PEYKE NOOR JOURNAL
Year:2007 | Volume:5 | Issue:1 (SOCIAL SCIENCES)|Papers Count:12

Iran is located in a dry and droughty area and this fact has had effects on the forming of societies and its social system. In this society not only formation of the society but also system of power and social hierarchy, jobs and economical activities, also common and legal regulations that control the social relationships were under the influence of water and irrigation neccesities. Then in the history of Iran society two social basis can be recognized; water as a natural element, and irrigation as a technological element.According to a geographical approach Iran can be divided into two big regions: eastern region that is droughty and western region that is wet. The difference between the degree of social importance of traditional irrigation in these two regions clearly show the social functions of irrigation methods in the structure of social systems in them.Research findings show that there has been a close relationship between supplying water for agriculture in Iran and political system and then social system in different historical periods and the interference of the government in the costly job of supplying water, that needed organization and concentrated management, was necessary and it lead to establishment of despotic political systems in the country. The subject of this paper is this important sociological question that whether transition of traditional irrigation systems to modern ones is possible without financial support of the government. If the interference of the government is inevitable, concerning the historical background, what are the possible consequences.

Participation of people in running and controlling social and political affairs has been in the center of attention, disscusion and thought of thoughtful people and politicians. The way of people’s participation in democratic systems on one hand and its limitations on the other hand, have made the grounds for the theoreticians to look at the subject from different points of view.The purpose of this study, studying the multi lateral speech society in modern world and reflections on its different approaches, is presenting epistemologycal way for it.

The main objective of this paper is to explore the views of the students towards local and foreign mass media. Is the tendancy of the students towards local and foreign mass media and the availability of them is related to some variables such as age, gender, university that they are studying at, marital status, the place of residence. Educational semester, being local, job and education of parents, satisfaction of the family, and having a bad background of educational performance, or not? To answer these questions 600 students were randomly chosen as the samples including 300 students of the University of Mohaghegh-e-Ardebili and 300 students of the Islamic Azad University of Ardebil. Then they were provided with questionaires. The results show that among the non-written mass media TV is the most attractive one for the students, and newspapers among the written ones is the most interesting. Tendency to watch satellite was 22.8% among the students, but about 4.7% of them have access to it. The most favorable programs of foreign radios were news and music among the students. Also students listen to the programme Golbang-e- Sabalan among the programmes of local radio of Ardebil, but about 84% of the students do not use local newspapers.

Every year a number of young Iranians to continue their education go to foreign countries. These people who live for from their families in a foreign country usually face some problems. Recoqnition of these educational, financial, cultural and psychological problems and solving them is necessary concerning the cultural, political and economic aspects.This paper is a descriptive research in which it has been tried to recognize and categorize the problems that Iranian students are facing in Ukraine in different methods such as questionnaires, interviews and observations.The questions of this paper are as follows:2- How can Iranian students in Ukraine be categorized concerning their gender, age, marital status and the field of study.3-What is the most common problems that they are suffering from? Are they educational, financial, psychological or cultural.4-What do they usually do in their free times.5-What are their problems at the time of education.What are their problems after returning back to Iran.The results show that their problems in accordance to the degree of importance are as follows- Being for from the family (the average 4.21, too much)- Costs of life are expensive (average 3.90, many)- Possibility of rejecting the degree they possessd in Iran (average 3.67, many)- Lack of complete understanding of the lessons because they are presented in Kussian language (average 3.38, many)- Delay in the transfer of the money that their families sent to them (average 3.40, many).- Lack of sufficient educational and welfare facilities in the universities of Ukraine (3.31& 3.18, many)- Cultural differences of two countries (3.03, many) at the end of this paper some suggestione are given.

This study is a research on the self- immolation of the people who were hospitalized at Ghotbal-Dinn-e-Shirazi hospital during the years 1377-1381 (1998-2002 A.D) in a retrospective way, by using descriptive statistical method, percent, median, mean, and inferential statistics qui square. During the above mentioned years in average about 342 people who committed self-immolation were hospitalized in this hospital. This is 68 people per year. Minimum numbers of self-immolation was in the year 1379 (2000 A.D) and the maximum belonged to 1381 (2002 A.D). The average age of committed people who were injured was about 27.11 years.57.9% of them were between 16 to 25 and 20.2% between 26 to 35.Concerning their jobs 76.6% were housewives, 15.8% did not have a certain Job, 4.1% students, 1.2% University Students, 0.9% Labourers, 1.2% others and 0.3% were unemployed.67.5% were married and 32.5% single. The calculations did not show any relationships between self-immolation and the seasons of the year. The rate of commitment among the women who lived in cities was more than ones who were living in villages. Also self-immolation and self-immolation resulted in death among the married women were more than single ones. In the end the study has confirmed the increment of self-immolation during those 5 years with the reliabity of more than 95%.

The subject of the present study is testing the point of view of women who live in Golestan province towards the social participation. Statistical society of this research are the women between 15 to 59.Samples of about 857 people, separated by their cities and villages were collected by applying measuring the present data.The findings show that concerning the kind of participation (economic, political, cultural) the women have different ideas, and on the whole more women like social participation.In this way the education plays an important role so that other social features such as marital status, nationality, religion, are under its influence. Women from different nationalities do not have different points of view and religion does not either. Also there is not a big difference between the women of cities and village, married and single, employed and housewives.

Family is the smallest and most important social foundation that makes the future generation, but this constructive environment has a strong enemy that is called divorce. This enemy destroys the safe and cosy environment of the family that is necessary for the basic needs of the children. One of the disadvantages of this enemy is the tendency of children towards addiction. One of the known causes of tendency towards addiction is divorce. Since the children feel that they lost their guide in life and because of their immaturity they easily are influenced by others. The present study is attempting to recognize the situations in which the tendency towards addiction is higher among the children of divorce.The present paper is applied one and to do it the descriptive method has been used. The statistical socity were all the children, young adults and youths who commited crimes and during the years 2000-2003 were sent to Tehran reeducation center. Their parents were divorced and addicted or they may had tendency towards addiction. The tool of collecting the data was a questionnaire with to questions and the information of their profiles of them. In order to infer the data the descriptive statistical methods including central tendency and percentage were used, and to generalize concieving results of this study inductive approach using qui-2 test was used.The results showed that the seperation of the parents while having teenage children could have more effects on their tendencies towards the addiction.Illiteracy of the parents, unemployment of the father and economical poverty could have been counted as the effective factors of the tendency of the children towards the addiction.

The objective of this survey is studying the factors that are affecting national identity of the students of the Payam-e-Noor university of Shiraz.The theoretical model has been taken from “Social Identity Approach” by Tajfel and Turner, and national identity and understanding the membership in a national group (category) have been defined.A sample of 350 undergraduate students was chosen by simple random sampling and the data has been gathered by questionnaire.Findings of the data analysis show that democratic socialization in the family, strengthens the national identity. Women and those who were born in villages are socialized in this way. The wider the communication network, the stronger the national identity. The communication network is stronger and wider among married people than singles and is so among the members of groups and voluntary socities than those who are not members in similar groups. Among the mass media listening to local radios strengthens the national identity and listening to foreign radios weakens it.

This paper after giving a definition of obeying the law and its characteristics discusses the importance of law and the need to practice it in the society from different approaches. Then the results of a field study on soo citizens of Tabriz are presented. This study showed that the percentage of obeying the law in Tabriz is about 57%, and a meaningful statistical relationship between the degree of obeying the law and variables related to gender and jobs has not been observed, but there was a meaningful statistical relationship between the variables of literacy and age. This paper has studied the point of view of Tabriz citizens about effective factors in obeying the law.

About half of the population of the country are women. According to the last statistics issued by Examination Organization of Iran more than 63% of the people who were admitted to higher education centers are women as well. In the present time that the rate of unemployment is high, the opportunity of the people who have higher education degrees is more than others. Then the rate of unemployment among men is more than women and this makes to problems for the society. First, according to the customs existing in society and our religion men are the bread winners, then accepting the fact that women should do men’s duty is very difficult. Second, in the near future the number of women with higher education will be for more than single high educated men. Then educated women want to marry to educated men that with a quick look at the statistics it will be impossible and the marriage problem of the educated women will become a big sociological problem. Sociological changes in the last 20 years, also accepting the Convention of removing all forms of discrimination of women by Islamic Republic of Iran made a change in the educational and employment situation of women. To fight this problem we have to change the general opinion of the society by cultural solutions and accept the consequences of great number of single educated women like other industrial societies.