The present research has been carried out to identify polymorphism at five blood plasma and erythrocyte proteins in Arab and Caspian minature horse population. Gene frequencies were analyzed at five loci controlling blood proteins; alkaline phosphatase (Alp), catalase (Cat), cell esterase (CEs), hemoglubin (Hb) and pretransferrin (Ptf). In addition, heterozygosity and effective allele numbers within each population have also been determined. Plasma and erythrocyte were electrophoresed for the mentioned proteins, using starch and polyacrylamid gels. Among of five examined loci, only Cat locus showed polymorphism that phenotypes were FF, FS and SS. Allele frequency difference F and S for two populations was too slight. Alp, CEs, Hb and Ptf were fixed at A, 1, 1 and F alleles, respectively. The average heterozygosity and effective allele numbers were calculated 0.1003, 1.1998 and 0.0973, 1.1874 in Caspian minature and Arab populations, respectively. From these data it was concluded that the examined Arab horses are not cross- bred of Iranian Arab and exotic race horse such as Arab, Anglo- Arab and Thoroughbred.

Cesarean section (C/S) is one of the most common surgeries which has been done and selection of the best methods of anesthesia should be taken into consideration. One of the most important difficulties in C/S is intraoperative bleeding. Assessment and control of bleeding - as possible as can decrease mortality and morbidity rates.In this study one of the two methods of anesthesia (general anesthesia and regional anesthesia) has been done randomly in one hundred of patients for whom elective C/S has been performed and the changes of hematocrit - hemoglobin (Hct-Hb) was compared in two groups. Patients with interfering factors such as obesity, preeclampsia, ... (which could increase bleeding) were omitted from this study.There were no demographic data differences between two groups. It was concluded that Hct-Hb content was reduced significantly in patients who had received general anesthesia with halothane (5.71 and 1.71 gr/dl respectively) in comparision to second group (3.71 and 1.30 g/dl) 1 (p<0.05).Although it seems that general anesthesia can increase the amount of bleeding in C/S, any of the patients didn't need tranfusion.Thus in selection of methods of anesthesia in C/S (in addition to their own advantages and disadvantages) we must consider the effect of halogenated agents.

Backgrounds and Purpose: Curren WHO strategies of dally Iron Supplementation In the second half of gestational period have not. Reduced the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women during the last decade, and the reasons could be conceived as women's rejection of iron supplementation due to its side effects. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare daily and twice-weekly iron supplementation regimen and their effects on the pregnancy outcome and maternal hematologic changes.Methods and Materials: The present study is a randomized clinical trial and the study population was the pregnant women admitted to four health centers in Sabzevar, Iran. The sample was 88 pregnant women randomly assigned into two groups (43 daily and 45 twice-weekly).A demographical questionnaire and a study checklist were used for data collection and the obtained data were analyzed using independent Hest, paired Hest, Pearson correlation coefficient and chi-square.Results: The findings revealed that hemoglobin and ferritine changes were similar across the groups. Also, birth weight and gestational age were similar across the two groups and indicated no significant difference.Conclusion: Based on the study findings, the twice-weekly regimen is recommended for iron supplementation because of similar effects, less side effects and its cost-effectiveness in comparison with the daily regimen.

Background: Regarding the relatively high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and paradoxical reports of maternal anemia effects on neonatal indices of anemia, this study has been conducted on patients referring to Booali hospital during the academic year 1998-99, to determine the relationship between maternal anemia and neonatal indices of anemia. Materials and methods: This cohort study was performed on 15 newborns of anemic mothers and another 15 newborns of normal mothers. Anemic mothers were those with HGB<11 g/dl and serum ferritin <15 m/l. Both groups were matched according to the age, number of children, using iron supplement, disease during pregnancy, gestational age, and neonatal weight (>2500). Then serum iron, serum ferritin and HGB level were measured and the correlation between maternal and neonatal indices was determined. Results: HGB level was 10.5±0.38 gr/dl and 13.1±1.17 gr/dl in the case and control group, respectively. It was 15.9 gl/dl in neonates. No significant difference has reported between HGB, serum iron and ferritin of neonates. Meanwhile, no relationship has detected between HGB and ferritin level of mothers and neonates. Conclusion: Maternal anemia has no effect on neonatal anemia indices. The same study on mothers not receiving iron supplement is strongly recommended.

133 Blood units (each untie included 450 ml) were prepared from cow in Urmia slaughterhouse and stored in 4°C for 46 days. During 46 days. During 46 days haematological (Hematocrite “PCV ", hemoglubin “Hb”, free hemoglubin “FHb” red blood cells" RBC” white blood cells" WBC”), biochemical (sodium “Na ", potassium “K”, calcium “Ca” urea, blood pH, total plasma protein “TPP” glucose) and enzymatic examinations (AST, LDH) carried out weekly up to 46 days. All samples were also cultured at first day and 10 days later for bacteriological test and also studied for serological test (card test). Except in 4 cases, batteries did not growth in culture, and serological results were all negative. The results of t-test showed no differences in PCV, RBC and WBC during the 40 days of blood collections, while Hb, FHb, pH, Na, K, Ca, Urea, LDH, AST, TPP and glucose changed significantly (P<0.05) during the 46 days investigation. It is concluded that the stability of the main blood components such as PCV, RBC and WBC were the positive points of this study but changes in blood pH, Na, K and others could probably causes reactions following infusion in sick animals and, therefore, need to infuse these bloods and determine probable effects.

The blood biochemical parameters were investigated in yak (Bos grunniens L) after intravenous admini stration of 5 mg/kg enrofloxacin. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein daily for 5 days after the initiation of drug administration. Heparinized blood samples were collected for determination of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hemoglubin (Hb) estimation and serum was collected for estimation of total protein, albumin, globulin, urea and blood glucose. Results of hematological and blood chemistry profile revealed that enrofloxacin did not change above mentioned parameters significantly. Therefore, the drug might be used safely in the yaks.

Background and Purpose: Women are subject to postpartum depression in the childbearing age which is associated with aerious somplications for the mother infant and the family. Its cause is not known. Many studies have the effect of psychosocial factors in this regard but there is meager information on the biological grounds. Recently anemia has been on the focus as causing depression. This study was conducted to determine the the relationship between anemia and postpartum depression.Methods and Materials: This prospective descripe-anlytical study was conducted on the population of women admitted to the Fatemiyyeh Health Center affiliated to Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Iran in 2006. The study sample included 159 normal (non depressed confirmed by the Beck test) pregnant women who were selected by convenient non-probability methods. With a gestational age of 38-40 weeks they were divided into two groups of anemics and non-anemics by their hemoglubin levels (measured by Cyan Matt). They were homegenized as for the confounders. On the 7th and 28th days after labor their hemoglubin was measred again. On the 28th day they completed the Edinburgh Questionnaire. The relationship between their postpartum depression and anemia was assessed three times. Chi-square t-test Mann Whitney and the relative risk tests were used in SPSS to analyze the obatained data.Results: 14.6% of the non-anemics and 38.6% of the anemics (measured on the 38-40 weeks) were found t obe depressed on the 28th day after delivery and anemia had increased the chances of postpartum depression by 1.8 times 14.8% of the non-anemics and 35.9% of the anemics (measured on the 7th day after labor) were depressed on the 28th day and anemia had increased the chances of postpartum depression by 1.7 times. Also 11.5% of the non-anemics and 46% of the anemics (measured on the 28th day after labor) were depressed after labor. Anemia had increased the chances of postpartum depression by 2.5 times.Conclusion: It seems that anemia in the 38-40 weeks of gestation on the 7th and 28th days after labor can increase the likelihood of postpartum depression.

Background: Reference values are differing according to the dominant variable distribution in different societies. Since our clinical decisions and patients' assessment are based on these reference values, determination of these values is of great importance in our society. Materials and methods: In a 6-year study, blood indices were determined through CBC test performed on under-marriaged population in Isfahan with automatic devices, then, reference values have been calculated according to the standard deviation and centiles, and compared among age and gender subgroups. Results: Excluding patients under 15 years old and inappropriate data recording, 162373cases had entered our study.Women have shown lower level ofhemoglubin, hematocrit, MCV, MCR, MCHC, and RBC count. Hemoglubin has shown descending movement in 15-65 year-old women, however, MCV has increased as age increasing in both groups.Conclusion: RBC count revealed to be higher comparing with previous studies, whereas MCV found to be lower.

Background: Poultry Meat is one of the major sources of human food. The cholesterol level in poultry productions could be monitored by feeding different medicinal plants. The medicinal plants have hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties.Objective: The aim of this study was comparison hypolipidemic effect, hematocrit percentage and hemoglobin concentration in broilers given three commercial herbal extracts and virginiamycin.Methods: A total four hundred and eighty 1-d-old male broiler chicks were assigned to the basal diet (control) and 0.15% (V/V) virginiamycin, 0.1% (V/V) extracts of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), garlic (Allium sativum) and blend of extracts with the same dose were added to water. Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol, hematocrit percentage and hemoglobin concentration were measured after 42 day.Results: Garlic (Allium sativum) significantly reduced the levels of TC, LDL, and TG and significantly increased the level of HDL. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) improved hematocrit percentage and hemoglubin concentration, but not significantly.Conclusion: Herbal extracts could improve blood factors in comparison with the control and antibiotic fed birds.

Background: Nanoparticles are used in various applications due to unique mechanical and physicochemical properties such as their increased surface area to volume ratio and quantum effects. This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanopaticles on hematological and biochemical parameters BALB/c mice.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 28 adult male mice BALB/c, were divided into four groups (one control group and three experimental groups). The mice in the experimental groups orally received Zinc Oxide nanoparticles with doses of 50, 100 and 300 mg/kg for 14 days. The control group received distillated water only. On 15th day, some hematological and biochemical parameters were studied on the blood samples collected.Results: Results showed that Zinc Oxide nanoparticles cause changes in blood cells. In high concentration, nanoparticles increased some of factors such as white blood cells, hemoglubin, MCV and neutrophil and besides decreased amount of RBCs, pLTs, hematocrit, lymphocytes, glucose and kratenin significantly (p<0.05).Conclusion: The findings showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles cause harmful effects due to the considerable variations in hematological and serum parameters in mice in a dose-dependent way.