Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine
Year:2005 | Volume:12 | Issue:3 (SN 37)|Papers Count:17

Introduction & Objective: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is one of the tumors arising from the epidermis, mucous membranes or anogenital region. This tumor has high rate of invasion and metastases. Regional lymph nodes metastases are reported. This tumor has high incidence in middle-aged and old persons. Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been detected in cutaneous SCC in some studies. Since the rate of recurrence and invasion of this tumor is high, finding association between SCC and HPV can help to apply antiviral treatment against this virus.Materials& Methods: In this study 66 paraffin embedded skin SCC and their margins were selected and DNA isolation was performed by high pure product purification kit. By PCR technique, chain extension and primer annealing and denaturing was performed on DNA. Then PCR product was evaluated by electrophoresis with agar gel beside +/- control.Results: 13 out of 66 (19.7%) SCC specimens and 2 out of margins (3%) were positive for HPV. Among the HPV positive cases, 86.7% were in the tumors and 13.3% were perilesional (P.value=0.0003).Conclusion: We found a positive association between HPV and skin SCC. Therefore antiviral drugs application may be useful in prevention of the improvement, recurrence and invasion of skin SCC.

Introduction & Objective: Diabetes mellitusisa disease with a long history. Attempts to relieve the symptoms have not been totally successful. The seeds of Trigonella foenum have been shown to possess hypoglycemic properties. In this study hypoglycemic effect of the carbon tetra chloride (CCL4) extract of these seeds has been investigated.Materials & Methods: Using Wistar rats, diabetes was induced by intravenous injections of 100 mg/kg of STZ in three doses divided over three consecutive days. The extract was prepared by the maceration method and administered orally in different doses. Blood samples were collected and serum glucose was measured by the O-toloidin method.Results: The results indicated that the extract can reduce serum glucose in a dose depend'ent manner (r=0.44, P=0.00) and the maximum effect occurred with a dose of 4g/kg. With this dose, serum glucose concentration was reduced from 547±44 to 345±35 mg/dl P=0.0000001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the CCL4 extract of trigonella foenum seeds have anti-diabetic effect, when it is introduced orally. The purification and formulation of its effective substance (s) for therapeutic purposes deserves consideration.

Introduction & Objective: Hypocalcaemia is a common metabolic disorder during neonatal period that affects up to 30% of preterm infants. Hypocalcaemia has significant importance because it exaggerates several serious neonatal problems such as intraventricular hemorrhage, and their long term complications such as mental retardation and physical disability.Materials & Methods: We conducted a double blind randomized controlled clinical trial study of 80 preterm infants to examine the effect of calcium gluconate infusion to prevent neonatal hypocalcemia. These infants were randomly divided in two groups of 40 each. Over 60 minutes of birth, blood sample was taken and then were received an intravenous infusion of either calcium gluconate (100 mg/kg) or placebo (normal saline solution), and total serum calcium concentration was measured at 24, 48, and 72 hours after birth.Results: After assessment of the results, 16 hypocalcemic infants were found in the group that received calcium gluconate and 22 instances in the control group.Conclusion: We concluded that a single dose infusion of calcium gluconate in preterm infants isn't effective in prevention of symptomatic or asymptomatic early neonatal hypocalcemia (even tough from clinical view is effective), as well as decreasing the duration of infant's hospitalization.

Introduction & Objective: Chronic rhino sinusitis (C.R.S.) is one of the most common diseases in the world. Polyposis is a complication of C.R.S., due to allergy or inflammation. The purpose of this study was detection of the incidence of polyposis in patients with C.R.S.Materials & Methods: This study was carried out on 192 patients with C.R.S. who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery during 2000-2003 in Hamadan. All patients with C.R.S symptoms referred to ENT clinics were examined by otolaryngologist and after establishing diagnosis of C.R.S. they received medical treatment and after nose and para nasal sinuses CT scan, if there was indication, FESS was done. The patients who had polyps were followed up to one year, and the results analyzed with SPSS.Results: According to the results, incidence of polyposis in 192 patients with C.R.S. was 40%, the sex distribution of the patients with polyposis was 60% in male and 40% in female. The age mean was 39.2 year. Involved sinuses in decreasing order of frequency were, anterior ethmoid, maxilla, Posterior ethmaid, sphenoid, sphenoid and frontal. 43% of the patients had history of allergy. Recurrence happened in 6.6% after one year follow up.Conclusion: Because of disabling symptoms and severe complications of nasal polyposis, it is recommended more study in the future to find etiology and preventive ways for nasal polyposis in Hamadan.

Introduction & Objective: Fusariosis is one of the most important systemic mycosis, often caused by Fusarium Solani and resist to antifungal drugs. The appropriate F. Solani antigen preparation could be useful in serodiagnosis of fusariosis.Materials & Methods: The extraction procedure was performed using F.Solani strain 7419 UAMH. The antigenic extract was obtained through grinding of fungal mass yielding from broth culture medium.Results: Following fractionation of somatic antigen, two different component, that is, crude antigen as well as antigenic fractions (12,28) were collected. The antigenic fractions in comparison with the crude antigen, demonstrated more effective antibody responses using ELISA method.Conclusion: Availability of a suitable antigenic source could play a key role for serologic detecting of opportunistic fungal disease including fusariosis. Injection of this antigenic preparation in Rabbit resulted antibody response.

Introduction & Objective: Insulin injection is the main way to combat against insulin dependent diabetes mellitus effects. Today in some laboratories in the world, the investigators are trying to find some treatments for this disease with insulin-secreting pancreatic islet cells transplantation. Encapsulation of pancreatic islet cells allows for transplantation in the absence of immunosuppressant. This technique that is called immunoisolation is based on the principle that transplanted tissue is protected for the host immune system by an artificial or natural membrane.Materials & Methods: Donor tissues in each step of work prepared from 6 adult male Wistar Rat with weight 250-300 grams (75-90 days). Transplantation was done in rats after 2-4 week induced diabetes with 60mg/ml streptozotocin injection via intravenous.Results: he data obtained from this study showed that islet cells can be enclosed in a semi permeable membrane that permits oxygen and nutrients to reach the islets, allowing insulin to be released into the blood stream and at the same time excluding potentially destructive immune cells and antibodies.Conclusion: Testis subcutaneous and intrapretonea implantation of pure islet cells graft, that is a natural immunoisolation method, rapidly and permanently normalized the diabetic state of streptozocin-administered animals.

Introduction & Objective: Obstructive cholestasis is associated with overproduction of endogenous opioids, nitric oxide and cytokins in the blood streams. These consequences may affect sex hormones since proper fertility will be resulted from physiological balance of sex hormones; we investigated the relationship between obstructive cholestasis and gonadotropins and sperm parameters in adult male rats.Materials & Methods: To study this, we used three groups of animals: control (Nosurgery), Sham (surgical control), and cholestatic (surgical ligation of the bile duct). After 3 weeks all animals were killed by ether, and serum concentrations of FSH and LH were determined by radioimmunoassay, sperm parameters were evaluated by light microscope.Results: The findings of this study showed that LH and FSH levels decreased significantly in cholestatic compared to control and sham groups (p<0.05). On the other hand, we did not find any significant difference in sperm parameters between cholestatic and other groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: These findings indicated that obstructive cholestasis lead to decrease in the levels of serum gonadotropins, but it has no significant effect on sperm parameters. We speculated that spermatogenesis, and sperm parameters were not dependent on gonadotropin hormones but other factors may involve.

Introduction & Objective: There is a direct relationship between the education and exclusive breast-feeding. Most of the educational programs have given after child birth, based on "Rooming in plan", but because of difficult situation and busy thoughts of mothers, they were not desirable way of education, therefore in this study the role of verbal & nonverbal education was evaluated on the rate of breastfeeding by mothers before delivery.Materials & Methods: This is a randomized controlled-trial study on 108 pregnant women, 20-30 yrs old, paraone, without any systemic disease referring to Health Center of Hamadan. They were divided into two groups of 54 each, group I was given verbal education (lecture, movie, slide, question & answer) and group II nonverbal education (pamphlet of verbal abstracts). The two groups were followed up to 6 months after delivery in respect of restricted breast-feeding.Results: The rate of restricted breast-feeding was 82.7% for mother’s education and 56.5% for nonverbal ones. This difference of percentile group was statistically meaningful, which showed verbal education efficient on outcome of restricted breast-feeding.Conclusion: We concluded that face to face education is more efficient compared to non-verbal education in increase exclusive breast feeding.

Introduction & Objective: Salmonella is one of the most important genus of Enterobacteriacea family. The aim of this study was typing of typhoidal Salmonella by SDS-PAGE and comparing the results with those of serotyping method.Materials and Methods: In this study, 4 reference strains of Salmonella species, 5 reference strains of Enterobacteriacea family and 100 clinical isolates of Salmonella that were previously collected from laboratories of Hamadan medical centers were studied. Serotyping of strains was performed by Biomereux and Difco monovalent antisera. Whole-cell proteins of strains were also separated on 10% polyacrylamide gel. Gels were stained by Coomassie Brilliant Blue and analyzed by densitometry.Results: Of 100 cases of Salmonella species, 43 cases (43%) were S. typhi, 20 cases (20%) were S. typhymurium, 12 cases (12%) were S. para typhi B, 10 cases (10%) were S. para typhi C, S. para typhi A 1 case (1%) and other cases were non-typhoidal Salmonella. The results of serotyping were compared with the results obtained by SDS-PAGE. Many protein bands from 220 KDa to 18.5 KDa were detected by SDSPAGE and they were used to differentiate the strains. S. typhi serotypes were divided into 5 sub-species and S. para typhi Band C were divided each into 3 sub-species. Protein profiles of the reference strains of Salmonella were compared with protein profiles of Enterobacteriaceae species and showed some differences in major protein bands, however, they had a very similar protein band in 43 KDa area.Conclusion: Since our data was able to divide Salmonella species to sub-types and differentiate them from Enterobacteriacea species, we concluded that analsying SDS-PAGE profile of water soluble whole-cell proteins can be used for typing of these organisms and it is comparable with serotyping, nevertheless, further researches are needed to establish SDS-PAGE method and to replace it with serotyping method.

Introduction & Objective: Multiple Sclerosis (M.S) is common demyelinating diseases that are presented by inflammation and destruction of myelin of central nervous system such as different sizes of plaques. There are several methods for diagnosis of pathological findings in M.S., and one of them is MRI that is magnetic Resonance Imaging. In this study clinical munifestations and pathological findings of patient's MRI in M.S. and also the relation between severity of signs and progression of MRI plaques were evaluated.Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study that carried out on 60 patients with multiple sclerosis, in department of neurology of Hamadan Sina Hospital in 4 years (1999-2003). Clinical manifestation, age, sex, family History and past history of infectious and psychological diseases were evaluated. M.S characteristics like size, numbers and distribution were studied and collected data was analyzed with EPI6software.Results: There was a positive relationship between severity of clinical manifestations and low ages and history of several viral infections but there was not statistical relation between severity of manifestations and plaques criteria's as their diameter, size and dispersion of plaques in MRI.Conclusion: It was concluded that it is not possible to predict the severity of symptoms of MS according to the MRI results, solely, but study of both factors simultaneously is necessary in proper evaluation and diagnosis of the disease.

Introduction: Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy is an acute and rare cutaneous disorder that affects children between 4 months to 2 years of age and characterized by cutaneous purpuric lesions with millimeters to centimeters diameter. Systemic involvement is rare. The disease is benign and spontaneously resolved in 1-3 weeks. Case Report: Here we described a 22-months old girl with acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy who hospitalized in department of pediatric with the presence of erythematous-purpuric lesions localized on the face, ears and lower limbs that developed suddenly two days before hospitalization. Laboratory examination revealed including normal cell blood counts, serum complements, serum electrolytes and creatinin. ANA was negative. Coagulation tests were normal. ESR was 45 mm/h. Urine analysis and stool examination revealed no abnormal findings. Disease resolved spontaneously without any problem.Conclusion: According to the contrast between the acuteness of the cutaneous sign, which are typical and unmistakable, and the general condition of the patient. Which were good and the laboratory findings, our patient labeled as acute hemprrhagic edema of infancy.

Introduction: Epithelial cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of gallbladder, but squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare.Case Report: Following the diagnosis of hydropsy of gallbladder in a sonography of a 60 years-old woman, cholesistectomy was performed. On macroscopic pathological examination, brownish deformed gallbladder was seen. After opening, on mucosal surface there was a cream, elastic polypoid tumoral lesion (2×1×0.5cm). On microscopic evaluation, a pattern of pure and differentiated invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma was diagnosed.Conclusion: During the last twenty-two years, this has been the first report of SCC of gallbladder from province of Hamadan with incidence of 2.8% in Iron. This case can be used in hystogenesis of SCC of gallbladder.