JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
Year:2010 | Volume:5 | Issue:2|Papers Count:14

The present investigation was performed In order to determine the tick species of goats, reared in cities of Zanjan province, from October 2006 (Mehr1386) to September 2007 (Shahrivar 1386).Seasonal variation of tick population and tick species on goats body surface were also searched. Overall 1800 goats of both sexes were examined for tick infestation from 7 cities and their suburbs in Zanjan province. The results were statistically analyzed by infestation. The results revealed 106 (5.89%) goats were infested by ticks.The highest percentage of the goat tick infestation was observed during june 2007 (Khordad1386), while the lowest percentage was observed during February 2006 (Bahman1385).There was a significant difference (p<0.005) in the tick population of goats during the seasons and months of the year under study ou t of 405 ticks collected from goats.The identified species were as follows: Rhipicephalus bursa (32.59%), Rh. sanguineus (18.27%), Hy. an. anatolicum (15.06%), D. marginatus (14.57%), Hy. an. excavatum (12.1%), O. lahorensis (2.96%), Ha. punchtata (2.72%) and Ha. sulcata (1.73%).Distribution of ticks over different parts of goat body surface was respectively as follows, according to its frequencies: Ear and surrounding areas of ear (28.88%), tail region (28.15%), inguinal region (25.92%) and axillary region (17.04%).The difference of tick site preference was significantly (p<0.05).

In order to investigate distribution of behavioral disorders (stable vices) in horses, present study was conducted on 115 male horses in Tabriz area. 52.18% of horses showed behavioral disorders that Khouzestan Arabs horses showed more behavioral disorders (63.64%) and hybrid horses showed less behavioral disorders (39.13%). Also most observed behavioral disorders, were "aggressiveness" and "crib-biting". Behavioral disorders prevalence were increased with increasing of age significantly (p<0.05). In crowded and noisy places and in riding clubs with a lot of new horse entrance and various management, a high amount of behavioral disorders were seen. Also, horses that spent more time in their stables showed more behavioral disorders, significantly (p<0.05).

Ivermectin is a macrocyclic lactone widely used as an antiparasitic agent in domestic animals to the treatment of some nematodes and is considered the drug of choice for lymphatic filariasis and river blindness (onchocerciasis) in humans. A number of studies have shown that ivermectin has anticonvulsant effect in a range of animal seizure models. It is likely that the anticonvulsant effects are mediated via the GABAA receptor. Binding studies showed that ivermectin binds to the different sites of GABAA receptor. Lindane, an organochlorine insecticide, is widely used as a pesticide in agriculture and ectoparasites in human and veterinary medicine. It has been shown that lindane is a seizure-induced agent in animals and humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ivermectin on lindane-induced seizure in mice. In this experimental study, animals pretreated with different doses of ivermectin (10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg) intraperitonealy, 90 min before intraperitonealy injection of lindane (50 mg/kg). After injection of lindane, clonic and tonic seizure was investigated. Our results showed that ivermectin dose dependently decreased lindane-induced seizure. Ivermectin 20 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg had least (p<0.05) and greatest (p<0.001) anticonvulsant effects, respectively. Our results suggest that ivermectin had anticonvulsant activity probably via effect on GABAA receptor.

There is a direct relationship among normal range of Calcium, Phosphorus, Protein, Globulin, Albumin and egg production and scabbing. In present study, serumal of about parameters were tested on 18th, 30th and 60th week (in the beginning, pick of and near to the end of the production) in order to be used in distributing the order of rationing and increasing the output and production. In this survey 3 farm of white leghorn breed were selected. All of them had a clear illness record. 30 blood samples of each farm add the age of 18, 30, 60 week were collected from wing vein. And their sera separated by centrifuging and then above biochemical parameters were measured. Results showed that the Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Protein and Globulin concentration during 30th and 60th week were significantly increased compared with 18th week group (p<0.05). Beside by aging increasing is resulted. Whereas Calcium, corrected Calcium, Albumin concentration were significantly decreased in two this groups compared with 18th week group.  Evaluation of the serum level Phosphorus did not reveal statistically significant differences in 30th and 60th week compared with 18th week group. So it can be concluded that for increasing the range of production and the quality of the eggs controlling the serumal rang of the above parameters and rationing are required.

This research was done to study Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteriuom bifidum in soy milk and soy milk had been produced separately and in combination. In the first stage, we used sample soy milk, and for the this, we used Lactobacillus acidophilus. To the second sample of soy milk, Bifidobacterium bifidum and to the third sample at the same time Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum as the starter added to the salmples. Resulted changes in injected soy milk were registered considering acidity indexes and biological ability of probiotic bacteria in 2-hour and 3-day time interval respectively in incubation. Lactobacillus acidophilus reach 42 degree of dormice sooner than Lactobacillus acidophilus - Bifidobacterium bifidum and the resulted soy milk was rancidity. Then we used the flavored soy milk (with melon flavor) with lower pH indices used for one liter. This study showed that soy milk with Lactobacilus acidophilus and then sample whit Lactobacillus acidophilus - Bifidobacterium bifidum need the less time for reach to 42 degree Dournic acidity of sample with Bifidobacterium biphidium and the produced soy milk with Bifidobacterium biphidium has better flavor than another one. The productions had not suitable flavor. And the production whit flavored soy milk (with melon flavor) was better than simple soy milk in flavor.

In the present study, the possible role of M.haemolytica as a causative agent of sheep pneumonia in Garmsar province was investigated. For this purpose, samples were taken from 120 slaughtered sheep (60 non- pneumonic and 60 pneumonic) with refer to Garmsar slaughter house. Before sampling and culturing, age, sex and location of lesions, were recorded. Based on acquired results, none of the lungs understudy was positive for M.haemolytica, while other bacteria (Pseudomonas, Proteus, Arcanobacterium Pyogenes, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Streptococcus, Escherichia Coli, Pasteurella trehalosi) were isolated from lungs with or without lesions. Among of non-pneumonic lungs 9(15%) were accompanied by bacterial isolation, In contrast, out of 60 pneumonic lungs bacteria were isolated from 54 (90%) lungs. It seems that some factors such as climatic, seasonal and breed differences have a role in disagreement between our results and other studies.

Bcl-2 plays an important role in apoptosis regulation of solid tumors, such as colon and breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine bcl-2 expression on aberrant crypt foci epithelial following treatment with Calendula officinalis extract. In this study, 56 male wistar rats with approximate age of 12 weeks and 200-300g weight were randomly allocated into two equal groups (treatment & control). For induction of colorectal carcinoma these two groups were injected by 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (40mg/kg) subcutaneously (2 injection/week for two weeks). Treatment group simultaneously received orally the Calendula officinalis extract (200mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks, tissue specimens were collected from distal parts of colon in both experimental groups and 3-4? m thick microscopic sections were prepared through immunohistchemistry staining method.  Immunohistopathologi cal study revealed that expression of BCL2 protein in aberrant crypt foci of colon in treatment group in comparison with control group was lesser. Mean difference between two experimental groups was significant (p<0.01). This in-vivo study indicated that BCL2 protein expression decreases in aberrant crypt foci epithelial cells of experimental colorectal carcinoma in rats following orally administration of Calendula officinalis extract.

In this study 20 turkeys were slaughtered then heads detached from body. Roof of cranium removed and full brain that cerebellum attached to that moved to 10% inactive formalin. Some samples were choice for anatomical studies. Cerebellum's appearance, dimension, color and shape were evaluated. Some samples used for histological studies and tissue sections stained with four following methods; H & E, Mallory, Periodic Acid Schiff staining method, Bielschowsky. Sections studied with light microscope. As result of anatomical study it became distinct that cerebellum located behind of longitudinal sulcus of cerebrum hemispheres. Cerebellum in turkey is similar to fly larva and nodular in front and extended in behind. Color of cerebellum is bright cream that contains 14 small transversal fissures (pleats). Cerebellum peduncles stretches to Brain Bridge and a pair of brain peduncle get out from cerebellum. A small tubercle is located in ventral part of cerebellum that is continues of upper pleats. White matter in cerebellum is located in middle part with tree shape, gray matter is located outer part and surrounded the white matter. Almost in all samples 6 main branches is present. Cerebellum doesn't have lobe and just have a vermis. Histological study has shown that cerebellum surface has very deep pleats. In gray matter there are three layers; molecular, purkinje and granular. Purkinje cell cytoplasm has been shown severe positive P.A.S reaction furthermore this condition was seen in cerebellum vessels (strong pink). Axons fibers in white matter get dark filiform shapes and in granular layer dark filiform fiber has been shown in some parts. In Mallory staining collagen fibers in cerebellum vessels and pia matter obtained blue color, white matter in this staining get numerous amount of orange colored.

Embryonic death is known as one of the most critical factors in financial loss of Ostrich farms. Bacterial contamination of fertile eggs is the most common cause of this problem. The majority of bacteria that were cultured from mortalities in ostrich hatcheries included the ubiquitous bacteria. A few of these bacteria can cause inflammation in the reproductive tract and enter into eggs consequently. The aim of this research which has been done for the first time in the country was to study the status of bacterial contamination of ostrich hatcheries.A total of 120 samples in a weekly manner were collected from three ostrich hatchery units during a 3 month period. After disinfection of eggs' shells in laboratory, the eggs were opened at their air chambers area near the flame. Then, the dead embryos were dissected and samples were collected from different organs. Detection of isolates was done using standard bacteriological techniques and based on their biochemical specifications.Bacterial contaminations were detected in 56 (%46.6) out of 120 samples. More than one type of bacteria was detected in 25 (44.6%) contaminated samples. The status of observed bacteria in samples was as follows: Pseudomonas spp. (23.3%), Escherichia coli (20%), Klebsiella spp. (7.5%), Bacillus spp. (5.8%), Citrobacter spp. (5%), Staphylococcus spp. (5%), Proteus spp. (3.3%), Aeromonas spp. (0.8%), Enterobacter spp. (0.8%). No bacterial contaminations were deceted in 53.3% of 120 samples.In conclusion, it is recommended to reduce the contamination of ostrich fertile eggs sufficient attention should be paid to the sanitary conditions and managerial stan dards in breeder flocks during collection and preservation of fertile eggs and in hatchery facilities.

Supervision on bird's health Care which is on sale in the Isfahan City is of great importance because of its close and direct contact with people. In this study 412 Specimen of feces of the birds which are on sale in bird sellers were tested microscopically for detection of various Parasites contamination applying standard and regular floatation Method. 41 Cases were positive for parasites in cladding 32 cases contaminated with Oocyst of Eimeria equivalent 7.6%. 4 cases contaminated with egg of Raillietina 0.95 percent and 5 cases only contaminated with egg of Ascaridia galli 1.18 percent.

Dicrocoeliasis, one of the six more important helminth infections of ruminants cause reduction in animal production and condemnation of infected livers. Between January 2007 to end of December 2008 in 4 Easte Azarbayeja abattoirs and in each season the liver of 600 sheep and goats were examined for determination of prevalence and seasonality of Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Meanwhile in 120 condemned liver total number of worm were counted and recorded. Our findings revealed 32.8% of sheep and 23.6 % goats harbored D. dendriticum in their livers .Significant difference was noticed between the percentage of infection in sheep and goats (p=0.00016) Meanwhile the rate of infection in male and female (p=0.0001) and in different season(p=0.0003) was significant. Out of 120 condemned liver examined 20% harbored 1-100, 46.6%, 100-500, 14.16 %, 500-1000 and 19.6% more than 1000 D.

Gastritis is a common disease in dogs. According to studies, about 40% of dogs suffering from vomiting end up with chronic gastritis or those with no digestive symptoms reveal some levels of gastric histo-pathologic lesions. Studies on dogs and cats indicate that the most prevalent form of chronic gastritis is the lymphocytic plasmocytic form associated with lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and that the lesions are more likely to be seen in antrum. In order to assess chronic gastritis forms in stray dogs that seem to be at greater risk due to their probably poor nutrition and parasitic infections, this study as the first one in Iran was conducted on the antrum and body of the stomachs of 30 stray dogs killed under a culling program in Garmsar city assessing any possible correlation with the dog's age and sex. After the autopsy, histo-pathologic samples were prepared from the two areas, stained and finally examined. The results revealed that 56.6% of the dogs suffer from levels of chronic gastritis with the lymphocytic plasmacytic gastritis being the most common (50%) and hypertrophic gastritis the least common (6.6%). Antrum showed more lesions than body. Statistically there was no significant correlation between age groups or sexes with the disease. The results of this study indicate that chronic gastritis is respectively more prevalent in stray dogs than it is in other dogs; whereas poor nutrition and parasitic infections might be the reason behind this.