SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IRANIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Year:2017 | Volume:13 | Issue:2|Papers Count:13

Cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) efficiently protected sperm of some species against cryodamage. On the other hand, vitrification of sperm especially in human opened a new horizon in the field of sperm freezing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of CLC on vitrification of cat sperm. The tom epididymal sperm (n=22 pairs) was extracted from epididymides and subjected to vitrification in TRIS based solution that was incorporated with or without CLC. The warmed sperm was analyzed for motility, viability and morphology. Vitrification significantly (P<0.0001) reduced the sperm motility (%) in CLC- plus (3.6±2.28) and CLC-minus (1.1±2.02) compared to the fresh samples (28.3±1.82). Sperm viability was also significantly decreased the following vitrification either with CLC (80.6±2.44) or without CLC (78.2±2.15) compared to the fresh samples (89.9±1.94; P=0.0011). In spite of the significant impact of vitrification on cat epididymal sperm, it seems that there is an indigenous tolerance to the vitrification procedure and CLC did not have more beneficial effect on it.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of royal jelly in tris extender on motility, viability, morphological abnormalities and membrane integrity of spermatozoa in Arabi rams. For this purpose, the semen of 10 Arabi rams were polled and then examined under 5 treatments including the tris diluent containing the concentrations of zero, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% royal jelly in three times of zero, 24 and 48 hours in a completely randomized design. The results showed a significant difference in motility of spermatozoa among royal jelly treatments and control (P<0.05). At 0.5, 1 and 1.5% of royal jelly, sperm motility was significantly more than the control group (P<0.05). Sperm viability rate was not affected by treatments. The used concentrations of royal jelly have not significantly effect on the amount of morphological abnormalities of Arabic ram spermatozoa in comparison with control group. Between different concentrations of royal jelly treatments and control group, there was not significant difference in the sperm plasma membrane integrity (P>0.05). Concentrations 1 and 1.5% of royal jelly improved the amount of sperm plasma membrane integrity when compared with 0.5 and 2% of royal jelly concentrations (P<0.05). In general, according to this study, it is concluded that the low levels of royal jelly (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) improved the sperm progressive motility during liquid storage in Arabi ram.

Ghrelin is a stimulating peptide for growth hormone in poultry, which is composed of 26 amino acids. With the release of growth hormone, ghrelin stimulates food intake and body weight gain leads to energy balance. This study was performed in order to identify polymorphism in fourth intron and fifth exon in Khuzestan province native chicken's ghrelin gene using the PCR-RFLP method. Therefore, random blood sampling from 100 chickens of native chickens in Khuzestan province breeding and Jihad livestock inputs was performed. DNA extraction from blood samples was performed using the salt method. The quantity and quality of the extracted DNA were determined using gel electrophoresis (1%) and nanodrop. Then, 228 bp fragment of fourth intron and fifth exon region were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, the amplified samples were digested with HaeIII enzyme, and the digestion products of 173 and 55 bp were found. The results showed that in all samples after enzymatic digestion there was only one band form. Therefore, with respect to the similarity of studied genotypes in this study, mutations were not verified. The absent of polymorphism in the studied mass (population) could be due to the environmental conditions and relatively low number of samples.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of Johne's disease in cattle and other ruminants. This disease is considered the most extensive, in terms of incidence, and the most important disease, in terms of economic importance, in the animal husbandry industry. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of disease is extremely important in preventing the spread of disease in the herd. In the present study, the prevalence of Mycobacterium aviumsubsp. paratuberculosis infection in slaughtered cows in Ahvaz slaughterhouse was evaluated and compared using three methods, rectal scraping PCR, acid-fast staining and serum ELISA. In this study, blood and rectal scraping samples were collected from 200 cows. Serum ELISA was performed with a commercial ELISA kit, Ziehl-Neelsen staining was done based on conventional method, and PCR was performed using IS900and hspX specific primers for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Rectal scraping PCR detected 27 of 200 cows (13.5%) infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis, acid-fast staining of the rectal mucosa detected 8 cows (4%), and serum ELISA detected only 6 cows (3%). Comparing the results of these three tests shows moderate agreement between acid-fast staining and rectal scraping PCR tests (kappa score, 0.42), low agreement between ELISA vs. rectal scraping PCR (kappa score, 0.08), and ELISA vs. acid-fast staining (kappa score, 0.11). According to the results of the present study, although the rectal scraping PCR showed better results in rapid diagnosis of the infected cows, but in order to achieve a more precise result for rapid diagnosis of the infected cows and also in epidemiological studies for determining the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis infection, simultaneous conduct of rectal scraping PCR and serum ELISA can be recommended.

The current study was performed to prepare a radiovaccine against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, the causative agent of white spot in fresh water fishes. After irradiation with gamma-ray, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis parasites were coated with calcium phosphate nanoparticles and then effects of prepared vaccine on non-specific immune system in rainbow trout skin mucus were evaluated. After 10 days adaption period, fish with mean weight 30 gram were distributed to 4 groups: Three groups were bath-vaccinated with gamma-irradiated Ichthyophthirius multifiliis coated with nano calcium phosphate, gamma-irradiated Ichthyophthirius multifiliisor nano-calcium phosphate alone. In control group, no additives were used. On day 20, skin mucus from treated fish was analyzed for evaluating the innate immune parameters. Results showed that lysozyme and alkaline phosphatae activities and hemagglutination titer of fish treated with gamma-irradiated Ichthyophthirius multifilis coated with calcium phosphate nanoparticle were higher than other groups. But esterase activity in treatment groups did no change in comparison with the control group. It can be assumed that use of calcium phosphate nanoparticle formulated in gamma-irradiated Ichthyophthirius multifilis trophonts could enhance the innate immunity components in rainbow trout skin mucus. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of this radiovaccine on specific immune responses in rainbow trout.

Aloe verahas many applications in traditional medicine, also it has hypoglycemic effects. In present study, the protective effect of the Aloe vera on the adrenal gland of the diabetic rats were studied. Fifty mature male rats at the age of 2-3 months old and weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 rats each as follow: Group I which served as the control received no treatment, group II which received streptozotocin (IP) at the dose of 65 mg/kg to become diabetic. Rats with blood glucose more than 250 mg/dl were considered as diabetic. Group III diabetic rats which received the Aloe vera gel daily with a dose of 400 mg/kg. Group IV diabetic rats which received insulin (10 units/rat). Group V received only Aloe vera gel daily with dose of 400 mg/kg. On days 15 and 30 after the last Aloe vera gel administration, blood glucose of all groups was measured. Animals were euthanized with ether. Then, adrenal glands were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution. The sections were stained using haematoxylin-eosin (H & E) stain, and histomorphometrical parameters were evaluated. The thickness of fasciculata layer and the size of the spongiocyte were significantly increased in the diabetic rats (P£0.05). The thickness of fasciculate was significantly decreased in diabetic rats which receivedAloe vera and insulin (P£0.05). Aloe vera has beneficial and protective effects on adrenal glands in diabetic rats.

Clinical and subclinical hypocalcemia are two factors of economic losses in herds, and occurs when dairy cows are unable to replace the calcium lost through colostrum and milk secretion. This study was performed to evaluate occurrence of milk fever, subclinical hypocalcemia and calcium related diseases in high yielding dairy cows. In this study, blood samples of 18 primiparous and 18 multiparous cows in transition period in two farms with the same management status were taken. Dairy cows received limited calcium and phosphorus diet, from 21 days prepartum until parturition and lactation diet according to nutritional requirements after parturition. Serum level of calcium, phosphorous and magnesium were measured with routine laboratory methods. Base on cut point of calcium (8.5 mg/kg), subclinical hypocalcemia in primiparous and multiparous cows before parturition was 16.7 and after parturition was 11.1 and 16.7%. The frequency of milk fever, retained fetal membranes, metritis and displaced abomasum of all parturition in 1 year were 1.3, 12.6, 5.9 and 0 percent, respectively. Results show that parity dosn't have significant effect on subclinical hypocalcemia occurrence in cows that consumed limited calcium and phosphorus diet in close up period. Also, regardless of parity limited calcium and phosphorus diet in close up period have a positive effect on prevention of milk fever.

The aim of the present survey was evaluation of the different season's effect (warm and cold) on testosterone serum concentration in native dogs in Ahvaz district. For this purpose, six adult male dogs, clinically healthy and with age 1.5-2 years old were selected. Blood samples were collected during one year, the middle of each month and in the period between hours 8.30 to 11.30 mornings (72 samples). Testosterone concentration was measured using ELISA technique in serum samples. The obtained results were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and Pearson correlation. In this survey, mean±standard error of testosterone serum concentration was detected 4.5±1.8 ng/ml yearly. The minimum and maximum of testosterone concentration were 0.2 and 7.3 ng/ml, respectively. The results showed that the changes of serum testosterone level, were significantly influenced by the sampling month (P<0.0001), so that the lowest levels of testosterone concentration was in May and June (1.7 ng/ml), while the highest level was in January and August (6.7 and 6.8 ng/ml) respectively. The mean testosterone concentration was 4.12±0.25 ng/ml in the warm season and 4.87±0.16 ng/ml in the cold season. The difference was statistically significant between the two seasons (P<0.05).In general, the season variables, have the potential effect on testosterone concentration, that is, the temperature and daylight duration correlated negatively with the testosterone serum concentration (temperature R=- 0.27; P=0.001, daylight duration R=- 0.20; P=0.013), and the humidity level, had a positive significant correlation with testosterone concentration (except August) in the studied dogs (R=0.21; P=0.011). In conclusion, it can be stated that the testosterone concentration is affected by the sampling season.

Argyrosomidae family and the species Argyrosomus hololepidotus due to having high protein levels, are among the most valuable aquatics in the Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and the coasts of Khuzestan. Lymphoid tissues are of the most important tissues in fish which their evaluation is important in health and disease investigation. Unlike mammals, fish lack lymph nodes and also there is not hematopoietic tissue in their bone marrows, so hematopoiesis is done in their spleen and kidney. In this study, 6 Argyrosomus hololepidotus were provided from the Persian Gulf. Tissue samples from the spleen with 5mm thickness were prepared and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Then tissue sections were prepared in 5-6 mm and after H& E staining, the structures of the capsule and parenchyma of spleen were studied histologically.In order to confirm the results and findings of this staining, some other specific stainings such as PAS, Masson trichrome and silver staining were used. Microscopic results showed that tissue structure of spleen parenchyma was consisted of white pulp, red pulp, melano-macrophage centers and ellipsoid capillaries. Much of the red pulp is occupied by sinusoidal capillaries full of erythrocyte, which indicates the spleen in Argyrosomus hololepidotu s serves as a source of blood reservoir.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of green husk of walnut powder on immune responses, by using 200 broilers. Birds were split into five groups and each group into four sub groups which include 10 birds. The levels of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% powder of green husk of walnut were added to diet of each group. Intramuscular injection of 0.1 mL of the 25% SRBC suspension was performed at 8 and 22 d and the titers of IgG and IgM were determined by haemagglutination test at 21, 28, 35 and 42 d. Blood samples were collected to determine the count of red and white blood cells and after that birds were slaughter to evaluate weight of visceral fat and organelles at 42 d. Titer IgM was higher in treated birds with 4% green husk (2.93) than control (2.12) at 21 d (P<0.05). Titer IgG was higher in treated birds with 4 % green husk (5.5), 3% green husk (5.25) and 2% green husk (4.81) than control (3.68) at 42 d (P<0.05). The ratio of hetrophil to lymphocyte and percentage of heterophil were lower in treated birds with 4% green husk (0.55 and 33.23 respectively) than control (P<0.05). Percentage of lymphocytes was higher in treated birds with 4 % green husk (59.96) than control (56.87, P<0.05). The highest percentage relative weight of bursa was observed in treated birds with 2 (0.17), 3 (0.17) and 4% green husk (0.16, P<0.05). The percentage relative weight of thymus was higher in treated birds with 3% green husk (0.59) and 4% green husk (0.54) than control (P<0.05). Therefore, supplementation diet with a green husk of walnut powder improved the function of broiler immune system.

Cruciate ligament rupture is one of the main reasons of lameness in dogs. Standard techniques based on differences in patient selection criteria has not been determined yet and is still in question. The aim of this study is to provide a new technique that uses the strength of the fascia lata, passing it through the regular isometric knee and creating mutual stability. A total of 10 adult male dogs weighing between 14-20 kg of mixed breeds were randomly divided into two control and treatment groups. Under general anesthesia, crutiate ligament was resected in both groups. In control group, MRIT technique was used to stabilize. In treatment group, after the preparation of the roll of the thickest part of the fascia lata and two canals creation in the proximal tibia and distal femur, with cross bar of the fascia lata grafts into canals and suturing to the lateral side of the joint capsule, stabilization of the cruciate ligament tear was done. Following parameters were evaluated in 16 consecutive weeks, drawer movement, lameness, pain, range of motion (ROM), thigh circumference, joint effusion and osteoarthritis in radiographic findings. Scoring to drawer movements and lameness in treatment group was not significant compared to control group (p>0.05). In control group, ROM is closer to base line when compared to treatment group. A decreasing trend of joint effusion in both groups was observed during studied times after surgery. No signs of osteoarthritis were observed in both groups (p<0.05). This technique is a new method for permanent treatment of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures as it has many features of other restorative techniques and comparability to MRIT method. However, to provide for clinical usage, more studies are needed.

Cutaneous myiasis in honey bee broods is caused by some Calliphoridae family flies. This disease causes the fatal infections in late of pupae period. In this disease, pupae of honey bee are seen in open forms and their eyes are discolored. The present infection was observed in April 2015 in one of the less populated colonies with the older queen belonged to education and research station of the veterinary faculty of Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz. For evaluation and definitive diagnosis, the samples were transported to the laboratory and based on the clinical observations and microscopic evaluation, cutaneous myiasis was detected in broods of the honey bee. Brood die occurred in margin of frames and particularly in the final frame, and eggs and larvae as well as the third age of the parasite and also the adult flies with truancy and spawning were observed in the hive. The treatment of this infection was done by eliminating and burning the infected frames of hive. However, the acceptable method for treatment has not been recommended yet. It seems that the best way is the utilization of general prevention methods, elimination and destruction of infected frame by incineration and to bury accompanied by a lime application. Put the frames outdoors and use them without disinfection, increases the risk of this parasite infection.