JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
Year:2010 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 (19)|Papers Count:17

Clostridium spp. especially Clostridium perfringens are pathogenic factors in human and animals. It was used novel approach based on polymerase chain reaction named densitometry technique for determining of Clostridium spp. bacteria frequency in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum of broiler. Digest contents were removed and extracted their DNA. It was obtained specific bands for detecting of Clostridium spp. and all bacteria using polymerase chain reactions. Then, it was determined relative population of Clostridium spp. relative to total gut bacteria by means of densitometry technique based on 16S ribosomal DNA approach. Result analysis was showed Clostridium spp. consists 0.36% of total duodenum bacteria. Also it was showed Clostridium spp. consists 0.20% of total jejunum bacteria. Mean while Clostridium spp. consists 1.15% of total ileum bacteria. Furthermore it was showed Clostridium spp. consists 3.72% of total cecum bacteria. Relative population of Clostridium spp. in lower segments i.e. ileum and cecum were higher than upper segments i.e. duodenum and jejunum. Meanwhile among different ages, the highest and lowest relative population of Clostridium spp. obtained in 4 and 14 of ages respectively. The lowest relative population of Clostridium spp. obtained in duodenum of broilers in 4d of ages (0.00016%). Also, the highest relative population of Clostridium spp. obtained in cecum of broilers in 4d of ages (4.87%). At all three studied 4, 14 and 30d of ages, the highest relative population of Clostridium spp. obtained in cecum and the lowest relative population of Clostridium spp. obtained in jejunum. From obtained results, it was showed Clostridium spp. populations are variable in various intestine segments and densitometry has efficiency for determining relative population of these of bacteria.

Furosemide is a loop diuretic that with affecting on ascending part of henles tubule, increase urine volume. With attention to direct effect of furosemide on Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels and cell functions (neuron, heart, muscle), it seems that the route of administration of furosemide, can influence the level of abovementhioned cations. When this drug can be effective that has minimum changes on electrolyte levels. In this study we compare the bolus injection versus continues infusion of furosemide on electrocardiogram changes and Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels of serum and urine. In this study, sixtheen domestic male dogs were selected randomally and divided to two groups. In group 1, bolus injection of furosemide (6mg/kg) and in group 2, continous infusion of furosemide with same dose were administrated. Then in both group before (time 0) and 30 minute, one, two, four and eight hour after injection, electrocardiogram were recorded and urine and serum electrolyte levels were collected. In electrocardiogram heart rate (HR), P wave duration (PD), P wave amplitude (PA), PR interval (PR int), QRS duration (QRS D), R amplitude (RA), ST segment (ST seg) and QT interval (QT int) were evaluated. Result showed that the urine level of sodium in bolus injection of furosemide significantly increased (p<0.05) compared with continuous infusion. Also we did not found any significant change in electrocardiogram. However study of cardiac function and electrolyte disturbance needs to more investigation.

Free radicals can be produced during the respiratory oxidation of different cells. These free radicals can damage to various macromolecules as protein, fat, nucleic acids and …, are harmful for body. The natural defence system that can prevent the damage of free radicals and nuteralize them, have tittled under the name of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and probably can change in some stress conditions such as number of parturient. In this respect, we have determined 100 dairy cattle (1 week before and after calving) and measured plasma TAC levels in them by ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method. The results were analyzed by ANOVA_ test and siginificant difference was shown between TAC levels of parturation number 4 and 5 with (p<0.001). also in each parturition plasma TAC level decreased in after calving to compare before same Calving.

Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that used for the treatment of a variety of tumors and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was investigated the effect of growth hormone on histomorphometerical parameters of testis after methotrexate administration in rat. In this experimental study, the eighty male wistar rat were selected and randomly divided into eight groups; control (n=20) and test (n=60). One and two test groups were received 0.3 mg/kg GH (IP) for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. Three and four test groups were received 1mg/kg MTX (IP) per week for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. Five and six test groups were received 1mg/kg MTX (IP) with 0.3mg/kg GH (IP) (MTX+GH) for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. However the one and two control groups just received normal saline (IP) for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. In 14 and 28 day, ten rats from each group were sacrificed and the testis was sampled after passing of above times and section providing, and was stained by H& E technique. Then, histologically and histomorphometerically parameters include: diameter of seminiferous tubules, thickness of epithelium of seminiferous tubules, thickness of interstitial tissue, and thickness of testicular capsule, were studied. Results of this study showed that methotrexate had destructive effects on testis tissue and spermatogenesis in test group compared with control group. Also, results showed that in 28 day after methotrexate administration diameter of seminiferous tubules and thickness of epithelium of seminiferous tubules significantly decreased (p<0.05), but thickness of interstitial tissue and thickness of testicular capsule significantly increased (p<0.05) compared with control group. GH administration had non significant effect on testis histomorphometery. In GH+MTX group, GH caused significantly (p<0.05) amelioration effects on testis histomorphometery and spermatogenesis compared with MTX group. Although the effect of methotrexate on spermatogenesis and unfertilization in human needs to be more investigation.

Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is one of the main disease in fowl which cause infections of respiratory system and tenosynovitis. Characterization and successful detection of MS in broiler breeder farms help to prevent distribution of MS in broiler farms. The aim of this study was isolation and characterization of MS in broiler breeder farms by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Thirty specimens which obtained from flocks with positive serum reactions were studied by culture and PCR techniques. After collecting of Choanal cleft and tracheal swabs in PPLO broth, a short-term incubation was occurred and then filtered and a serial passage was performed. In the fourth passage, all of the specimens cultured on PPLO agar, in addition, original specimens used to extract of DNA and MS-PCR technique. Results showed that 15.30 were positive by culture (Approved by using of standard MS specific antiserum) and 25.30 were positive by PCR. These observations highlight the higher sensitivity of PCR rather than culture. These results may be observed because of PCR ability to detect DNA after mycoplasma’s death. However positive results of culture obtained when there were not defect on swabbing and handling of specimens which can cause harmful effects on MS and accordingly suitable environment for growth of MS was exactly prepared.

In this research it is mostly paid attention to the effect of physiologicaly ghrelin and the role of Ghrelin in renal function which is the result of bacterial lipopolysaccharids (LPS) in rats. The number of 70 rats which have divided in 7 group for the experiment. firstly rats were IP injection of (LPS) by the amount of 20mg/kg B.W induced endotoxemia effects. Moreover Ghrelin by the amount of 4nmol befor and after the injection of LPS which is done by injection IP method. The result clearly illustrate that injection of Ghrelin could prevention the effects of LPS in renal function. In fact, with compared that of indicator group, the injection of two dose Ghrelin befor and after the injection of LPS leads to the deacrese significantly in the serum Creatinine concentration and also the injection of one dose Ghrelin before and 5 dose after the injection of LPS due to the reduce considerably in the serum Urea concentration (P<0.05). It would appear from the result that treatment with Ghrelin could correct the abnormalities of situation renal nephrotoxicity in endotoxemia with reduce the level of Urea and Creatinine concentration in blood serum.

Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus (BIV) belongs to the genus Lentivirus of the family Retroviridae comprising 3 main structural genes of gag, pol and env. For determination of genetic relationship of env gene of BIV in Iran with those in other countries firstly fragments 490 bp corresponding to env from 5 samples amplified in PCR system and was sequenced for determining nucleotide sequence and was compared with identified nucleotide sequence of this gene in other countries. A comparison made on env gene in Iran with other countries show 0.6 to 29.9% variability in env gene, of which the greatest sequence similarity exists between sequences of env in Iran with USA (U80941) with 99.4% similarity and the least relationship exists between sequences of this virus in Iran with Japan (AB040423) with 70.1% similarity.

In the present study the absorptive portion of digestive tract that is intestines are studied by hematoxylin and eosin. For this study a total of six adult ship sturgeons were freshly prepared from southern shores of the Caspian Sea in Saari. The intestines were removed from the GI tract, transferred to the histology laboratory and fixed in 10% formalin. Then the specimens were transferred to an autotechnicon for histological processing. Then the prepared blocks were sectioned at 6 microns by a microtome, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and studied under light microscope. The results showed that the epithelium covering mucosa in the caecum, intestines, and rectum was of pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells. Abundance of gublet cells from the beginning to the end of the intestines until the rectum was increased and intestinal glands especially in the distal intestine were large and highly folded. Moreover here some spiral valves with structures similar to mucosae of intestines are present. Another structure was presence of lymphatic tissues and follicles in submucosae of intestines and in the spiral valves. The muscular layers of the intestines are in two layers of smooth muscle covered by a serosa.

Present study was done on 300 calves in six Dairy farms around Tehran. In each cases, age, sex, faeces consistency and animal body condition was recorded. Zinc sulphate solution was used for flotation of Giardia cysts and commercial Trichrome Kit used for staining of Giardia cysts. Results analysed by Chi square test and by statistical software spss. The results showed from 300 calves, 68 (%22.7) were infected to Giardia. Although, the difference of the frequency of infection between two age groups (group 1?30 days and group 2, from 31 to 120 days) was statistically significant (p<0.05), there was not statistically difference between two sexes Furthermore, the relationship between giardiasis and stool consistency and frequency of giardiasis in six farms were not significant. It was shown; the difference in Giardia infection between body condition groups (thin, normal and obese) is significant.

This field trial was done to evaluate the efficacy of two killed bivalent vaccines to create the antibody titer against ND and IBD. Forty six thousand one-day-old Hy-line (W36) pullet chicks were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 as a test group (with population of 16000 pullets) and Group 2 as a control group (with population of 30000 pullets) received vaccine A and B respectively at 8 days of age via subcutaneous rout injection. Another vaccine programs, diet and rearing situations were almost the same for two groups. At 5, 36, 50 and 64 days of age, 20 blood samples were taken from each group and antibody titers were assessed by ELISA and HH methods against IBD and ND respectively. Statistic analysis of data by t-test method showed that antibody mean titer and coefficient of variation (CV) against ND and IBD were not different among groups 1 and 2 significantly (p>0.05). In spite of high titers of AB against IBD, group 1 (control) showed IBD diseases with high mortality rate and typical clinical signs at 5th and 6th weeks of rearing period. It seems that in some diseases such as IBD which cell mediated immunity (CMI) is very important, evaluation of vaccines based on serological tests is not reliable and CMI must be evaluated too.

The gastrointestinal parasites because of very different diversity are one of the important causes of common diseases in cats. There parasites can affect in cats health and several time there cause dead. These parasites can effects on cats health and so they cause cats dead. Because of the cross over relationship between Stray cat and human and other pet animal (direct or indirect) this survey specially was done about frequency of infection in Tabriz city for intestinal parasites of stray cats. In this survey from 64 tested cats 25 cases (39%) were infected to Toxocara cati and 37 cases (61%) were negative. According to the results there is significant differences between stray cats infection that kept in houses and this survey showed a significant differences between male and female infections (P<0.05). According to this study and the high infection in stray cats to Toxocara cati that some of them are zoonoses, it seems that the use of a regular anti-parasitic chemical program to prevent and treatment for cats that kept in house are very important.

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that cause illness in people and animals so studying amount of infectious incidence between people and animals is important because of zoonotic and global spreadation viewpoint of epidemiology and controlling.In order, 50 samples of faces referred to the Children Hospital laboratory of Tabriz were studied with light microscopy after staining with Modified Ziehl- Nelson method and then 50 faces samples of calves the beef cattle around Tabriz were collected, and at last the faces samples collected from 50 wild rats from different parts of Tabriz and were studied as the same. Results of this study were showed that prevalence of infestation was 6%, 14% and 80% in humans, calves and rats respectively. According to these results, the infestation was high in three studied groups (human, calves and rats) and it can be relate with its wide distribution and it's a lot of hosts.

Newcastle disease is one of the infectious diseases in birds. Doing an accurate vaccination in a proper time is an approach to prevent the disease. This study clarified the effect of eye drop route vaccination scheduling with Newcastle Avinew vaccine on stimulating of humoral immunity in broilers by Hemagglutination Inhibition test in order to find a better vaccination protocol. So, 150 oneday- old broiler chicks were divided into 3 separated groups. Treatment groups were consisted of A1 (eye drop vaccination at 1st, 14th day old regardless of maternal antibody), A2 (eye drop vaccination at 7th, 17th day old with considering maternal antibody) and control group (without vaccination). Results showed the decreasing trend at 1st, 7th, 14th days old in all groups and increasing trend after 21th day in groups A1 and A2. Control group had the decreasing trend in all bleeding stages and reached to the lowest level at 35th days old. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between A1 and A2 groups (p<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between control group and the other groups up to 14th day old. However, considering the results of this study, eye drop vaccination at 1st day of life in high risk regions should be implemented in order to prevent Newcastle disease, regardless of maternal antibody.

Reactive amyloidosis is a condition that complicates a long list of chronic inflammation, chronic infectious, malignant, and hereditary disorders. In the present study the propensity for amyloidogenesis in male and female rats on spatio-temporal pattern was evaluated. For this purpose a total of 60 male and female Swiss mice, obtained from Pasteur Institute Tehran, after being weighted were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups including 2 groups [10 male (Group A1) and 10 female (Group B1) each], and 2 control groups [10 male (Group A2) and 10 female (Group B2) each]. At the end of 3rd, 5th and 7th weeks of experiment 3 mice were randomly selected and euthnised. Liver, lung, kidney and heart samples of each animal were obtained and preserved in 10% neutral buffer formalin. Sample were then processed through different stages of dehydration, clearing and impregnation and finally embedded in paraffin blocks. Sections of 5mm thickness then cut and stained by alkaline Congo red techniques. The data obtained from microscopic quantitative analysis did show significant differences between groups A1 and B1. A preferential expression of reactive amyloidosis is concluded in male, indicating sex differences in amyloidosis.