An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), naphthaleneacetamide (NAD) and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on quantity and quality of 'Shahani' date. Twenty four l5-year-old 'Shahani' date palms were selected for the experiment in a commercial orchard in Jahrom, Fars province. Fruit bunches on the selected trees were treated with NAA (0, 40, 60 mg 1-1), NAD (0, 80, 120 mg 1-1) and 2,4-D (0, 10, 20 mg 1-1). NAD at 80, 120 mg 1-1 significantly increased weight, length, diameter and pulp weight of fruit during khalal and tamer stages NAA at 40 and 60 mg 1-1 and 2,4-D at 10 and 20 mg r' also increased length and diameter of fruits at khalal and tamer stages, but NAA was more effective than 2,4-D in improving fruit characteristics. In general, NAA, NAD and 2,4-D delayed fruit ripening up to 17 d and reduced total soluble solids (TSS) particularly at higher concentrations

Citrus production in Iran exceeds 3.5 million tons per year. Any reduction in fruit losses will be of great interest to citrus growers. An experiment was conducted using naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at the concentrations of 0, 300, 400 and 500 mg l1 and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at the concentrations of 0, 10, 30 and 60 mg l1  on Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) to evaluate their effects on peel firmness, fruit preharvest drop and relative frequency of different sizes of fruits. The results indicated that all concentrations of 2,4-D and 400 mg l-1 NAA increased peel firmness. Preharvest drop was significantly reduced with 400 mg l-1 NAA. In all treatments of NAA and 2,4-D. the number of very small or unmarketable fruits was significantly reduced.

Introduction: Size of fruit in Japanese plum has an important role in marketability and fruit quality. In Golestan province, one of the most important areas of plum production in Iran, due to high temperatures in summer that led to unfavorable conditions in fruit ripening stage, final fruit size are reduced in commercial scale. In this respect, the large financial loss is imposed to plum growers. Today, synthetic AUXINS are widely applied in the commercial gardens of the world in order to increasing fruit size and improving fruit growth. AUXINS can promotes cell division, cell enlargement in fruit growth stages and it also acts as sink for nutrients absorption. In this study, the effects of the foliar application of two synthetic AUXINS were investigated on fruit qualitative and quantitative of Japanese plums in Golestan province climatic conditions. Material and Methods: A split-plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in a commercial orchard from Run Agri Company in Golestan province, Iran for two years (2015 and 2016). The main factor was considered four plum cultivars including ‘ Ghatreh Tala’ , ‘ Shablon Zodras’ , ‘ Shablon Mianras’ and ‘ Shablon Dirras’ which were spraying by two synthetic AUXINS: NAA (0, 300 and 400 mg/l) and 2, 4-D (0, 10 and 30 mg/l) along and in combination. Fruit length, diameter, length to diameter ratio and fruit weight, yield, yield efficiency and percentage of first and second fruit grade production characteristics were evaluated. Data analysis was performed by SAS 9. 1 software and the comparison of mean values was done by Duncan's multiple range tests at 0. 05 of probability level. Results and Discussion: The results showed that foliar application of auxin significantly increased fruit size and weight. The results showed that the response of plum cultivars to synthetic AUXINS was different. Fruit length and width of ‘ Shablon Dirras’ cultivar were increased with the 2, 4-D application at 10 and 30 mg/l, but in the ‘ Shablon Mianras’ cultivar, the combination of 2, 4-D with NAA improved fruit size. NAA at its highest concentration (400 mg/l) plus 2, 4-D at its highest concentration (30 mg/l) produced the largest fruits and the highest yield in ‘ Shablon Mianras’ cultivar. Stern et al. (16) also obtained similar results from NAA and 2, 4-D treatments in plum, which is confirmed our results. The yield (kg/tree) and yield efficiency in plum cultivars increased significantly by synthetic auxin treatments. The average of yield (kg/tree) by 2, 4-D and NAA foliar application increased 30, 60, 28 and 34 percent in ‘ Shablon Zodras’ , ‘ Shablon Mianras’ , ‘ Shablon Dirras’ and ‘ GhatrehTala’ cultivars, respectively. The highest yield efficiency was obtained in ‘ Shablon Mianras’ cultivar (0. 38 kg/cm2) in 30 mg/L of 2, 4-D plus 400mg/L of NAA, which showed a 120 % increasing in comparison to control trees. Denis (7) reported increases the quantitative characteristics of stone fruits such as fruit size and weight by using synthetic auxin spray. The effect of auxin on increase cell proliferation and cell size are main reason for increasing the length and weight of the fruits (7). The results showed that 2, 4-D and NAA AUXINS were able to increase the percentage of first grade fruit relative in all plum cultivars in comparison to the control trees, but the concentrations and composition of plant growth regulators that increased the percentage of first grad fruits were not completely same to best treatments on fruit size, weight or yield. It referred to the first-grade fruits selection criteria. In selecting of best marketable fruits, in addition to the size of the fruit, others feature such as fruit appearance, color, physical damage and the absence of symptoms of diseases are also taken into grading. Temperature, water, nutritional and genetic conditions can affect the effect of plant growth regulator treatments (13). Conclusions: Plum cultivars showed different reactions to synthetic auxin treatments. The largest fruit, highest yield and yield efficiency obtained in 2, 4-D (30 mg/l ) with NAA (400 mg/l) in ‘ Shablon Mianras’ , ‘ Shablon Dirras’ and ‘ Ghatreh Tala’ cultivars and 2, 4-D at 30 mg/l with NAA at 300 mg/l concentration in ‘ Shablon Dirras’ and ‘ Ghatreh Tala’ Cultivars. The highest degree of first grad-fruit was observed at 10 mg/l 2, 4-D in ‘ Shablon Zodras’ and ‘ Dirrras’ cultivars and 300 mg/l of NAA in ‘ Shabolon Mianras’ and ‘ Ghatreh Tala’ cultivars.

AUXINS have been used by many propagators to increase the rooting in carnation cuttings. However, so far the effects of AUXINS on flowering of treated cuttings are not reported. This research was conducted in a commercial carnation greenhouse in Shahriar located in Tehran province from 1997 to 1998. The cuttings for this research were prepared from two cultivars of carnations, namely 'Giamaica' a standard carnation and 'Boriel' a miniature carnation. After selection of suitable mother plants, 8-10 cm lateral shoots formed at nodes were cut for preparing cuttings. In this research, two AUXINS, indolebutyric acid (IBA) at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg 1-1 and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at concentrations of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg 1-1and also the combinations of all concentrations of these two AUXINS were used. The cuttings were treated with auxin solutions for 10 min and immediately transferred to rooting medium. The rooting medium consisted of a mixture of equal proportion of sand and the ash of rice waste. This mixture is extensively used in the commercial greenhouses for carnation production. Treatment was evaluated in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement with three replications. Means were compared using Duncan's new multiple range test (DNMRT). Each replication consisted of 4 cuttings of which 2 cuttings were used for rooting and 2 cuttings for flowering data. The results showed that the used rooting medium was very suitable for rooting of the carnation cuttings. The different levels of two AUXINS and their combinations had no significant effect on rooting percentage at 5% level of probability when compared to control. While the number of roots were severely affected by auxin treatments. The highest number of roots was obtained at 50 mg 1-1 NAA and 100 mg 1-1 IBA (21.77 and 22.23 roots per plant, respectively). The best effect of different levels of AUXINS on root length was obtained at 100 mg 1-1 NAA (7.49 cm) and 100 mg 1-1 IBA (7.28 cm). Application of NAA and IBA increased dry and fresh weight of roots. The highest fresh weight was obtained at 50 mg 1-1 NAA (0.189 g) and 200 mg 1-1 IBA (0.184 g) and the differences were significant at 5% level of probability when compared to control. The highest root dry weights were obtained at 50 mg 1-1 NAA (0.028 g) and 200 mg 1-1 IBA (0.028 g). Treating carnation cuttings with IBA and NAA had a considerable effect on days to flowering, flower number, plant height and cut flower weight. IBA at 200 mg 1-1 decreased the days to flowering to 195.7 days compared to control which were 208.3 days and also was significant at 5% level of probability. Auxin treatments also affected flower number and the highest number of flower (17.3) was obtained at 200 mg 1-1 which was significantly different from control. Furthermore, the highest plant height (74.90 cm) was observed at 200 mg1-1 IBA which was significant compared to control at 5% level of probability. The highest flower weight was obtained at 100 mg 1-1 NAA and 200 mg 1-1IBA (34.98 and 36.79 g, respectively) and significantly differed at 5% level of probability compared to control. However, the effect of cultivars on some characters such as rooting percent, rooting length, dry and fresh weights of roots were not significant, but some other characters such as root number, days to flowering, flower number, plant height, flower diameter and the weight of cut flowers were affected by cultivar.

Chlorella are used as medicine, aquatic foods and biofilter. For this reason increases of its biomass and some of metabolites have economic value. The aim of this research was study of stimulating effect of some phytohormones on biomass and important metabolites contents of Chlorella sorokiniana. In this study C. sorokiniana was cultured at modified Bold Basal Medium. Glucose monohydrate (5gl-1) and different proportions of plant hormones naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), benzylaminopurin (BAP), indolebutyric acid (IBA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) were added to medium. Dry weight, pigments and protein contents were measured. At 75% of NAA+BAP treatments, these growth parameters increased. At treatment with NAA (10mgl-1) +BAP (1mgl-1), these parameters significantly enhanced compared to control. At treatment with IAA (1mgl-1) +BAP (2mgl-1), dry weight and content of chlorophyll a, significantly increased compared to control. At treatment with IBA+BAP, dry weight and metabolites had not significant difference or reduced compared to control. The highest proportion of dry weight, cell numbers and pigments and protein contents were observed at NAA+BAP treatment. Results showed BAP, NAA and IAA had the greatest additive effects on growth traits respectively, but IBA had little effect on these traits.

To evaluate the effects of plant growth regulators on rooting of stem cutting leafy and leafless cutting of bougainvillea, Indolebutyric acid (IBA) and Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and their combinations were applied in the spring. After selection of suitable mother plants, shoots in 0.8-1.2 cm diameter were cut for preparing cuttings. In this research, two AUXINS, IBA and NAA at concentrations of 0, 1000, and 2000 mg1-1 as well as the combinations of concentration of 2000 mg 1-1 of these two AUXINS were used (1000 mg-l IBA and 1000mg-l NAA). The cuttings were treated with auxin solution for 30 seconds and immediately transferred to rooting sand medium in a plastic tunnel. Treatment was evaluated in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement with three replications. Each replication .consisted of 10 cuttings and the means were compared using Duncan's multiple range tests. The results showed that the best rooting of cutting with the high percentage of 90 was obtained for leafy cutting. The highest number of roots was obtained in leafless cuttings (9.23 roots per plant) at 2000 mg 1-1 IBA. The best effect of different levels of AUXINS on root length (5.79 cm) was obtained leafless at 1000 mg 1-1 NAA. The leafless cuttings had the highest root diameter (1.06 mm) at 1000 mg 1-1 NAA. Also, the highest root dry weight (69 mg) was observed at 2000 mg 1-1 IBA for leafless cuttings. Also, it was indicated that the factors like rooting percentage, number of roots and root dry weight in leafy and leafless cuttings were significantly more than the control (P<0.05).  

Two groups of olive cultivars were characterized as showing low (Tokhmkabki) and high (Roghani) rooting percentage after application of IBA treatment. Semi-hard wood cuttings were dipped in H2O2 (0-3.5% w/v) and IBA (4000 mg.l-1) and also they were investigated in combination. H2O2 alone did not stimulate rooting of olive cuttings and there were no significant differences between this treatment and control in both cultivars. It was obvious that IBA treatments increased the rooting percentage, number of root cuttings, root length and root fresh\dry weight in 2 olive cultivars but the combination of IBA and H2O2 in some factors was more effective but there were no significant differences when IBA was used instead of in both cultivars.