STRATEGY FOR CULTURE
Year:2016 | Volume:9 | Issue:33 |Papers Count:7

Hijab, as a social action, on the one hand, is under the influence of cultural, social political and economic structures and, on the other, it is affected by social actors. In the post-revolution years, due to domestic vulnerability and foreign threats, one of the important problems has been the gradual fading away of the culture of chastity and hijab. Every public problem has different causes. It seems that one of the important reasons for emergence, continuation and lack of settlement of a problem can be the policy and performance of the officials. Regarding lack of proper observance of hijab, besides other reasons, one may refer to the weaknesses among the policymakers and executives and the policies at the level of implementation. The findings of this research show that the main problem at this level is “differences of opinion among policymakers and executives in charge of management of lack of proper observance of hijab”. The main objective of this paper is to identify and classify the mindsets of the policymakers and executives in field of management of lack of proper observance of hijab in Iran. Q Methodology was employed to test the hypotheses. The statistical population consisted of policymakers and executives in field of managing lack of proper observance of hijab. 26 officials were contacted and through factor analysis five mindsets were found, i. e. executive-oriented, policy-oriented, approach-oriented, populists, and the bewildered.

Sequestration of experience is a continuous and invisible process that deprives human beings of some experiences and interactions on the pretext of maintaining man’s cosmological security and keeping him away from anxieties and worries. However, the said deprivation and quarantining of experiences damages a significant part of man’s existential and social dimensions and ironically increases his anxiety. The objective of this paper is to study the meanings and lived experiences of social actors of sequestered experiences as well as identification of the context of emergence and spread of sequestration of experience and understanding the consequences of it for the social actors. Qualitative research method (grounded theory method) was used which attained theoretical saturation after conduction in-depth interviews with 12 people. The samples were selected through theoretical sampling based on most diverse strategy. The contents of the interviews were analyzed after open, thematic and selective coding and the semantic units, main categories and central cores were identified. The findings of the research show that “deliberate forgetting” is the central core of the lived experiences of people of their sequestered experiences. Also “self-centeredness” is the main reason for spread of sequestration of experience and “reinforcement of self-centeredness” and “decline of emotion”, particularly “dehumanization” is the main consequence of sequestration of experience. In conclusion one may say that sequestration of experience causes loss of peace and tranquility of social actor through elimination of some interactive and emotional experiences.

Religious propagation is one of the most effective tools for strengthening values and behaviors related to health and good quality of life. The objective of this article is to identify the approaches of religious preachers and those of their audience to explanation of health-related issues in their religious speeches. Qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. In the qualitative section, semi-organized interviews were conducted with 19 preachers of Shia Islam residing in the city of Qum. The data were analyzed through theoretical codification relying on phenomenology and data-driven theorization. The finding of this section indicate that all preachers pay attention to mental aspects of health. But, they consider physical aspects of health and environmental issues irrelevant to religious occasions, to expectations of the audience and that of their role. Also other issues such as lack of enough expertise, lack of financial and intellectual support by government institutions and lack of acceptance by the audience have been mentioned as other reasons. In the second section, through a survey, 116 audiences who almost regularly attended the religious speeches in the mosques of the city of Qum were interviewed. The findings of this section indicate that 85 percent of the audience of religious propagations maintain that the preachers mainly deal with the mental elements of health, while, if they discuss other aspects of health, it will be interesting and effective for them. The findings also show that the understanding of the religious preaches are not concomitant with the expectations of their audience.

A glancing study of the surveys of religiosity assessment since 1990s in Iran shows a shift in the approach of scholars of religion from application of Western Christian models of religiosity assessment to indigenous Islamic models. Nevertheless, despite the fact that the indigenous models are based on experience of religiosity in Iran, the differences in these models and several shortcomings in their principles and fundamentals, make it necessary to conduct precise research in order to develop principles and fundamentals of indigenous models. The present paper is an attempt to explain the principles of social model of religiosity assessment in Iran. Its results can be presuppositions for developing an indigenous model, particularly through a sociological approach. Thus, by explaining seven fundamental issues (including, possibility or necessity of religiosity assessment; possibility of developing a general model of religiosity assessment for special purpose; role of culture in developing an assessment model; etc. ), their answers have been extracted as principles for developing a religiosity assessment model, including impossibility of developing a general model of religiosity assessment for special purpose; taking into consideration the culture, customs and traditions of Iranian society in developing the assessment model; and the necessity of attaching due significance to theology in the assessment model.

The present paper is an attempt to study the impacts of pilgrimage on positive and negative aspects of loneliness among university students. A Total of 389 students in two groups, i. e. pilgrim students (test group including 60 male and 151 female) and non-pilgrim students (control group 59 male and 119 female) were selected from three universities in Tehran through available sampling method. The tools used included Iran Loneliness Questionnaire, Spiritual-Religious Loneliness Questionnaire, and Religious Orientation Scale. The results of the research were analyzed through covariance analysis by studying each subscales and by taking into account the balancing role of religious orientation and gender. The findings indicate that pilgrimage (particularly going on pilgrimage to Imam Reza’s Shrine), a religious behavior, reduced the negative impacts of loneliness among the people with weaker religious orientation through establishing emotional and spiritual relations between the pilgrim and the Saint. Moreover, among the people with higher religious orientation, pilgrimage caused an increase in positive aspects of loneliness among women and a decrease in positive aspects of loneliness among men.

The objective of this paper is to study the relationship between Perception of paternal Rejection–Acceptance and Control on Moral Intelligence and Distress Tolerance of the residents of Isfahan City. A Total of 195 men and women of 20-30 years of age were selected through random sampling. The Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire (Adult PARQ), MCI and Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) were used. Path Analysis as well as descriptive-correlational research method were employed. The findings of the research indicate that the direct path between perception of parental rejection and acceptance with moral intelligence, perception of paternal rejection and perception of maternal control with distress tolerance as well as moral intelligence with distress tolerance is significant. On the other hand, perception of parental rejection and acceptance through moral intelligence has very low indirect impact on distress tolerance. The findings also show the impact of perception of parental rejection and acceptance on moral intelligence. Distress tolerance also is influenced by perception of maternal rejection and paternal control as well as moral intelligence.

From the beginning of Islamic Revolution, women’s education related to their social status, has been an important subject from the viewpoint of policy makers, administrators, legislators and elites. Present research studied the produced knowledge in the field of women’s education from the beginning of revolution up to now aiming to reveal the trend of the issue. By using meta-analysis, all relevant researches including books, articles, research reports and dissertations have been examined since 1357 onwards, using data of National Library of Iran, IRANDOC and Noormags. The results confirm that most of the researches on the field of women’s education have paid attention to the issue of high education, employment and escalating skill. The connection between education and employment is one of the focal points of researches and reveals the alignment of knowledge and the field of administration.