Papillary Intralymphatic Angioendothelioma (PILA), or Dąbska Tumour, is an exceedingly rare lymphovascular neoplasm of intermediate malignancy, predominantly affecting cutaneous and soft tissue sites. This case report highlights an unusual presentation of PILA in the mesentery of a 38-year-old male, a site not previously documented. He initially underwent a splenectomy for symptomatic splenic hemangioma. His symptoms recurred two years later, presenting with haemoperitoneum and extensive abdominal involvement, including the colon, small bowel mesentery, and diaphragms. An en-bloc extended right hemicolectomy and partial hepatectomy achieved complete resection. Histopathology revealed hobnail endothelial cells and characteristic papillary structures, confirming PILA. Despite its rare visceral occurrence and diagnostic challenges, the patient showed no recurrence at six months post-surgery. This case underscores the importance of histopathological analysis and awareness of atypical presentations. Wider surgical excision remains the cornerstone of treatment, with vigilant follow-up essential for detecting recurrence and guiding future management protocols for this rare entity.

In the present study, Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of protein hydrolysates from viscera of Liza abu by products were investigated. Hydrolysis was performed at three different times (10, 20 and 30 min), using commercial enzyme alcalase and flaverzyme and an enzyme to substrate ratio of 1% meat protein at 50°, C. The results indicated that, Protein recovery and degree of hydrolysis increased with increasing incubation time (P<0. 05) and the protein hydrolysate from alcalase had the highest protein recovery and degree of hydrolysis (P<0. 05). The highest antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and ABTS radical scavenging activity) and the highest antimicrobial activity of protein hydrolyzed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were observed in protein hydrolysates with alcalase after 30 min (P<0. 05). The results revealed that Liza abu by product hydrolysates have high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, which may be useful ingredients in food and formulated diets applications.

Response Surface Method (RSM) was employed for optimizing the temperature, enzyme quantity, and time in order to produce hydrolyzed protein from viscera of beluga Huso hoso. Then, the effects of three independent variables including temperature, time and enzyme quantity were investigated on hydrolization rate as a surface response. Based on the three-dimensional graphs, the optimum condition for temperature, time and enzyme quantity were determined to be 50oC, 120 min and 1%, respectively. The hydrolyzed protein, produced by Alcalase, contained 66% protein and 1.34% lipid. The results of this study revealed that the amount of lipid content dramatically decreased in hydrolyzed protein than in initial row materials.

Background: The radiation effective dose received by the radiologists during procedures such as fluoroscopy or different angiographies are usually evaluated using TL dosimeter. This method is a time-consuming procedure; therefore, radiologists are usually worried and unaware of their exact radiation dose received during each fluoroscopy or angiography. In this study, a new trend for quick estimation of effective dose based on measuring air-absorbed dose of the scattered radiations at body surface of the radiologists has been introduced. Materials and Methods: Scattered radiations of abdominal viscera were simulated by a fluoroscopy unit (Shimatsu, model SF5010MD), and a water phantom (spherical plastic bag 27 cm in diameter filled with water up to 22.5 cm height). Radiation field was 20 × 20 cm on the bed and X-ray tube had 1.5 and 2 mm of Aluminum as an internal and external filtration respectively. A calibrated survey meter model RDS-110 was used to measure the scattered radiation horizontally and vertically around the phantom at different angles and distances, in front and behind of an apron. Results: The scattered dose rate at 1 m from the phantom, during fluoroscopy at 83 kVp and 1.7 mA, was 451 µGy/h. This value reduced to 4.45 µGy/h by passing through lead ribbons of serigraph and to 1.2 µSv/h behind an apron. The scattered dose rate at different angles above the bed was constant and varied by distance from the center of the radiation field. The effective dose received by the radiologist is estimated to be about 174µGy/h, while wearing an apron and staying 50 cm away from the patient during fluoroscopy or angiography of abdominal viscera. Conclusion: The radiologist can estimate his/her effective dose following a fluoroscopy or different angiographies of abdominal viscera, by determining scatter radiation dose at their body surface and applying factor 0.87 for shielding effect of the body. Equivalent organ dose can also be calculated from dose rate in air after applying factor 0.87 for deep organs or 1.1 (the mass energy absorption coefficient ratio of water/tissue to air) for organs near the surface

Proteases are the most important industrial enzymes and widespread in nature. In the present work, sardine waste (viscera) was used to optimize the protease production by newly isolated Streptomyces sp. strain. A comparative study of proteolytic activity was first carried out on a synthetic medium, sardine waste broth (in submerged fermentation), and powder of the same waste (in solid-state fermentation). The enzyme production media were optimized according to statistical methods, while using two plans of experiences. The first corresponded to the Plackett-Burman matrices and the second was the Box-Wilson central composite design. The protease characteristics study showed an optimum temperature of 40°C and an optimum pH of 7, which is a typical characteristic of neutral proteases. The results of protease production optimization showed maximum activity on the following fermentation medium: sardine viscera broth (25%), NaCl (7.99 g/L), and gelatin (9.82 g/L). All these results confirmed the high biotechnological potential of this strain for neutral protease production on sardine viscera, which provides an interesting and promising strategy for large-scale enzyme production on fish waste

In this research, were used from Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis (spore-forming gram positive bacteria) for single cell protein production from tuna fish viscera (Thannus tonggol). Examination was done in two laboratory and fermentor scales. The used fermentor was Continues Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). Influence of several parameters such as pH, temperature, rpm, and fermentation time was evaluated on SCP production process. The result showed that value of SCP was 30- 45 g/l of aliquot substrate. Growth of isolates in 35oC and pH=6.9 were more than 32oC pH=6.5. Time fermentation in lab and fermentor scales was 54h and 21h respectively. Production of SCP in rpm=600 in fermentor scale was more than rpm=300. With complementary examination, can be used from SCP produced from tuna viscera, as probiotic, in fish feed.

Poultry by-products and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) viscera are abundant and underutilized resources that can be used as a unique protein source to make protein hydrolysates. In this study protein hydrolysate were made from these two different sources with Alcalase 2.4L. The functional properties of Fish viscera protein hydrolysate (FPH) compared to poultry by-products protein hydrolysate (PPH) were studied: Solubility, water holding capacity (WHC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), colour, emulsifying and foaming properties. Furthermore, the products were characterized by analyzing their amino acid composition. WHC, emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability and foaming properties and color of the FPH was significantly (P<0.05) higher than PPH, while OAC was not significantly (P > 0.05) different. Methionine and histidine in both protein hydrolysates were the limiting amino acids and FPH had more hydrophobic residue. The differences in the amino acid composition between PPH and FPH may also be responsible for their different behaviours at various pH.