SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IRANIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Year:2016 | Volume:11 | Issue:4|Papers Count:12

In order to identify polymorphisms in the growth hormone gene for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a total of 20 different samples were prepared from both Iranian and French populations and DNA extraction was performed using CTAB method. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was amplified fragment of 1825 bp the growth hormone gene. The amplified fragments were using enzymes including. Tag I, Hinf I, Mbo 1, Alu I, Hin III, Hpa II andNde I and fractionated on the 3% agarose gelelectrophoresis. In enzymatic digestion of the PCR products, Alu I and Tag I enzymes show polymorphism with a new pattern in 450 and 600 bp (byAlu I) and a new 500 bp (by Tag I) which was different among Iranian and French populations. According to the present results, we could suggest that the enzymesAlu I and TagI can be used as molecular markers for the identification of these two populations; and also be useful to distinguish between imported and native trout populations in aquaculture industry.

Heat stress worsens the performance through the physiologic changes in the body of the poultry. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha pulegium powders on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chickens under heat stress. Two hundred one-day-old male Ross chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates each (10 birds for each replicate pen). Treatments were the control diet, 0.5%Mentha pulegium, 0.5% Thymus vulgarisand 0.5% mixture of both Thymus vulgaris and Mentha pulegium. The results showed that body weight gain was increased by consumption of all the experimental treatments during the finisher and whole the experimental periods as compared to control. Thymus vulgarisor mixture of both plants caused the decreased feed conversion ratio. The consumption of all experimental treatments increased the abdominal fat but the increment due to Thymus vulgaris consumption was greater than that of Mentha pulegium or the mixture of both plants. Mentha pulegium increased the blood triglyceride as compared to the other treatments. Moreover, consumption of both plants decreased the blood urea. Furthermore the birds receiving Thymus vulgaris had the higher hematocrit in comparison with control and the Mentha pulegium received birds. Totally, the consumption of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha pulegiumalone or together causes the better body weight gain and feed conversion ratio probably through the improvement in feed digestion.

Theileria annulatais one of the protozoan parasites which is transmitted by hard ticks and causes tropical theileriosis in cattle and buffaloes. This disease is one of the most important economic loss producing causes in several countries. This survey was conducted on 90, 2-5 years old native cattle (30 healthy, 30 involved with theileriosis and 30 asymptomatic cattle infected with Theileria). Blood samples were collected and then some hematologic and biochemical parameters were analyzed. The results revealed that in the involved group, RBC, PCV, HB, MCHC and WBC measures were significantly reduced compared with control group (P<0.05). The number of eosinophils in the involved and infected asymptomatic group were significantly higher than control (P<0.05), but the number of neutrophils were significantly less than control and asymptomatic groups (P<0.05). The counts of lymphocytes were also significantly lower in the involved and infected asymptomatic cattle than controls (P<0.05). Only PLT, lymphocyte, eosinophil and neutrophil rates had significant changes in asymptomatic infected cattle (P<0.05). The serum activity of ALT, AST, ALP and the amount of BUN were also significantly higher in the involved group compare to controls (P<0.05). The present investigation showed that unlike the involved group, studied parameters were returned to normal range in asymptomatic infected cattle after recovering from the disease.

Lyme disease and Q fever are zoonotic diseases caused by two gram negative bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi and Coxiella burnetii, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and Coxiella burnetii in the referred dogs to Veterinary Hospital of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Serum samples from 182 dogs referred to Veterinary Hospital with different sex, race and age was collected and examined by ELISA assay. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16 and Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann Whitney tests. Seroprevalence of both Q fever and Lyme disease was 0.55% (95% CI: 0-2.7%) The present study showed seroprevalence of Lyme disease and Q fever in the referred dogs to Veterinary Hospital of Ahvaz is negligible and these animals do not have an important role in the epidemiology of these two diseases. For clarification of the epidemiological situation, other animals must be considered.

In recent years, medicinal plants are wildly used in industry. The aim of the present study was to evaluation of effect of dietary Zataria multiflora on growth performance and carcass oxidation in broiler chickens. One hundred and eighty broiler chicks (Ross 308, one day old) were purchase and divided to four groups (each group contain 45 chickens in 3 replicates). Group 1 (control) received basal ration. Group 2 received basal ration plus 0.25%Zataria multifloraBioss. Group 3 received basal ration plus 0.5% Zataria multiflora Bioss. Group 4 received basal ration plus 1%Zataria multiflora Bioss. Chicks were raised on floor-pen under standard conditions for 6 weeks. At day 14, 28 and 42 of age, all chicks weigh and after determining the given food to each pen, feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. After killing, the breast samples were taken and stored at refrigerated temperature for 12 days. The samples were periodically analyzed at 3-dayes intervals for lipid oxidation measurement. Final body weight of the group fed 0.25% and 0.5%Zataria multiflora Bioss were significantly higher than control group (p<0.05). At the first day of analysis, no significant differences were observed in lipid oxidation among the groups. In the other days, lipid oxidation was significantly lower in the groups fed 0.5% and 1%Zataria multiflora Bioss compared with the control group (p<0.05). Due to the decrease of body weight in the group fed 1% of Zataria multiflora Bioss leaves, usage of 0.5% Zataria multiflora Bioss in diet of broiler chicken is suggested to inhibit the lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage without inappropriate effect on growth performance.

Fish color is one of the most important indicators of marketing process in aquaculture. In this study, the effect of food supplementation with different level of Dunaliella salina on skin carotenoid level, skin and fins coloration in H. serverus were investigated. One hundred and eighty H. severus weighing 27±0.5g were randomly divided to four groups in triplicate: Groups 1 (G1) were fed with basal diet, group 2 (G2), group 3 (G3) and group 4 (G4) fed with basal diet supplemented with 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 D.salina, respectively. Following 6 weeks administration of experimental foods, digital photos were taken from each group and skin samples were taken after euthanasia. Skin beta carotene rate as well as skin and fins coloration pattern were compared among groups (a*, b*, Hue, L* and Chroma). Results showed that skin beta carotene rate significantly increased in G2, G3 and G4 in comparison with control (P<0.05), and the highest rate was 4.06±0.45 mg kg-1 in G4. There was no significant difference recating to color indicators in skin area between the groups (P>0.05). In the fin area a* value significantly increased in G2 and G3 compare to control also Hue and b* value significantly decreased in G2 and G3 compare to control (P<0.05). Chroma value significantly increased in G3 compare to other groups (P<0.05). No significant difference were observed in L* value between the groups (P>0.05). Regarding to the availability and low cost of D.salina as well as possibility of its mass production, D.salina can be used as an natural source of carotenoid for improving color and carotenoid level in fish.

One of the most valuable fish in Persian Gulf, Oman Sea, and territorial (coastal) waters of Khozestan, a province in the southwest of Iran, is Argyrosomus hololepidotus. In fish, skin is the first line of defense against the external environment and furthermore makes possible natural physiological functions inside the body. In this study, six Argyrosomus hololepidotus were used for microscopic analyses. The samples were prepared from 0.5μm cuts from the fish dorsum and later they were dyed in toluidine blue, H & E, PAS, AB (pH=2.5) and AB (pH=2.5) -PAS. For transmission electron microscopic analyses, the samples were dehydrated and embedded in resin after primary and post-fixation. Later, cuts with the thickness between 50nm to 80nm were prepared and dyed in uranyl acetate. The result of the light microscopic analysis showed that the fish’s epidermis is composed from goblet, epithelial, and superficial- squamous cells. Their dermis contains spongiosum and compactum layers. The subcutis does not exist in some parts and it is thin in some parts. The results of the electron microscopic analyses showed that goblet cells include mucosal drops. The superficial squamous cells have micro ridges that keep in touch thorough tight junctions and the cytoplasm of epithelial epidermis cells has filaments that keep in touch via desmosomes. In addition, the result of histochemical analysis showed that goblet cells, superficial squamous cells and epithelial cells reacted positively to PAS and AB dyes with pH 2.5.

The present study was conducted to detect the level of serum copper concentration in urban and rural dogs in Ahvaz district, based on the biochemical analysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometery. This survey was accomplished on a group of 250 serum samples of clinically healthy urban and rural dogs with different ages between 2013 and 2014. The urban dogs were selected between referred cases to the Veterinary Hospital of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and the rural dogs were categorized into four areas (north, east, west and south). Classification was made by age, sex, breed, region and diet. The studied dogs were divided into three groups based on age (<1 year, 1–3 years and>3 years). The most breed distribution was Mixed (24%), German shepherd (21.6%), Terrier (18.4%), Spitz (11.2%) and Doberman pinscher (9.6%) in the urban dogs. The present results showed that the mean and standard deviation of serum copper concentration was 21.09±0.49 and 15.27±0.29 mmol/L in the urban and rural dogs respectively. Serum copper level was significantly higher in urban dogs than rural dogs (p<0.001) and also in small breeds than large breeds (20.59±4.86 versus 17.27±4.71mmol/L) (p<0.01). The mean of serum copper concentration was significantly higher (p<0.001) in dogs that had meat in their diet (20.64±5.05 versus 12.59±1.18 mmol/L) also. The mean and standard deviation of serum copper were in normal range in all samples (18.10±0.31; 95% CI: 17.16-19.04). Serum copper concentration did not show any significant differences in different age groups, gender and areas (p>0.05). This survey showed that the serum copper concentration was significantly higher in urban dogs than rural dogs and in small breeds than large breeds. It seems that, this study is the first research in dogs in Iran.

Obtaining knowledge on radio graphical and anatomical properties of the metacarpal/tarsal and the digital bones of the thoracic and the pelvic limbs in one-humped camel is important and necessary for diagnosis of diseases and abnormalities in order to provide effective and satisfactory treatments. The study aims were to access more details on radio graphical and anatomical properties of the metacarpal/tarsal and the digits skeleton of the thoracic and pelvic limbs in one-humped camel. In present investigation, the distal extremities of the right and left thoracic and pelvic limbs (immediately below the carpal/tarsal joint) of five male one- humped camels were used. Following anatomical results were obtained: the presence of a plantar process on proximal extremity of the metatarsal bone, the presence of a deep and well- developed intertrochlear incisure of metacarpal/tarsal bones, an incomplete sagittal crest on the palmar or the planter surface of condyles, the absence of the accessory metatarsal/carpal bones, and absence of the distal sesamoid bone. In conclusion, although the anatomy of the metatarsal/carpal and the digits skeleton of the one-humped camel between the thoracic and the pelvic limbs shows great similarities and fewer differences, bony structures of this area in one-humped camel exhibit marked differences and fewer similarities with others domestic ruminates. Radiographic findings showed that the plantar process on the proximal extremity of the metatarsus bone which was noted on the lateral and dorsoplantar views differing from the metacarpal bones. The deep and well-developed intertrochlear incisures was observed on the dorsoplantar (palmar) views. Due to the lack of the presence of accessory metatarsal/carpal bones and distal sesamoid bone, the best views for examination this areas are the lateral and dorsoplantar (palmar) views. However, the oblique views of the metatarsophalangeal joints are necessary, because of the existence of proximal sesamoid bone.

The protozoan parasites species of Eimeria can cause coccidiosis in small ruminants including sheep. Coccidiosis is one of the most important economic and hygienic diseases in Iran and worldwide. Most livestock suffer from Eimeria species inducing coccidiosis during their economic life. Coccidiosis is the most common sheep disease among 6 months and younger lambs in the world. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence rate and diversity ofEimeria species among sheep population in Zabol, Iran. In the present study, faecal samples (approximately 3-5 gr) were obtained from the rectums of 420 sheep during four seasons of 2013-2014. The sheep were from three age groups (less than 6 months, 6-12 months and over 12 months old). Number of oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) was determined by the standard McMaster technique. Identification of genus and species of oocysts was done on sporulation. The results showed an overall prevalence of 20% for coccidiosis. The species of Eimeria occurring in these sheep were also identified. The age of the sheep had a significant effect on the disease prevalence as well. Oocysts counts were significantly higher in animals of less than 6-months old (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection between male and female sheep (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in OPG between age and sex of sheep (P>0.05). The species of Eimeria and their prevalence were recognized as: E. ahsata (8.33%), E. parva (7.38%), E.ovinoidalis (3.57%) E. pallida (2.85%), E. weybridgensis (2.14%) E. intricata (0.95%). The results of this study showed Eimeria infection as a prevalent infection in sheep, in Zabol, Iran.

Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that used in different diseases. There is no evidence for teratogenicity effect of florfenicol; the aim of this study was to evaluate the teratogenic effect of florfenicol on skeletal system of rat fetuses. This study was performed on 39 pregnant rats in 5 groups, including first group (control group) and 2-5 groups (test groups) that was received florfenicol at doses 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg, respectively. The drug was administrated at 8th and 10th days of gestation intraperitoneally. The rats were euthanized and fetuses were collected at 20th day of gestation prior to calculation of weight and length. Then, they were stained by alizarin red- alician blue method. The stained skeletal system of the fetuses were eviscerated and cleaned before they investigated by stereomicroscope. Fetus absorption rate in 1-5 groups were 4.09%, 22.64%, 44.68%, 53.58% and 59.32%. Skeletal teratogenicities consist of cleft palate, sternum malformation, reduce limbs ossification of hind limb and fore limb, observed in 4th group (400 mg/kg florfenicol) were 11.53, 11.53 and also 11.53% and in 5th group (800 mg/kg florfenicol) 20.38, 12.50 and 37.50%. It is concluded that, florfenicol produced some tratogenic skeletal disorders including cleft palate, sternum malformation; reduce limbs ossification and fetus absorption doses-depended in rat fetuses.

This case report surveys a six years old male dog which was perished in 2 hours. The clinical symptoms including depression, anorexia, diarrhea, severe thirst and foamy saliva was seen. Albeit the supportive treatment, the dog was perished. Formalin-fixed samples of liver and kidney were collected for pathological examination. Besides, for toxicological experiments the frozen gastric contents along with part of liver, heart, kidney, brain, spleen and blood experiments were sent to Toxicology Research Center of Veterinary Medicine School of Tehran University. Necropsy findings revealed the congested, dark and dehydrated organs. Histopathological studies showed bleeding, congestion and necrosis in kidney and liver tissues along with fatty changes in hepatocytes. According to the pinkish appearance of gastric contents, existence of carcass (possibly a crow) and wheat seeds imbedded with pink color, we speculated that the dog was probably poisoned by a fungicide. In toxicological examinations using gas chromatography method (GC-NPD), the cause of poisoning was revealed to be tebuconazole fungicide. This is the first report of tebuconazole intoxication in dogs in Iran.