Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
Year:2018 | Volume:24 | Issue:165 |Papers Count:13

Background: The hospital consists of many components for serving patients, and the relationships between these components should be integrated, because the defect in each component can lead to problems in the delivery of the patient. Emergency departments of hospitals, in situations where human life is at risk, should seek urgent medical assistance in order to eliminate those factors and save the lives of those in need. Factors such as manpower, physical space and essential medical equipment and appropriate facilities can represent the readiness and efficiency of the emergency department and the criteria for comparing hospitals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of human resources, physical space, medical equipment and workflow of the emergency department in the social hospitals of the Social Security Organization in 2016. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. In the descriptive part, the demographic characteristics of the emergency department managers and in the analytical section have examined the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. This research was conducted on emergency technicians, head nurses, metronists (Supervisors) and physicians working in the emergency department. The statistical population includes the emergency department of 70 civilian hospitals of Social Security Organization. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Results: In this study, the hospitals with an average score of 83. 33 were in a favorable situation. Indices of medical equipment, workflow process and quality indices were obtained by obtaining average scores of 85. 7, 85. 5 and 90. 5%, respectively, and the manpower and physical space indices respectively with the average score of 75 And 77. 8% were relatively favorable. Conclusion: Most of the studied hospitals are in desirable condition in terms of indicators. The findings indicate the need for an increase in manpower and emergency facilities. There is also a significant and direct relation between the human resources of the emergency department and the quality indices (p<0. 05), which means that with the improvement of the human resources index in emergency departments, the performance of these sectors also improves.

Background: Many people have problems facing life difficulties and also are not able to sort out their life problems. These causes vulnerability and being exposed to psychological and behavioral disorders. These research aims at the life skills in students of Iran University of medical sciences (IUMS). Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was held at IUMS in 2016-7. The target population was all IUMS students with the sample of 342. The sample was chose with stratified random sampling. The research questionnaire had 7 demographic and 142 multi choice questions which divided into 19 sub-scales. The multi choice questions were weighted 0 to 4 to analyze. For data analyses, the descriptive and analytic method such as independent t-test, ANOVA or their nonparametric versions, Chi-square test and correlations in SPSS version 22 were used. The significance level of tests were chosen to be 0. 05. Results: the mean of all sub-scale were more than 2 (the mean) and the total mean and SD were 2. 5 and 0. 15 respectively. The mean of women life skills in most sub-scales were more than men, but with no significant differences. The sub-scale means of (individual relations) (p=0. 045) and (the skills related to use security points) (p=0. 035) were significant between academic levels. Also, the sub-scale means of (skills related to human relations) (p=0. 031) and (skill of solving problems) (p=0. 040) were significant between university schools. Furthermore, there was no significant differences between accommodation and the marital status of the students, and the means of the life skills’ sub-scales, but the students who live in university accommodation had lower life skills mean than others. The age of the students had no strong and significant relationship with the students’ life skill. Conclusion: The students are weak in some life skills and need suitable education. The male and single students need more life skills’ education than others.

Background: Determination of interobserver and intraobserver reliability are one of the most important issue in educations with are necessary for validation of classifications. Methods: Radiographies and CT scans of 160 patients were assessed by three orthopedics to determination of the anatomic location of fractures and to determine classification of fractures according to Young and Burgess classification and then the agreement between observers and among each observer was assessed. Results: Pubic rami were the most common anatomic fractures and LC I was the most common fracture type. CT scan was increased significantly the accuracy of diagnosis of fractures of the sacrum and ilium. Interobserver reliability to determination of the fracture type was 0. 35 (0. 28– 0. 52) using radiography alone, and was 0. 49 (0. 44– 0. 76) using both radiographies and CT scan. The least agreement was observed in types LC II and APC II. Intraobserver reliability in this field were 0. 40 (0. 31– 0. 58), 0. 41 (0. 32– 0. 51) and 0. 44 (0. 36– 0. 55) for three observers using radiographies alone and 0. 54 (0. 39– 0. 77), 0. 53 (0. 42-0. 72) and 0. 55 (0. 46– 0. 73) respectively using radiographies and CT scans. Conclusion: there were acceptable interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities in Young and Burgess classification and our results approximately were the same as other studies.

Background: Monocytes are a key component of the immune system, which play an important role in inflammatory and innate immune responses. So the isolation of these cells is important in immunology researches and accordingly many methods have been developed for the monocyte isolation. One of the least expensive and simple separation methods is using the ability of these cells to adhere to solid surfaces that were examined in this study. Methods: In this way, after the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocytes were isolated from cell suspension by using the adhesion ability of these cells to the plastic surface. Isolated monocytes were stained by using specific antibodies labeled with fluorescent dyes (PE, FITC) binding to specific markers on the surface of monocytes CD11b and CD14 and the purity of cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Results: Flow cytometry results after separation of monocytes shown that 90. 2% of cells were expressed two markers CD11b and CD14. Conclusion: Although there are several monocyte isolation methods, each of them have advantages and disadvantages. One of the least expensive and simple method of isolation is using adhesion ability of these cells that provides possibility of monocyte isolation with high purity.

In recent years, more attention has been given to some childhood neurological disorders like include autism. Autism is a disorder that causes difficulties to language skills, the performance of social skills, and represents repetitive, stereotypic movements and nonfunctional behaviour patterns. During the 1970s, the prevalence of autism in the United States ranged from 1 to 3 in 10, 000. In the early 21st century the prevalence of autism has reached 1 in 150. As the high prevalence and increasing tendency of the prevalent, there is an urgent need to identify the pathophysiological mechanisms that could explain the social behavioral impairments in autism in a unify way. Identifying of biomarkers that have important role in the diagnosis of autism can provide fast and accurate diagnosis and more effective treatments for autistic patients. As autism contains a wide spectrum disorders and the main involved mechanisms are not clear, this study was aimed to review pathophysiological mechanisms, treatments, diagnostic assessments and biomarkers of autism. Because treatment of peoples who suffer also from autism is a contemporary challenge, it is hoped that by identifying of biomarkers for autism, new and effective therapeutic targets will be achieved.

The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae has increased dramatically over the past decade. Identification of these bacteria because of its variation in minimum inhibitory concentration for carbapenem resistance is important. Therefore, identification of the bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratory is a major matter for the selection and implementation of infection control measures and appropriate treatment plan. The screening of carbapenemase-producing bacteria could be done with different phenotypic, biochemical and molecular methods; however, each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this study is to investigate and introduction of common available methods to detect carbapenemase.

Background: Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist which is widely used as a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent for leukemia and other malignancies. Methotrexate (MTX) leads to acute toxic side effects in tissues or organs containing rapidly dividing cells such as seminiferous tubules. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of vitamin C against MTX-induced injury in rat testis. Methods: A total of 31 rats were divided into 4 groups, including the control group. The study was completed within 4 weeks and the rats received daily doses of 2 mL/kg SF, 100 mg/kg vitamin C and 10 mg/kg/day MTX i. p according to their groups. The mean seminiferous tubular diameter, germinal epithelial cell thickness, and mean testicular biopsy score were determined by histologic examination of each group. Differences between estimated means for experimental groups were compared between groups using one-way analysis of vari ance (ANOVA). Results: The vitamin C+MTX group showed more similarity with the control group. Statistically significant results were achieved between groups as for mean seminiferous tubular diameter, germinal epithelial cell thickness, and mean testicular biopsy score. When compared with the group which received vitamin C after MTX therapy, values for mean seminiferous tubular diameter, germinal epithelial cell thickness, and mean testicular biopsy score were significantly higher in the group which received vitamin C before initiation of MTX therapy. Conclusion: Vitamin C decreased MTX-induced testicular histological injuries, especially when used before MTX therapy.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and amyloid peptides playing a central role in its pathogenesis. Recently, regular exercise has been considered as one of the most important non-pharmacological mechanisms to contrast with AD. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of exercise preconditioning on the level of soluble amyloid and memory impairment in rats with AD induced by Aβ 1-42 injection. Methods: Eighty four male rats with mean± SD weight of 195± 20 g were randomly divided into two groups of aerobic training or resting for 4 weeks. Then, each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups of AD, sham and non-injected. Forty eight hours after the last training session, injection of Aβ 1-42 or DMSO into the hippocampus was performed. Seven days after surgery, rats of each groups were either sacrificed (7 rats) or subjected to behavioral testing (7 rats), randomly. Following the collection of blood samples in the victim's rats, the hippocampal tissue was extracted and the levels of Aβ 1-42 in plasma and hippocampus, as well as the plasma level of the soluble Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 (sLRP-1) evaluated. Results: The results showed that in the exercise + AD group, hippocampal level of Aβ 1-42 were lower, and plasma level of Aβ 1-42 were higher than the AD group (p<0. 001). Plasma sLRP-1 level in the exercise + AD group was also greater than the AD group (p<0. 001). Moreover, spatial learning and memory were significantly better in the exercise + AD than AD group (p<0. 01). Conclusion: It seems that 4 weeks of exercise preconditioning could reduce the loss of spatial learning and memory through increasing soluble amyloid beta clearance from the brain.

Background: Systematic inflammation in elderly is followed by inflammatory factors such as Interleukin 18 and C-reactive protein the risk of cardio-vascular diseases. The purpose of present research was to study the effect of 12 weeks of resistive exercise on the level of Interleukin 18 and reactionary protein C in elderly men. Methods: In this semi-empirical research, 20 person among 40 non-athlete men of 65 to 80 years old were selected and divided into two groups as control (10 ones) and resistive exercise (10 ones) accidently. Resistance training program included 8 movements with 10-12 repeats and the intensity of 50, 60 and 70 percent of a maximum repeated in three Nonconsecutive sessions in each week during total 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected in two steps of pre-testing and 24 hours after the last session of 12 weeks in order to measure the plasma level of Interleukin 18 and C reactive protein. Through SPSS v. 20, the data were analyzed using t-test and t-independent at the significant level of p<0. 05. Results: The amount of serum IL-18 (p=0. 034) and C-reactive protein (p=0. 012) levels With SD± M 211. 811± 29. 006 and 5. 390± 0. 212 in training group (resistance) had significant decrease IL-18 and CRP with SD± M 261. 101± 12. 137 and 6. 508± 0. 018 in comparison to control group. Conclusion: We can say cautionary that resistance training of serum levels decreases the Interleukin-18 and C-reactive protein of elderly men, so it is useful for them to do these training.

Background: Evolutional failure can happen in various dimensions of infant’ s growth consisting in word, act and behaviour and lead to appear difficults as delay in speaking, brain paralysis, mental lag etc. The purpose of this study is determination and identification of risk factors in infant’ s growth parameters using quantile regression analysis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, growth information of 224 infants including height, weight and head circumference, in Karaj health centers (in 2015-2016), were collected and analyzed. The data analysis was carried out using R 3. 2. 2 software. Results: According to the results, maternal age had a significant effect on boy’ s weight, family members had a significant effect on boy’ s height and mother’ s education had a significant effect on boy’ s head circumference. In addition, mother’ s BMI and maternal age had a significant effect on girl’ s weight, mother’ s education had a significant effect on girl’ s height and maternal age and family members had a significant effect on girl’ s head circumference in various quantiles. Conclusion: Quantile regression, due to fit of various regression lines, was identified significant variables. The findings showed that maternal age and mother’ s education were important factors affecting the infant’ s growth parameters. Therefore, it is recommended that the authorities of the child and maternal health care be policed to improve it.