, 14.7 %), Poaceae (19 species, 9.3 %) and Fabaceae (18 species, 8.8 %) were the most important families regarding the number of species. The largest genera were Astragalus (13 species), Euphorbia (8 species), Centraurea (7 species) and Scorzonera and Salvia (5 species each). Determination of Raunkiaer life-forms showed that 51 % of the species (104 species) were Hemicryptophytes, 28 % (57 species) were Therophytes, 15 % (30 species) were Cryptophytes, 5 % (11 species) were Chamaephytes and 1 % (2 species) Phanerophytes. 150 species (74 %) belonged to Irano-Turanian region, 19 species (9 %) to EuroSiberian-Mediterranean-IranoTuranian regions, 17 species (8 %) to EuroSiberian-IranoTuranian regions, and 17 species (8 %) to Mediterranean-IranoTuranian regions. According to available literature, 30 species were located in low risk class and one species as vulnerable. Conservation status of 173 species was reported as “Data Deficit” (class DD). Comparative evaluation of this flora and other 16 floras in this region showed the presence of 17 unreported species from this region, and the multivariate analyses of presence/absence data determined the relative position of this flora among other floras in this region and further divided the floras into two clusters. Our results showed also the application of multivariate analyses in floristic studies.

The main objective of this study was to investigate whether searching firm's ticker symbol and name in Google can predict its future stock market activities. In so doing, the data related to firms' ticker symbol and firms' name were collected using Google Trend and stock market activity was measured using four proxies, namely abnormal return, return volatility, stock trading volume and stock trading count. In order to meet the main objective of the study, multiple regression and panel regression were used over13082 firmmonth observation during the years between 2005 and 2018. The results showed that the future market activity, including return volatility, stock trading volume and stock trading count, increased with searching the firms' ticker and name in Google. However, there was no significant relationship between the future abnormal return and Google searches. Findings also showed that future market activity can be predicted using Google searches. In addition, there was a more significant relationship between the searched firms' ticker symbol than the searched firms' name and future market activity.

The memetic mapping is a method to identify memes and categorize them in the form of a multilevel model. Meme is a reproducible cultural element and has been adapted from the concept of gene in the evolutionary biology. The purpose of this study was to describe the current culture of Google using memetic mapping. To this end, the printed and online texts published about Google were coded for memes. This way, 134 memes were extracted and reduced to 40 Memecules (a higher unit comprised of several related memes). Memecules were placed into 6 levels of organizational culture, namely fundamental assumptions, values, norms, artifacts, work procedures, and human resources procedures. Then, in order to understand the formation of Google’ s culture in the course of history, cultural genealogy method was applied. In this approach, the father of each meme (the culture from which the meme is adopted) is identified, and then the children are connected to their parents with an arrow. The outcome is a cultural genealogy model in shape of a family tree graph. In this study, 85 Greek and Indian cultures with impacts on the emergence of Google’ s culture were recognized and analyzed. This study successfully operationalized the meme concept and employed it in an empirical research. Memetic mapping is a powerful tool available for managers, consultants, and organizational researchers to explore the cultural phenomenon and to change it. Memetic engineering is capable of diagnosing and correcting a defective meme in a human community.

The aim off this research was to investigate user's query expansion in Google search Engine based on the "Cognitive Load Theory" and the extent and types of cognitive loads resulted from suggested keywords/queries presented in Google search engine. In this article, data were collected from 60 postgraduate students in Humanities/Social Sciences and Basic and Applied Sciences - at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Non- probability sampling - especially purposive sampling- was used as the sampling method. Also, individual sessions were administered with each of the students. Findings show that suggested keywords/queries and the retrieved pages do not make any significant problem (or negative cognitive load) for users. Also, there is no significant difference between students of the two fields of study regarding cognitive load in the query expansion process in Google. Approximately most of the suggested keywords/queries and the retrieved pages matched with users' needs and had direct relationship with their initial keywords. On the whole, the suggested keywords and queries have taken an appropriate approach regading more relevant results in this search engine.