In this study, the effectiveness of these measures in reduction of vehicles speed has been considered, considering the extensive use of speed humps and humps as physical traffic calming measures in Iran, especially in the northern provinces (due to high accesses, interference of social roles and displacement of road, and the significant difference between speed of vehicles and speed limit). This study was carried out to determine the relationship between geometric characteristics of humps and vehicles speed in 90 different areas of roads in eastern part of Mazandaran province. Since the studied sample consisted of all types of humps, including arches and beds and they performed in different functional classes of roads, they were categorized for better examination and Separately, each geometric feature was identified. and the speed of vehicles were determined individually around them. The speed of the vehicle was recorded at a few points before, on the humps and then it was recorded using a speedometer camera, and their dimensions were surveyed accurately by using the Total Station camera. Finally, data was evaluated using linear regression model in SPSS software and has been presented the main factors affecting vehicle speed reduction and models related to speed reduction. Considering the high number of selected humps in the study, the results of this research showed that it is possible to use these models to design and implement humps for passage speed and different specific speeds; in addition, these models could evaluate the effectiveness of the humps in speed reduction, and determine the speed profile at different distances from the humps in a high level of confidence.

Background: Determination of the correct working length is one of the main factors that lead to success in root canal therapy. This laboratory study aimed to compare the accuracy of conventional (F, E-speed) radiography and Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) digital radiography in working length measurement.Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, access cavities were prepared in 40 extracted maxillary central incisors with straight and single canals. Size 15 K-file was introduced into the each canal until it was appeared through the apical foramen. The file was then removed and measured by a digital caliper with precision of 0.01 mm. Actual working length was considered 1 mm less than the measurement showed by the caliper (Gold standard). At the next stage, each tooth together with its related K-file was positioned in a dried skull and then, periapical conventional and digital radiographies were taken with parallel technique. All the radiographs were measured by two radiologists. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-test.Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between conventional and digital radiographies regarding working length measurement (P>0.05). Conventional and digital radiographies demonstrated significantly higher scores of working length measurement compared to the Gold standard (P<0.001).Conclusion: Although CMOS had no significant superiority over conventional radiography, if both techniques are available, using CMOS is recommended due to significant reduction of radiation dose.

Safety is one of necessary infrastructures for constant development. Road safety is very important and have a considerable role in reducing of wastage and injury and fatal accidents effective factors in accidents are road problems technical fault and human factor. According to statistics and expert ideas, 20 percents of accidents happen because of road problem, 10 percents happen because of technical fault and 10 percents occur because of human factor. In recent years, with technology deployment in vehicle design and increasing of standard roads, human factor role being main important factor in accidents occurring unauthorized speed is a main important factor in appearing human errors. This article have been considered to execution resolutions in other countries and speed management for road safety increasing. Speed controlling have a basic role in safty improvement. Investigation show that reducing the maximum speed limit have diminished accident severity and risk of accidents.

In may 1997 a split plot experiment in a completely randomized design with twelve treatments and four replications were conducted in Ahwaz Agricultureal Research Station.Main plots were four irrigation levels consisting irrigation when soil moisture reached 70,60,50,40 percent of field capacity.Sub plots included three levels of potassium fertilizer 0,150,300 (Kg per ha-1) applied as potassium sulfate.Results showed that potassium ion has an important effect on leaf water potential and maintenance of turgor potential in water stress condition.Under severe water stress osmotic potential reached from -0.3 MPa in non application of potassium fertilizer condition to -1.7 MPa in 300kg ha-1 potassium fertilizer.Also, results showed that the potassium fertilizer strongly affected leaf rolling index and relative water content maintenance in water stress condition in sorghum plant. Potassium application (300 kg ha-1) increased leaf rolling index from 39% (with non - application potassium) to 47%.

Background and Objectives: Working length determination is one of the most important factors in successful root canal treatment; therefore, this study was carried out to compare conventional (E- speed) and digital (CMOS) radiographies in determining the working length of the root canals of mandibular molar teeth.Materials and Methods: In this ex-vivo study, 25 permanent mandibular double-root first molar teeth were selected and then access cavities were prepared. In order to determine the real working length of the roots, the number 15K- files were transferred into the canals. After placing each sample in the socket of the teeth, conventional and digital radiographies were performed and the distance between the leveled cusp tip and the file tip were measured in conventional radiography and CMOS images by a caliper with an accuracy of 0.01mm and software, respectively. The data was analyzed using Greenhouse- Geisser, paired t-test and simple linear regression.Results: According to the findings of this study, there was no significant difference between the accuracy of conventional radiography and digital radiography (CMOS) in determining the working length of the root canals of mandibular first molar teeth with less than 250 curve (p>0.05). However, in roots with more than 250 curve, the working length of root canal was higher in the digital radiography (CMOS) compared to the conventional radiography (E-speed) (p=0.001and p=0.004, respectively).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that digital CMOS radiography can be used to measure working length of root canals with mild curvature. However، in teeth with high curvature, it would be better to use conventional radiography to estimate the working length.

Telemedicine has changed the way of health care. It is an indispensable tool in the hands of doctors to accelerate and facilitate the process of data interchange. Wireless networks consist of small nodes with communications capabilities. Development of wireless networks of Telemedicine system is highly demanded since these networks promise a wide range of potential applications. In this paper the researchers have proposed a new protocol based on ODMRP protocol. This protocol focuses on fairness of network and reduction of flooding overhead to increase the network of telemedicine system lifetime. The investigators have also simulated our protocol and compared its functionally to ODMRP protocol. Results showed that our protocol increases the network lifetime and speed.