Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2001 | Volume:- | Issue:30|Papers Count:12

Due to the fact that polymorphism has Detrimental effect on the process of preformulation, formulation, manufacturing, stability and finally bioavailability is there fore particularly important. In order to identify the form of polymorphs of imported phenobarbital, the following tests were carried out: IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and dissolution tests. Initially various standards polymorphs of Phenobarbital (forms I, II and III) were obtained, then compared with the imported sample. The IR spectra with KBr discs were obtained for all the forms. The imported commercial sample had absorption with maximal at 1770cm-I, 1680-1730 cm-1 and finger print region. In comparison with forms I and n at 1300 cm-1, for forms II and III at 1600-1800 cm-1 and 850 cm-1, some differences were observed, which indicated that the imported sample was similar to form II. Furthermore dissolution tests and thermal analysis proved that the imported sample was a mixture of forms I and II.

This is a case-control study carried out on 90 females in order to investigate the muscular activity in upper and lower fibers of trapezius muscle on the right and left sides in two static positions sitting and Recombant among those suffering from neck pain. The results were compared with data obtained from normal subjects. Cases and controls were matched in respect to age, height and weight. The evaluation process included clinical examination (by a clinician), interview and myomed instrument. Also, demographic variables, duration and severity of pain and the degree of muscular activity were laid down in the related questionnaire. From observations in this study, no significant difference was found between cases and controls. However, the results indicated that there was a significant difference between trapezius muscle activity in the two job groups among those not suffering from neck pain. The results also showed that there was an inverse relationship between muscular activity and duration of the neck pain the longer the duration of pain, the lower the level of muscular activity. On the whole, the results suggested a statistical relationship between the degree of muscular activity and the intensity of the pain (P=0.01).

Headache is the most common cause of painful conditions in the entire life span of an individual. Evalution of C.T scans from 166 patients suffering mainly from headache showed that the majority of these patients were middle-aged females, while more abnormal C.T. scans were detected among males aged over 50 years. Correlation of CT scan findings with clinical signs revealed a large number of patients with normal neurological signs and normal CT. scan suffered from tension and migraine type headache. Among the 166 patients studied, a total of 16 cases (9.6 %) with positive abnormal CT. scan findings were detected, of which (4.8 %) had tumoral lesion and (4.2 %) chronic non-surgical lesion such as cortical atrophy or old infarct changes. Patients with positive abnormal CT. scan findings also had positive neurological findings. This study suggests that patients suffering from headache and show no accompanying positive clinical signs do not need C.T. scan as part of work-up for their headache.

In order to survey the role of viral agents (Herpes, Adeno and Enteroviruses) in incidence of ocular infections, 300 ocular swabs of patients with clinical symptoms of ocular infections obtained on transport medium (HanK's) from subjects attended to educational and therapeutic center of Farabi in Tehran from March 1996 to February 1998. The samples, after keeping in -70°C condition, in the Virology Department of Pasteur Institute of Iran (Tehran) were tested by cell culture-neutralization test and Fluorescent antibody Technique. In this survey 22 (7.3%) of the samples were positive. The most common viral agents were Enteroviruses (50%), Herpes simplex virus (40.9%) and Adenoviruses (9.1%). In Addition the most clinical manifestation were conjunctivitis (89.3%), Keratoconjunctivitis (6.2%) and Keratitis (4.5%). In the present study, the highest rate of ocular infections were found in the age group 21-30 years, in male and in the warm season. There were no significant statistical differences between sex, age and season with ocular infection (P>0.05).

In traditional medicine the Moruseae family is widely used in lowering the blood sugar. In this study the effect of Monls alba leaves extract on blood sugar in mice was investigated. Extraction was carried out through maceration method and measurement of blood sugar level was made by orthotoluidine method. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Newman Keuls test. Various doses of aqueous, alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Morus alba leaves (150, 200, 300 & 350 mglkg) were administrated orally. Results showed that the hydro-alcoholic extract with 250-mg/kg dose had the most significant effect in lowering the fasting blood sugar in mice. In glucose tolerance test, the highest effect in lowering the blood sugar level, was observed 75 minutes after administration of hydro-alcoholic extract. In order to induce diabetes in mice, streptozocin (100 mglkg) was injected interaperitonally. Hydro-alcoholic extract (250 mglkg) significantly decreased the blood sugar in diabetic mice. Oral administration of glibenclamide (20 mglkg) did not decrease the blood sugar of diabetic mice significantly. In order to study the toxic effect of Alorlls alba leaves extract after administering 1600 mglkg of the extract, within 72 hours, no fatal effects was observed in the animals.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most important diseases in the developing and industrialized countries. Major CAD risk factors are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, tobacco smoking and hyperlipidemia. Angiographic plaque morphology is correlated with the clinical status and prognosis of patients. In a cross sectional study, morphology of coronary artery lesions evaluated in patients with tobacco smoking and those with hyperlipidemia in coronary angiography. One hundred male patients were selected. Fifty of the patients had hyperlipidemia and the rest were smokers. The mean age of smoking patients was 45.3 years old with standard deviation of 3.7. The results were as follows: morphology of coronary artery lesions were 24.3% simple and 45.9% complex in smoking patients and 29.3% simple and 45.1% complex in hyperlipidemic Group The difference was not statistically significant, (X2=1.76). in conclusion, it seems both smoking and hyperlipidemic carry equal risk factors in the developing of vascular plague.

Pheochromocytoma is the causative factor of (high blwd pressure) in less than 1% of hypertensive population. About 90-95% of cases is benign, and 5-10% malignant. Most of the clinical manifestations of this disease is due to release of active amines from the tumor. Diagnosis is based on detection of elevated serum or urinary catecholamine and CT scan imaging, The only effective treatment is surgical operation, that needs a specific preoperative management. In this article a case of pheochromocytoma is presented. The patient is a 55 years old woman with a long history of upper GI upset. She had received multiple medications during previous 2years. The radiological examination revealed a cystic lesion in upper pole of her right kidney. During her hospitalization for clinical evaluation she had multiple hypertensive crisis. After excision of the cystic lesion the patient become normotensive and her problems subsided. Her pathologic report confirmed pheochromocytoma.

In recent years, emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Typhi (MDRST) has become a major public health problem in the world. The aim of this research was to study the state of antimicrobial susceptibility and to choose the most suitable antibiotic for the treatment of typhoid fever in children. From March 1998 all the isolated S. Typhi has been transferred from pediatric infectious ward of Ahwaz Abuzar hospital in Stuart medium to the clinical Microbiology Research Center of Shiraz Nemazi Hospital where they were recultured. The age of the patients was from1month up to 15 years (average 8 years). The Confirmed samples were kept in -70°C and finally the antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method. Sixty two samples of S. typhi were tested. All of samples were 100% sensitive to the tested antibiotics except cefuroxime, where in the latter case 18%were resistant, 12% were intermediate and 70% were sensitive. The results of this study showed that at the present time, the resistance to antibiotics of S. Typhi has decreased. However chloramphenicol, is recommended for the treatment of typhoid fever. All of the children respond favorably and clinically to the treatment with chloramphenicol.

Due to the common use of gentamicin in pregnant women for treatment of specific infectious diseases. The study was conducted on pregnant white N. MAR! female rabbits in order to find out its probable teratogenic effects on the testis. Forty rabbits, 32 females and 7males, all 6 months old were selected. Under the same experimental conditions, females were added to each group for copulation. All rabbits were fed with dry food, lettuce, carrot and water ad libitum. Each female was injected gentamicin sulfate intramuscularly for 8 days, 3 times a day after fertilization, vis; first group just after fertilization, the second 8 days post fertilization and the third 20 days post fertilization. Controls were not injected. Newborn females were divided into 2 groups, (10 in each group), based on the desired age: 3-day old newborns and adults. Histological studies showed that gentamicin at the predifferentiation and embryonic stages induced early maturation of the testis in 3 day newborns. These effects were more obvious and severe at embryonic stage. The effects were very mild at fetal stage. Exhausting and disturbing effects of drug on spermatogenetic trend were observed in adults, Specially at the embryonic stage. These effects were milder at fetal stage, appearing as retardation in spermatogenetic process.