Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research
Year:2012 | Volume:10 | Issue:1 (SERIAL NUMBER 37)|Papers Count:16

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome contains a large open reading frame coding for a polyprotein that is cleaved into ten proteins. Recently, a new protein, named core+1, has been described to be expressed through a ribosomal frame shift within the capsid-encoding sequence. To address these possibilities, core+1 was produced inE.coli and the purified protein was evaluated for the immunological properties.Material and Methods: The core+1corresponding nucleotide sequence was created by PCR-based induction of a+1 frame shift mutation within the core gene template. The amplicon was cloned into the pET-24a vector and expressed inE.coli host. The expressed protein was purified under denaturing condition and after refolding steps was characterized by SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting. The immunization potential of core+1 with various adjuvant (Freunds (C/IFA), Montanide ISA 206 and IMS 1312, pluronic acid (F127) and imiquimod (IMIQ) was assessed in Balb/c mice. ELISA-based assays were used to analyze the humoral immune responses.Results: The yield of E.coli -derived core+1 was 5 mg/ L of culture media and antigenicity of this protein was confirmed by western blotting. All the core+1/adjuvant formulations significantly developed the anticore+ 1 IgG responses in the immunized mice but C/IFA and ISA206 elicited the highest antibody titers. ISA 206 and IMS 1312 formulation of core+1 induced strong Th1/Th2 responses.Conclusions: Our results indicated that core+1 formulation with various adjuvants may elicit the different immune response profiles (Th1/Th2). Thus core+1 might be a potential component of future HCV vaccine too.

Background: Neisseria Meningitidis is a causative agent of the bacterial meningitis, a life-threatening disease in children and adults. There are several classic methods for the diagnosis of this bacterium but these are time consuming and unreliable. The goal of this present study was to establish a PCR based rapid detection for Neisseria meningitidis.Materials and methods: In this study the target gene was crgA so the specific primers were designed for it. The PCR reaction was set up on the DNA genomic of N meningitidis. To create a positive control, the PCR product was cloned in the pTZ57R/T vector. The presence of crgA gene in the T-vector was confirmed by the digestion and sequencing. The sensitivity of this assay was tested by a serial dilution of the positive control plasmid with starting concentration of 70ng/ml. The test specificity was checked by performing the PCR on the other bacterial genomes.Results: This test amplified a DNA fragment with expected size of 500bp. The results of the digestion and sequencing proved the presence of crgA gene in the T-vector. The result of the sensitivity study showed that 70pg was the lowest concentration of the positive control plasmid during PCR. The specificity results indicated no cross reaction with the genomic DNA of the other bacteria.Conclusions: Results of this study showed a high specificity and sensitivity of PCR method for the rapid and precise detection of N. meningitidis. This assay as an important supplement would be substituted the previous molecular and time consuming phenotypic assays used in our laboratory and work. in contrast of.

Background: One of the main parts of the military exercises is to prepare physically training. There are not any detailed knowledge of the effectiveness of training programs on psychological and fitness indicators of the officer students till now. This study was investigated the influence of the 12-week military’s training on fitness, body mass index, mental health and mood officer students.Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental trial was conducted in this field. Ninety student officers from one of the military universities, Entrance 2010, were selected. Seventy individuals in the experimental group and 20 subjects in control group were recruited. Aerobic performance, agility, muscular endurance and body mass index were measured in the early period (first week), medium term (sixth week) and at the end of the course (twelfth week).. Mental health and temperament scales of the questionnaire were assessed by Goldberg (GHQ-28) questionnaire and Brooms respectively.Results: A course of military selective training was a significant effect on the aerobic performance (the 1600 m run test time), agility performance (time of test 4x9 m run), and muscular endurance performance (test scores of sit up and pull up) on the experimental group (p=0.000). While there was no significant effect into their body mass index, mental health and mood scores.Conclusions: The findings were based on the physical performance indicators in the combination with behavioral and physical indicators as more sensitive to military exercises. And the development offitness indicators and a negative impact on the behavioral indicators of this exercise is beneficial for the officer students.

Background: Research on children during war shows that in comparison to the whole population, these children are the most jeopardized group. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of war circumstances on the anthropometric and biochemical indices of adolescent boys and girls who were born during the war- years.Materials and Methods: In the TLGS, a sub-sample of adolescent, aged between 11 to 18 years old, was selected and divided into two groups. The first adolescent group (war group) were born between 1981 and 1989, and the second adolescent group were born after war years. Height, weight, serum lipids, fast blood sugar (FBS), systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were compared between the two studied groups.Results: The mean weight and height increased at the age of 12, 13, 14 and 17 years old in boys who were born after war. The mean weight of girls in after war group, increased at the age of 11, 13, 14 years old.However, the differences in their height were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased in both groups.Conclusion: Some anthropometric indices like height and weight were increased in the boys who were born after the war, but in the girls, the mean weight in three ages groups were increased. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and some lipid profile decreased in the boys and the girls who were born after war.

Background: Malaria is one of the important communicable diseases in the world and it is recognized as one of the most important disease in south of Iran. This study was conducted to understand the ecology of Malaria in south of Iran, Bandar Abbas, by Geospatial Information System (GIS).Material and Method: Essential parameters for modeling the local Malaria were obtained from formal centers. Afterward, mapping of the related factors were done. AHP analytical procedure was used for weighting parameters ranking and predicting model. So the endangered area mapping were generated.Results: According to the local data and the results of this study, some predicting models could be used for predicting Malaria. Generated maps showed that endangered area and predicted models are presented for more accurate and effective malaria control programs.Conclusion: Prediction of Malaria and mapping endangered area is possible in south of Iran and Malaria early warning system may be established for the local health care system.

Background: Urinary tract infections are the second most common type of body infection. E.coli is the most common cause of urinary tract of infection both sex.Material and methods: For this descriptive study a total 4494 urine samples were examined during one year (2008-2009) in 660 Army Medical Laboratories. The urine cultures and Antibiogram profiles were performed by Kirby- Bauer method according to NCCLS standards. Data analyzed by SPSS software ver.16.Results: A total of 4494 urine samples were analyzed that out of each 456 samples were showed the significance growth. The most frequently detected gram negative bacterium was E.coli in 257 cases (10.1%).The most antibiotic resistance rates of E.coli detected from urine culture were to Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazol and Gentamycine with 80%, 37%, 27.7% frequencies respectively. Furthermore, Norofoloxazin and Nitroforantoin had the highest sensitivity 89.6% and 89% respectively.Conclusion: Present findings demonstrated the significance of resistance E.coli that was detected from urine culture to various group of antibiotic drugs caused by the irregular use of antibiotics.

Background: Curriculum of higher education enjoys the special prominence as transferor of information.Also it provides field for making knowledge and obtaining skills and attitudes. Therefore the quality evaluation of curricula and their updating with regard to standards are considered. Purpose of this research is to develop and standardize the quality evaluation and accreditation indicators for curricula of baccalaureate degree for nursing education.Materials and Methods: This descriptive- study was performed in three stages during 2010 to 2011. In the first and second stages, criterion and indices drafts were prepared based on the existed sources and strained by nursing and curriculum specialists. In the third stage, in order to standardization and determining the weight of elements, criterion and indicators of 93 faculty members of nursing departments were selected through relative random sampling method. Also their viewpoints toward appropriateness of proposed criterion and indicators were obtained.Results: This study was guided to the proposal of 9 elements, 39 criterion and 143 indicators for the quality evaluation and accreditation curricula of baccalaureate degree nursing education.Conclusions: In this study, criterion and indicators compiled for accreditation of curriculum of baccalaureate degree nursing education have several specifications including the observation of international standards of curriculum of baccalaureate degree nursing education, consideration to all curriculum elements, observation of curriculum rules, standardization and determining the weight of elements, criterion, and indicators.

Background & objective: Mechanized hospital software (HIS: Hospital Information System), is a replacing way for manual activities in hospital. This system leads to mechanize hospital activities from admission to patient discharge, effective relation between wards and being more quick & exact extraction of managing& statistical report. Nowadays, use of HIS will help improve level of recognizing problems, improving management, increasing efficiency of hospital managers, improvement in render services, increasing in level of hospital services, specialized medical services & more technical hospital structure.Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive- analytical assessment. In this research all of users & hospital information technicians in IMAM REZA hospital took part in the study. Questioners checklist, library & web research were used together literature review, reliable & valid data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software.Finding: After concluding the row information, from statistical program named SPSS, we analyze them and the conclusion is: - 56% of users were women & 44% were men.- All HIS users are between 25-45 years old.- 44% of HIS users had BA degree & only 6% of them had master degree.- 42% of HIS users are in the range of (0-5) years old and 6% in the range of (16-20) years old had maximum to minimum level of occupational experiments.- Only 8% of users had passed ICDL courses in army association, So efficiency of 8% users had maximum level.Conclusions & Results: This study emphasized on education of HIS users with different methods, make effective relation between HIS users and program technicians, repairing structure of the reporting system, improving the hardware structure & defining the level of special accessibility to software program. Finding express 64% of 52 system users are satisfied with HIS.In assessment of working system users believe that 55% of needed capabilities existed in software and on the other hand deficiency of 45% of necessary capabilities can be considered as a major problem and is being asked to be removed and increased the efficiency. Ultimately results show 70% of users assumed the speed of system is proper and 76% are satisfied with the net connection of HIS and confirmed it. Incidentally 39% of users expressed the back of system is suitable and provides the hospital necessities.

Background: During the laparoscopic surgery, intra abdominal pressure (IAP) will be elevated then the hemodynamic changes could be occurred. This study was conducted to determine whether the pre-treatment with oral clonidine can attenuate the laparoscopic hemodynamic changes.Materials and Methods: Forty patients whom were candidate for elective surgery under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into two equally groups. One group received preoperative oral clonidine peel and the second group received preoperative placebo. Then the collected data was analyzed with Chi- square and T-Student test. Also the repeated measurement analysis of variance tests was performed by by SPSS software ver.13. The results were reported bymean±SD. P lower than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant level.Results: Two groups were similar about the demographic parameters including age, weigh and sex (p>0.05). In the clonidine group hemodynamic changes such as SBP, DBP, HR and ECG abnormalities were lower during anesthesia (P<0.05).Conclusion: Pre-medication with oral clonidine can be attenuated the hemodynamic changes during the laparoscopic surgery such as SBP, DBP and HR. Also decrease in the ECG abnormalities during anesthesia were reported.

Background: Spinal anesthesia is a route for anesthesia. In this route some drugs like Lidocaine, Procaine, Ropivacaine used. For decreasing the side effects and increasing the quality also duration of anesthesia added to the others drugs like Morphine, Sufentanil, Fentanyl and Epinephrine. This study was compared the effect of sufentanil and lidocaine to anesthesia in surgery.Materials and Methods: We selected randomly 90 patients who referred to Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital, Semnan, Iran from 21 June to 20 August 2008. The patients divided into two groups (S and L). The S group received Lidocaine and Sufentanil and L group received Lidocaine alone. We recorded the initiation of spinal anesthesia and its duration. Also the changes in the heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (at zero, 5, 10 and 20 minute after injection) were recorded.Results: There were significant differencesin both studied groups about some variables including; duration of spinal anesthesia (37/7+11/86) (P<0.001), initiation of anesthesia effect (82/7+55/64) (P<0.001), systolic blood pressure (P=0.014) and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.008). But the other variables such as age, sex and heart rate have not any difference in two studied groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: This study shows that adding of Sufentanil to Lidocaine result the increase of spinal anesthesia quality and decrease the homodynamic changes.

Background: The sea similar of other earth environments have very different animals that life in them and any of that living beings have special characters. Notification about these special characters for all divers was necessary. Perform successful operation depend on this important and intelligent awareness.Material & Methods: This study collected based on any books, articles and knowledge be about marin.Findings: Sea animals divided in two major group: poisonous and non poisonous .Poisonous sea animals such as sea snake, stone fish, portuguese Man-O" War, chironex and etc use of their toxins for defence. Sign and symptoms that produced by toxins are vary such erythema, endoration, pain or itching to anaphylactic shock and death. Contamination by toxins occurs on two forms: active and passive. Complete explanation of this suggestion is reachable at this study.Conclusions: With pay attention to importance of poisoning prevention and their harmful complications, be awareness of sea animals characters for divers, swimmers and naval officers were seem necessary.

Background: This paper aims to introduce the importance of infectious diseases among military personnel in the peace time as described for the humanitarian force to be deployed in conflict areas during both war time operations and maneuvers has been developed.Methods: Referring to the texts and numerous articles that were published in this field, their results are summarized.Results: Physical, occupational and environmental conditions of the military and as a new activity that are associated with exposure to multiple incidents including multiple trauma, mental and psychological problems and infectious disease. It is necessary that these three categories of military medicine to be seriously pursued.Conclusion: The literature review indicated that annual military force based on the mission at the beginning of vaccination against polio, hepatitA, tetanus, varicella, DT, menangococ, influansa, MMR, Japanese B encephalitis, yellow fever, smallpox and anthrax. And the year of internal medicine, dental and eye screening and fallow up from the response to vaccination.

Background: Some major orthopedics characteristics and abnormalities of Down syndrome (DS) include hypotonia and limbs abnormalities including the short and wide hands with shortened metacarpus and digits, hypoplasia of middle phalanx of the fifth finger and simian crease.Case Report: We report an 8 year-old male case of DS associated with thumb duplication in presented to our Pediatrics Clinic. He was referred to our clinic for enuresis and encopresis and with left thumb duplication.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case of DS to be reported from Iran associated with thumb duplication.