Iranian Journal of Social Problems
Year:2019 | Volume:9 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:15

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Humor and life satisfaction through mediation of perceived social support. 261 students (127 men and 134 women) were selected by cluster sampling method in the academic year of 1395-96. Participants of the Humor Style Questionnaire (Martin et al., 2003), Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (Zimit et al., 1988), completed Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (Diner et al., 1985). Validity and reliability of the research tool were obtained through confirmatory path analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient respectively. Findings: Correlation between the relationship between humor and social support (R = 0/161, P <0/01), humor and life satisfaction (R = 0/180, P <0/01), and social support with life satisfaction ( R=0. 578, P <0/01). The fitted final model, which was obtained using the pathway of analysis, showed that humor is directly related to social support, and Humor has indirect effects through social support on life satisfaction. In this sense, a snappy one improves life satisfaction by strengthening social protection.

Since Social tolerance is viewed as a fundamental and essential concept in social interactions, many researchers claim that constructive and positive interactions play a fundamental role in social processes. When such interactions fail to be present, society will experience substantial problems so that violence may be considered as a single way to deal with differences by people. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the construct of social toleration in Tehran city where religious, cultural and ethnic diversity exist. A survey and researcher-made questionnaire were applied to collect data. The sample size consists of 384 Tehran’ s citizens aged from 18 to 70 years old and chosen using Cochran formula and multi-stage stratified sampling method. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21). The findings revealed that there were significant relationships between religiosity variables, social trust, selfexpression values and social security feeling as opportunities for social tolerance. However, there were not any significant relationship between individualism and dogmatism of citizens as a challenge to social tolerance. Religiosity, social trust, selfexpression values and social security feeling were recognized as the strongest predictive variables of social tolerance among Tehran’ s citizens.

Corporate Social Responsibility has been one of the most important issues in recent years to the extent that international organizations have provided standards in this regard. Today, one of the most important issues in management, is corporate and companies responsibility in CSR. Corporate Social Responsibility means the requirement to respond to foreign interest groups. Various scholars such as Wood, Mitchell, Lovelli, Salowski, Zwolch, Carol and Lantos have been discussing social responsibility issues in recent years. The main aim of this research is also to investigate the dimensions and general status of social responsibility based on the four-dimensional Carol Pyramid and the conceptual definitions of Salusky, Zulch and Lantos among 215 managers of Islamic Azad universities and Parsian Bank branches in Tehran, especially in adhering to ethical and religious dimensions based on survey method and use of questionnaire based on eleven hypotheses. According to the results of religious, religious and ethical orientation of under study enterprises are medium to high. Based on the information provided by the economic dimension, 87% of executives consider making profit and raising capital as the primary responsibility and the main goal for an economic-profit enterprise. Also in legal and juridical social responsibility, more than half of corporate executives (57%) are required to comply with laws and regulations, and about 70% of them are required to observe ethical standards. The results of humanitarian dimention research have assessed social responsibility at a positive and acceptable level. The findings also supported the research hypotheses that there are a direct and significant relationship between independent variable (religious orientations of economic-profit enterprises, rate of religiosity of executives) and CSR as a dependent variable (r=0/35, r=0. 54). the findings also indicated asignificant relationship between religious orientations of economic-profit enterprises and organizational efficacy (r=0. 44) and between CSR and organizational efficacy (r=0. 55).

The aim of this study is to design interpretive – structural analysis model of the factors affecting administrative corruption of electronic government in Iran. The research methodology is mixed method that in its qualitative part is based on identifying the factors affecting administrative corruption in electronic government by investigating theoretical fundamentals and doing Delphi analysis with participation of twenty specialists in information and communication technology as panel members and in its qualitative part is by forming structural self-interaction matrix following interpretive-structural modeling and ten specialists corporated with the researchers. The results of the study showed that the identified structural characteristics’ indices in qualitative part include the absence of enough knowledge, the absence of administrative plans, the absence of technological supports and the absence of information feedback to all the units which are regarded as the most important factors causing administrative corruption in electronic government.

Social laziness as a "significant reduction of teamwork effort compared to doing the same job individually, " defined limitations. With regard to this issue, this paper aims to investigate and identify the factors influencing the social laziness micro, middle and macro and solutions for the community. For this purpose, using data from a survey among 400 employees of Yazd and Khorramabad to examine the factors that will be discussed. Multiple regression was used to data analysis, The results showed that lack of motivation and moral outrage at the micro level and political alienation and universalism at macrolevel with 0. 48 percent, were the most important explanatory factors for social laziness in this study.

The use of performance-enhancing drugs (PED) is common among Iranian professional athletes. As this phenomenon is a social problem, the main purpose of this research is to explain why athletes engage in “ doping” activity by using social learning theory. For this purpose, a sample of 784 professional athletes from Rasht and Bandar Anzali (Iran), was used to test hypotheses related to social learning theory. the findings of this study indicated that the components of social learning theory-differential association, differential reinforcement, imitation, and definitions-can accurately predict 0. 43, 0. 29, and 0. 44 percent of the variance of athletes’ PED in totall, male and female athletes, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to discover and analysis the phenomenon of divorce by adopting a qualitative approach and using the grounded theory, in doing so we tried to provide a paradigmatic model of the phenomenon of divorce based on perceptions and interpretations and definitions of this concept as provided by the subjects. the subjects of this study were selected using the theoretical sampling method and based on the principle of theoretical saturation, 55divorced women and those who have applied for divorce in Tehran in 2016 were selected. For data analysis, the method introduced by Strauss and Corbin in the G. T was applied. According to the findings, a set of factors such as marriage type, reasons for marriage, mental disorder of the spouse, lack of satisfaction with marital and sexual relations, lack of readiness of married couples for the marriage, lake of commitment to marital life, , disparity in marriage family violence, disagreement in the attitudes, traits and tastes, risk factors, mental concern about divorce have pushed people to divorce, and causes such as: interference of relatives, protective factors, dependence of the husband on his parents and passivity in the home relations, type of family structure, differences in the level of individualism and modernism and life style, woman's awareness of the unfavorable situation, the spouses’ low politeness, courtesy, and moral education, non-social and non-vivid husbands, intrusion of cyber spaces in marital relationships, poor economic condition of family, persistence of pre-marriage friendships, low quality of life skills and communication skills of the couple, history of divorce in family and friends, and women's socioeconomic status were involved. In analyzing the consequences of divorce: change of the structure of the family as a result of the consequence of existing condition, the stigma of disgrace, academic failure, the moral and emotional affection of children, the feeling of exclusion and marginalization, losing feelings about marital life, emergence of the forms of alienation (feeling alienated interms of oneself, marital life and society), and individualism can be considered.

Knowledge sharing is one of the main components of knowledge management that has a prominent role in universities for generating new knowledge and competitive advantage. Social trust has the mechanism of facilitating in knowledge sharing. Social trust is a mediator mechanism in sharing knowledge. Thus, the main purpose of this research is a social distrust in knowledge sharing as a social problem. The method of this study was descriptive-survey. The population of this study was graduate students of Tabriz University and with using of Cochran formula and proportional Sampling 650 person selected as a sample size. Reliability coefficients for social trust (0. 776) and dependent variable of research is (0. 812) This suggests that the selected items are suitable for measuring the variables of the research. The data gathering tool was a social trust and knowledge sharing questionnaire that was analyzed using SPSS software version22. Findings show a positive and significant relationship between social trust and student's knowledge sharing(r=0/556). There is also a positive and significant correlation between social trust components with knowledge sharing. The results of the correlation test indicate that the age and the score of students have a positive and significant relationship with knowledge sharing. T-test analysis show that knowledge sharing does not have significant difference based on gender of students. The results of the regression show that the component of social trust explain39% of knowledge sharing variance. Meanwhile, the role of toward collaboration is more than other factors. Therefore, in order to increase the level of knowledge sharing among graduate students the factors affecting social trust should be seriously considered.

The religion and its role in various aspects of social and individual life, has been the subject of many scholars in different areas of thought. This paper explores the effect of religiosity on forms and subjects of alienation (of self, of society, and of politics). The research method was survey and the open-ended questionnaire was applied for data collection. The statistical population consists of adualt poupulation in Tehran city which of whom 384 were selected. In this research seeman, s and keniston, s theory is used to articulate theorical framework as well as research tools and measurement scales. Dean, Netler, Feuer, Schwartz& srole scales olso were utilized to measure the subjects and form of alienation. The religiosity of respondent was also measured by Glock & Stark religiosity scale. The research results showed that there was no relationship between religiosity and social alienation variables, but an inreverse and meaningful relationship existed between religiosity and political alienation, self-alienation and its different forms. Among the dimensions of religiosity, the outcome dimension had a meaningful relationship with all alienation subjects and had the most correlation with selfalienation. The outcome dimension have also had the greatest impact on and the most correlation with self-estrangement.

Socialization and political participation in the political system of the modern age, along with modernity, are considered necessary and mutually supportive of governance and ruling in the modern world. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to examine the impact of socio-economic status on the level of political participation among students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch. Theoretical framework of research is combined and emphasizes on political socialization. This research is carried out in a survey method and the data are collected by a questionnaire from 370 students of the Science and Research branch at the Faculties of Engineering, Basic Sciences and Humanities and Social Sciences. The results of the data analysis show that there is a significant relationship between the independent variables (individual education, marital status, parental occupation, family economic status and the use of mass media and the dependent variable (individual political participation). The results of multivariate regression show that the variables in their order of magnitude and their significance in explaining the dependent variable are: economic status of the family, using mass media and media, marital status, Level of education and parent's job. In total, these variables have been able to explain 54% of respondents' political participation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the experience of Marijuana addiction among students in Tehran. In this study, The information of 12 Marijuana affiliates has been compiled by interviewing and participating observation for 1 year and 4 months, And the data collected have been analyzed and interpreted by the method of phenomenological methodology. The results of the research in four main themes of the position of family and relatives in reducing or increasing the tendency towards narcotics, Effective factors in the tendency to experience drug use, The mental and psychological effects of Marijuana's addiction, Action and behavioral factors caused by marijuana use, And 25 sub-themes include the history of addiction in family members, Lack of adequate supervision during adolescence and youth, The lack of attention to the presence of the father in the teenage education process, Family Violence, The social thrill of conflicting attitudes to religious values in the family, Accompanying relatives in social anomalies, The addiction of relatives and family as a stimulant of drug use, Control of drug use due to emotional attachment to parents, Use videos and songs with addictive content, Provide the appropriate place, Accompanying friends and relatives in drug use, Drug tendency to escape from problems, Addiction to marijuana for pleasure, Loss of emotions and sentimentality, Reduce social relationships, Earning pleasure only through drugs, A strong tendency to experience other drugs, Not being able to leave drugs, Courage and boldness false, Confusion when sleeping, The gradual increase in drug use, Create illusion, music, Dance, Silence, Severe laugh, Claver. The results indicate that social factors such as family, Relatives and consumption of cultural products are very influential in the course of addiction. In addition, Students do not have a proper understanding of the consequences of using Marie-Juana, And they assumed that there would be no problem for them if consumers had multiple physical and psychological problems.

The current study is a qualitative one which delves into the meaning of education and its basic social processes in the lived experiences of high school students. Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) is the method which is applied in a phenomenological perspective. In-depth interview was the data gathering technique. Theoretical saturation was reached after interviews with 8 students. The overarching meaning through the basic social process (BSP) emerged as "Konkour-oriented elitist education". The emergent BSP is made up of 3 core categories i. e. school, family and Konkour, wherein, family was identified as the agent of the authority exerted by school on the students to create and reproduce bi-polar values of elite/non elite. There were also identified a Basic Social Psychological Process (BSPP) and a Basic Structural-Functional Process (BSFP) within the BSP. The BSPP turned out students' permanent anxiety of being judged, misbehaved and disdained as non-elite by both school authorities and family on the way to admission in Konkour as the only choice to be a valuable social member. The BSFP spotted the functions of family and school in a context of bi-polar values of elite/non-elite where they highly collaborate in reproducing such a dichotomous value system and hence the paramount importance of Konkour as the only way to attain proper social membership.