Geography
Year:2014 | Volume:12 | Issue:41|Papers Count:19

Excessive growth of towns and cities is caused by a variety of factors and forces that can be traced in correlated chain. In fact, one of the most dramatic and well-known factors involved in the process, is in one hand, the unwelcomed movement of population, and in other hand, inappropriate centralization of amenities and resources in the cities, especially in metropolitan areas. The two related phenomena, namely urban sprawl and gobbling (up) the scarce natural resources, considered as complementary to the process of irregular growth of urban centers, are closely linked in deterioration of peripheral rural lands. If in fact most insufficiencies of metropolitan areas are not caused by these two phenomena, many fundamental urban environmental problems and physic-spatial issues can be traced in their background effects. This article besides reviewing these phenomena, discusses some measures which instead of helping to sustain urban environments, lead to more complexities and disordered and uneven urban spaces. The Darband-Kashanak Axis, including 15 former rural distinct spheres, is an example of deterioration of natural landscapes, caused by inappropriate and unplanned sprawl of metropolitan areas. The results of the study reveal that the expedite growth of metropolitan area, through rapid constructions in the area, have changed dramatically the local indigenous harmonic landscape, containing a beautiful and fertile section of well-known landscape of alborz mountains, into a conflicting and perverted urban space. Continuation of this process, led not only to disordered physiognomy of this axis, but in near future would metamorphose its natural and cultural vision.

Participation in the country's presidential elections, a sign of loyalty to the current regime, and they are satisfied with the system and trying to get better at governing the country. Turnout in presidential elections in the Islamic Republic of Iran is a high percentage that reflects the people's confidence in the existing governance system and hope for better things in the country are of different dimensions, However, this contribution is very different in different provinces and provinces that have higher rates of development in the central parts of the country have higher participation rates than provinces that border areas are. The purpose of this study contribute to the overall national presidential elections XI is the 11 courses available information and statistics in the Department of the Interior and other agencies in order to assist this research has been In this study the statistics of statistical tables relating to the obtaining of Tehran and Tehran Province analyzed separately and under exposed.

The constant measurement and assessment of social changes and impacts of immense and labor intensive industrial activities such as oil and gas in peripheral population centers, particularly in developing countries is essential for reducing the negative social impacts which is considered as a hindrance for accomplishing the social sustainability and safety for these activities. Because the flow of male population from different parts of the country, with various characters looking for job opportunity, although supplying the adequate human labor but can bring about social problems for the destiny. Therefore this research paper with descriptive-analytical methods attempts to assess the social impacts of South Pars Industrial activities in its peripheral population centers.The available official data as well as data collected by the land survey were used for this research. Population sample include 2oo head of the family. Factor analysis was used as a suitable method for gaining a better result. The results from descriptive analysis show the effect of migrant population in change of population character of the study area. But the close investigation based on correlation between the indicators show that the changes in population characters not only brought about harmful social impacts such as more addiction but unexpectedly have not caused social sustainability too. So due to the importance of this industry and in order to measure and control the negative impacts of this industry the constant and close investigation of population and social changes are strongly suggested.

As a biologic and social phenomenon, disability is a fact that both industrial and non-industrial countries, apart from their level of development, are faced with. Also, regarding the increased life-expectancy level in the developed and developing countries including Iran, size of the middle-aged and old population of the world, who constitute the motor disabled group is increasing. Paying attention to the living needs of these groups in the social environment, i.e. in the urban public spaces, can help them to live independently and without other’s helps, which it in turn may result in more dynamic life for such demographic groups. Thus, organizing and improving urban public spaces, with regard to the needs of the disabled and motor disabled individuals, have become one of necessities in each community, particularly in our society where another group, wounded-in-action (WIA), after Ira-Iraq War was added to two mentioned groups. This study aims at identifying and analyzing macro, medium and micro effective components of activation or declination of the public spaces in order to bring about civil rights for the disabled, as citizens, and also the capacity to use urban public spaces. It is an applied study based on descriptive-analytic methods.

This study was performed using the descriptive-analytic research method to assess various relationships among the physical form of urban places and development of electronic places in the context of social, economic and physical processes. By providing a valid and reliable theoretical basis, the conceptual framework of the study was examined in a case study (District 6 of Tehran Municipality was selected because of its existing virtual potentials) by going through scientific steps. In expanding different viewpoints, the highest level of advantage was taken from the theoretical approach to the social and political constructs of technology. The primary objectives of the research were also determined based on the results of assessment of the viewpoint of citizens on the influence of development of virtual spaces on economic, social and physical processes. Results indicated that the rate of usage of some virtual services (such as the Internet, banks and institutes electronic network, spending leisure time, city electronic portal, etc.) is high among citizens. In addition, results of the assessment of the viewpoints of citizens on the positive effects of development of the cyber technology on economic, sociocultural and physical processes showed that development of the cyber technology has a positive effect on these processes. Therefore, development of virtual spaces and transition from conventional processes provides for overcoming temporal and physical obstacles and limitations in the district. It also will drastically reduce the frequency of physical visits paid by citizens to receive services.

The town of Amlash is located in Eastern Guilan province. This town enjoys many tourist attractions with beautiful landscapes and is rich in registered ancient monuments. However, this town is located in blind region, and the local authorities fail to heed to planning, introducing its tourist attractions, and developing the infrastructures. Due to these factors, tourists have little information about the potentials of the town. As a result, tourism in Amlash has faded. The present research intends to plan on tourism attractions in Amlash using a modern management system and designate plans and measures in order to introduce the attraction and develop tourism, consequently. In studying and testing the hypotheses, P ratio in Z test has been used. Using the results of questionnaire, the hypotheses were tested with 95% of confidence. Regarding the results reached and hypotheses testing, the capability of Amlash tourist attractions and the role of BSC model have been approved in developing and thriving tourism in the town. With natural and historical assets, Amlash has the capability of developing tourism through the attention of local authorities and strategic planning by a modern approach to strategic management namely balanced scaling. Accordingly, developing job opportunities, gaining public participation, institutionalizing the culture of tourist acceptance, systematizing different methods of advertisement, making suitable arena for gaining private sector, and consequently, strengthening the infrastructure that will result in the attraction of domestic and foreign tourists and the growth of the town.

Super Heavy rains and abnormal floods In dry areas with low rainfall and sparse vegetation In most cases, led to occurrence of unpredictable heavy flooding and every year create a lot of damage in the Sector of, infrastructure, construction and agriculture, For central, eastern, and southeastern Iran. In this paper, was paid to Synoptic Analysis of super Heavy Rainfall 90 mm leads to flooding On 2 February, 2011 in Jiroft city. First, Mentioned precipitation, was detected from ground stations. And then using data from the upper atmosphere and associated mapping, was analyzed super Heavy rainfall in Jiroft city. Exist of Multi-core low pressure with Axis of north - south On central Iran, Stretch of Very deep trough with Axis of northeast - southwest On Russia, Turkey, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and the Red Sea and located area of The study under region of the divergence above, Establishment Of negative core eddy At all levels of the atmosphere On Jiroft, Top side weather at all levels That led to rising air and instability, and vorticity values that Indicates Divergence and upward air flow for all levels of atmosphere, also large thickness atmosphere that Indicates Warm front over the region, In addition to, Establishment of the great jetstream of polar front And integration with jetstreams that located in Africa From the West And jetstram in southeast Asia from the East Lead to increase instability and create Unstable atmospheric conditions for the city of Jiroft. The main sources of humidity super heavy rainfall Jiroft in Levels 500 and 700 hP are the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. But in the levels of 850 and 1000 hP, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, Play a major role to supply humidity for heavy rainfall.

Lack of emergency equipment’s and facilities to rescue mission crews as well as lack of access in Iran’s rural settlements and the isolation of rural entities with respect to security services have led to many casualties and damages. Taking into consideration the uneconomic nature of fire station location in rural areas, optimum location of decision may result in an increase in efficiency and security of these places. This study aims to assign the appropriate villages for locating fire station in Bookan. This in turn, requires the investigation of present status of villages regarding these security and emergency measures. This demands the application of ANP. The research method is based on descriptive - analytical method. Our community target is all of Bookan villages out of which six villages were selected. This study suggests that the current statuses of these security services are very un-appropriate and do not follow scientific pattern. Moreover, Dashband, Noubar, Gelolan and Javanmard possess high priorities regarding security locational measures as opposed to Sarighamish and Nachit which possess the least priorities.

Urban areas with features such as constant change and dynamism and Social and economic situations will evaluate. The evolution and dynamics for locational circumstances in Developed and developing countries are different and developed and shaped under specific Processes and mechanisms. In the present study, using different texts, documents method and with differential urbanization model study urban development in national level and metropolitan area. The results of this study show that urban regions in their growth and development process like cities contains of urbanization, polarization reversal and counterurbanization phases. With attention to survey of differential urbanization modeling some countries with various social economic structures, this model can be used as a capable model for analysis of urban development phases in national and metropolitan scales. Also polarization reversal phase in this model is one of most important attributes of this model can be used for analysis of urban development processes especially in developing countries.

Rural tourism is one of the important subparts of tourism. This part of tourism can a development strategy to improve the social and economic well being of rural areas. Thus, the planners must know rural tourism as motor growth and put it in their rural development program. This research with offering Synthetic model In Rural Tourism Development Planning tries to get through and use of field - documentary method in data collection and analytic - descriptive study in central area of Boyerahmad province, and with fulfillment models of Z-score and taxonomic analysis, by using of GIS, SPSS, Excel softwares to the setting layer, to promoting a higher grade, recognition of the level rural spaces for tourism industry development in research scope at a result space structural dominant in 29 tourism scopes and priorities has on the assessment of abilities into the process of rural tourism space development until it is used in zone scale. In this case executed strategies were offered in structural and spatial organization development governs on rural tourism scope.

Restrictions and seasonal attractions of the area can lead to confusion and perhaps cut the tourists from the region, the season of the visit is inappropriate. Therefore, it is necessary, suitable tourism zone is specified for each season. In this study to determine the suitable zone for tourism in the four seasons, the two models have been used bioclimatic (TCI) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). bioclimatic model (TCI), 7 of climatic parameters for climatic conditions, is used.: Average monthly rainfall, average temperature, average relative humidity, Maximum temperature, minimum relative humidity, mean daily sunshine hours and wind speed While the hierarchical analysis, we tried to consider the impact of climate indicators Attractions in every season. Finally, by comparing model output with reality in the region, was determined Analysis of the hierarchical model, suggest that the actual zones more than bioclimatic model, for tourists.

Study and Survey culture geographic field and factors - and study their roles in the creation and stabilization of state has always attracted the attention of researchers. With pay attention to cultural context, each nation based on their specific cultural geography defines and pursue their ideology, religion and ideology. so, the study of spatial differences Geographical culture factors indifferent states and regions are important. In Iran so far, doesn’t study suggestibility the Shiite from environmental and human characteristics of Iran plateau. So, In this study, is explained the suggestibility of shiism religion cultural component in Iran from geographical factors, such as the interaction between rise the shiism in Iran and natural sites on the; and natural defenses and physical spaces as well as the impact of geographical distance. This research reveals that, in the study of culture, historical geography, political and intellectual movement should be take consider the impacts of the physical geography areas and components. Particularly, environmental and physical of Iran plateau have play direct role in the rise cultural landscape of Iran, particularly in shiism religion.

Information Technology as a set of skills has an increasing importance in all aspects of daily life of rural areas. Considering this, it is tried to investigate the importance of using IT in managing the Iranian villages, and studying the village administrators’ level of skills in taking advantage of IT, the impact of geographical factors, and personal qualities of the village administrators in their level of skills. For this purpose the descriptive analytical method was used and the information and data were gathered through documentary and field work research. Based on the theoretical framework, the questionnaires were prepared and the survey was carried out. The final questionnaire was filled out by 16 and 33 village administers of Galoogah city and Behshahr respectively. The statistical analysis of the results of the survey reveals that there is no a significant difference among the village administers of these two cities in terms of enjoying IT skills. The research findings have also shown that with 95% certainty there is a significant difference of 0.008 between their education level and their skills in using IT. However, there was no correlation between geographical parameters and IT usage in the region. These parameters included the distance of the village and the city, and the center of the province, the type of the road and access, topographic situation and the facilities in the villages.

In the age of cultural globalization, those identifying values which have dynamism, fluidity and higher transmission power have a greater chance for duration. Shia school of thought and Iranian identity are the most manifest features of the current Iranians identity which can protect the Iran’s national duration against globalization phenomenon by unity and national solidarity. From the view of the Political Geography Iranians have two rifts; ethnic and denominative which become more perceptible in this time due to increased awareness and It can be said that getting through one of them (Shiite and Iranian identity) and ignorring the other one will result in creation of national rift.This paper, by descriptive and analytic method will describe that Iran security and national duration, in long-term period will achieve by simultaneous reliance on Shia school of thought (linking the various ethnic and linguistic groups especially in the central plateau of Iran around common denomination) and Iranian identity (linking different denominative groups around common linguistic-racial identity).