Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2011 | Volume:10 | Issue:1 (70)|Papers Count:16

Background and Objective: Measurement of Maximum aerobic capacity (VO2-max) is important in physiologically fitting the job to the worker. This study was conducted to estimate VO2-max of industrial workers and to determine its demographic associated factors. Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 184 randomly selected male workers of industrial sector of Sepidan/Fars province participated. A questionnaire consisted of two parts was used as data collecting tool. The first part was related to workers' demographic characteristics which was completed by interview. In the second part of the questionnaire, the value of the measured variables including height, weight, BMI and pulse rate were entered. VO2-max was measured by Tuxworth & Shahnavaz method. To investigate association between demographic variables and VO2-max, linear regression analysis was applied. T-test was used to compare mean value of VO2-max in different groups (based on the variables studied). Results: Workers’ aerobic capacity was estimated to be 2.66±0.35 Lit/M. The results showed that there was no association between VO2-max and age while associations were found between VO2-max and weight as well as height and BMI. Statistical analysis revealed association between VO2-max and smoking. The results also demonstrated that VO2-max was higher among those workers who exercised as compared with other workers with no exercise (p=0.019). Shift working, job satisfaction, and fatigue had no association with aerobic capacity. Conclusion: Aerobic capacity had association with weight, height, BMI, exercise and smoking.

Background and Objective: Knowing the incidence of congenital extremity malformations in the neonates is important for which in the case of unrecognizd may lead to disability. There is not a definite data with respect of prevalence of congenital anomalies in Ahvaz, Iran. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of congenital anomalies in two referral teaching hospitals. Subjects and Methods: This prospective study was performed with association of paediatric group, over a year from 2006 to 2007. All live births with a gestationl age of 28-42 weeks were evaluated for congenital abnormalities of the upper and lower limbs. Results: A total of 5087 live births were delivered by vaginal and cesarean section. Thirty newborns had abnormality in upper or lower extremities (5.89/1000 live births). Among of these newborns, congenital clubfoot in 12 (M=7, F=5) newborn, hip dysplasia in 10 (F=8 , M=2), hand polydactyly in 3 (F=1, M=2), metatarsus adductus in 2 female, bilateral hand and foot in 1 female, polydactyly in 1 female, hand syndactyly in 1 male and vertical talus in 1 male were observed. Conclusion: careful and frequent examination of the neonates is necessary to detect any congenital abnormality of the limbs in particular for newborns with developmtal dysplasia or clubfoot in which the anomaly may be missed by initial examination or when their parents are not aware of the possible anomaly.

Background and Objective: The studies represent the alarming global epidemic of obesity. The aim of this study was to determine association between obesity and demographic indices in over 18-years old referents to university jahad clinic. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 252 adult referents to clinic from Mar.2009 to Sep.2009. Participants including 68 males (26.9%) and 184 females (73.1%) had an average age 33.43±13.56 years. Anthropometric measurements (height and weight) were obtained according to standard protocol. The body mass index (BMI) was also measured. Overweight and obesity were defined according to BMI=25 – 29.9 and BMI ³ 30, respectively. The ages of participant categorized to 3 groups: 18-30, 31-50, 51-80 years old. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 17 using descriptive statistics, T-test and chi square. Results: A prevalence of overweight and obesity were 30.7% and 33.6% respectively (32.6% and 34.9% female, 16.7% and 17.9% males). The average BMI in females was significantly more than males (P=0.0001). The most prevalence of overweight and obesity were observed in 31-50 age group males and females with more than 51 years old (30.7%, 49.3%, respectively). Twenty five percent of more than 51 years old males group and 57.9% of women in these age group were obes. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in single participants were 22.6% and 14.2%, respectively and married were 32.4 % and 39.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in more than 50 years old females group referring to clinic are high and the high risk age of obesity prevalence is 31-50 years old in adult males and females.

Background and Objective: External Auditory Canal and Middle Ear tumor are rare. Its unspecific symptoms make the physician confuse and has not a good prognosis. The aim of this study was to access the prevalence and comparing of middle and external ear carcinoma (Squamous Cell Carcinoma or Basal cell Carcinoma) in demographic factors and kind of management. Subjects and Methods: In this cross sectional study we evaluated the patients with squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of external and middle ear who treated in ENT ward of Ghaem hospital Mashhad during 1995-2009. We randomly selected 63 patients and followed them up for 2-24 months. Results: Our findings showed that of total 47 patients with external auditory canal malignant tumors had either SCC (46.81%) or BCC (53.19%). In the other hand of 16 patients with middle ear malignant tumor showed either SCC (93.75%) or BCC (6.25%). Conclusion: Two- year survival in external auditory canal malignancies was much better than middle ear malignancies. The rates of recurrence in external auditory canal malignancy and in middle ear malignancy were 13% and 50% respectively. The best management in this malignancies is en block resection.

Background and Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Due to significance of this disorder in children and its complications, this study was done to determinate efficacy of propranolol and methylphenidate combination in treatment of ADHD and in control of adverse effects of methylphenidate. Subjects and Methods: This study is a double blind–placebo control clinical trial which was conducted to compare propranolol and methylphenidate combination with placebo and methylphenidate. Thirty children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were assessed by Conner’s rating scale (parent version) and psychiatric interview based on DSM-IV-TR and adverse effects check list of stimulant drugs and propranolol during 4 weeks in Ahvaz Golestan hospital child and adolescent psychiatric clinic. Results: Rate of response in combination treatment (methylphenidate and propranolol) group was significantly greater than control group. Combination treatment was more effective in control of hyperactivity and impulsivity than inattention. The most common side effect was anorexia in both groups. Other adverse effects of methylphenidate such as increase of systolic blood pressure and pulse rate, abdominal pain, headache, insomnia and nausea were less common in combination treatment group than placebo group. Conclusion: The results were shown that combination of propranolol and methylphenidate is more effective in treatment of ADHD and decrease of adverse effects of methylphenidate than methylphenidate alone. This combination therapy was more effective in hyperactiveimpulsive symptoms rather than inattention.

Background and Objective: There are some accompanying problems in children with cerebral palsy. These problems may affect the children and their family even more than cerebral palsy. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of six common accompanying problems and their relationship to type and level of motor function. Subjects and Methods: In this study, 120 children aged 2 to 14 years old were selected from 4 rehabilitation centers in Tehran. At first consent of the child’s mothers were obtained, and then child’s medical history was gathered and accompanying problems were extinguished. The gross motor function level and the type of cerebral palsy were determined. The data was analyzed by SPSS-16 using kolmogrov smironov test and spearman’s rho correlation coefficient. Results: The speech disorder was the most and hearing problem was the least common among children. The type of cerebral palsy was associated significantly with intellectual disabilities, speech, feeding problems and number of problems (p<0.05). There was significant correlation between Gross motor function classification system and intellectual disabilities, speech, feeding problems, seizure and number of problems (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to high occurrence of accompanying problems in children with cerebral palsy especially more severe ones, early detection and treatment of these problems could enhance the quality of life of the children and their family.

Background and Objective: In recent years there are growing concerns about the decrease of male reproductive health by different factors. So, present study was aimed to determine the effects of caffeine consumption during gestation on development of histomorphometric structure of testis in Wistar rats offspring. Subjects and Methods: Pregnant female Wistar rats in treatment groups received low and high doses (26 and 45 mg/kg) of caffeine during gestation via drinking water. At 1, 30, 60 and 90 days after birth, body weight of male offsprings were measured, serum testosterone levels analyzed and the testis were removed, their weights recorded and were fixed in Bouin’s solution. Following tissue processing, 5-6μm sections were prepared, then, at different stages of postnatal development the volumes of testis were estimated by Cavellieri method and structure of seminiferous tubules analyzed quantitatively. Results: The results showed significant (p<0.05) decreases in mean weight of pups, weight and absolute volume of testis in high dose treatment group in comparison with control group. Also, loss of spermatogenesis as increase of spermatogenic cells distribution, decreases of spermatgenic cell layers and germinal epithelium height and vacuolated germinal epithelium were seen in treatment groups. Mean diameter of seminiferous tubules decreased significantly (p<0.05) at 30 and 90 days of age in high dose treatment group. Moreover, serum testosterone levels at 60 and 90 days of age decreased significantly (p<0.05) in high dose treatment group. Conclusion: Present study indicates that caffeine consumption during gestation can reduce testicular parameters during postnatal development in male offspring Wistar rats.

Background and Objective: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common disorders in women and its main treatment is non – steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. Due to side effects of chemical drugs and traditionally use of fennel as sedative plant, the aim of this study was to detect the effect of fennel on primary dysmenorrhea. Subjects and Methods: In this single blind clinical trial, sixty students in Shahrekord university of medical sciences with primary dysmenorrhea were randomly selected in two groups receiving fennel and placebo. For data collection, we used record information form and visual analogue scale. At the end of first and second month after the intervention, the severity of dysmenorrhea was detected and compared with before. Data analized by SPSS, using chi-square, t and paired manwitney tests and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean of dysmenorrhea scores was similar before the intervention in two groups, but at the end of first month after the intervention, it was 10.67±6.07 in fennel group and 16.11±6.35 in placebo group, and after the end of second month following the intervention it was 9.29±6.18 in fennel versus 15.94±7.43 in placebo group (P<0.05). Conclusion: probably the Fennel extract can reduce the primary dysmenorrhea. The researches with more samples and longer time are suggested.

Background and Objective: Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in serum uric acid levels and Reactive Oxigen Species production, and considered as a risk factor for gout and oxidative stress- induced diseases. The antioxidant effect of dietary polyphenols in control and decreasing of oxidative damage have been confirmed previously, therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of red onion intake on serum uric acid levels, lipid profile and paraxonase activity in hyperuricemic rats. Subjects and Methods: In this experimental- interventional study, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, hyperuricemic, normal and hyperuricemic rats receiving onion. Hyperuricemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 250mg/kg potassium oxonate. Onion was administrated by oral gavage at dose 5g/kg. The intervention took 2 weeks. At the end of study, serum uric acid levels, Lipid profile and paraxonase activity were determined and data was statistically analyzed. Results: In healthy rats, effect of onion intake on serum uric acid levels and lipid profile were not statistically significant, but paraxonase activity was increased significant in comparison to healthy control group. The intervention in hyperuricemic rats caused to a significant decrease in uric acid levels and significant increase in paraxonase activity in comparison to hyperuri- cemic control rats. There was a significant positive correlation between paraxonase activity and HDLC, and significant reverse correlation between paraxonase activity and uric acid concentrations (p<0.05). Conclusion: Onion intake by decreasing of uric acid levels and increasing of paraxonase activity could be effective in control of hyperuricemia and improvement of antioxidant capacity in hyperuricemic rats.

Background and objective: Vitamin C is considered as the indicator of process severity, because of its high sensitivity to heat. There is an inverse relationship between vitamin C retention and the process severity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different common cooking methods on process severity and decrease amount of vitamin C in some vegetables. Materials and methods: In this study, potatoes were tested as boiled (with peel, without peel, sliced), shallow and deep fried, and cooking under pressure (with peel, without peel, sliced). Onions were tested as boiled (whole and sliced) and microwave (whole and sliced). Leafy vegetables: Leek, leaf of beet, parsley, coriander, common dill and the mixed of them were tested as boiled fried. All tests performed as triplicate and the contents of vitamin C retention were determined by colorimetric method according to the instruction number 5609 of the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran and were compared to the contents of vitamin C in raw vegetables. Results: The highest decrease of vitamin C was observed in boiled, sliced (without peel) and shallow fried potatoes and onions. In leafy vegetables highest loss of vitamin C was observed from boiled fried. The loss of vitamin C in potatoes and onions by using microwave were small and their vitamin C contents were similar to raw vegetables. Conclusion: The maximum retention of vitamin C in potatoes and onions are obtained by microwave method, with peel and whole, respectively.

Background and Objective: In inlay restorations, most of the polymerization occurs out of the mouth. The aim of this study is to compare two types of restoration for micro leakage amount. Subjects and Methods: Thirty four premolars were randomly divided in two groups. In the direct composite restorations, mesio-occlusal cavities were prepared. After etching and bondig the cavity, 1 mm of the floor of the box was filled with F2 composite and the rest of it was restored with Nulite F. In the direct inlay composite group, cavities with same dimensions but with divergent walls (5-6 degrees) were prepared. Then Tetric Ceram composite was directly formed and cured in the cavity. Inlays were taken out and heated in boiling water for seven minutes. Then sandblasting by aluminum oxide was performed and inlays were cemented in the cavities with Rely X cement. Then the specimens were thermo cycled and immersed in 2% fushin for 24 hours. Samples were investigated with stereomicroscope with magnification ratio of 40 and analysis was done with Mann-Whitney test. Results: All the samples in to the two groups are in score 0 and score 1 division based on their microleakage (without microleakage: score 0, microleakage to enamel: score 1). The data analysis showed that the two groups had not significant statistical difference. Discussion: Although in direct inlay restorations most of polymerization shrinkage occurs extra oral, but it is not sufficient for complete reduction in micro leakage amount but this restoration is clinically suitable as direct composite restoration.

Nasal dermoid sinus cyst (NDSC) is an uncommon congenital lesion presenting as a large panel of midline craniofacial anomalies. These congenital disorders often extend to intracranial and can lead to serious complications. The aim of this study was to assessment of frequency, sign, symptoms, treatment and outcome of nasal dermoid sinus cyst. In this study, an 8 years old female with nasal dermoid sinus cyst and nasal tip sinus opening (4 years previous history) was evaluated.