Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine
Year:2014 | Volume:21 | Issue:1 (SN 71)|Papers Count:15

Introduction & Objective: The clinical success of sealant therapy depends on its ability to provide a marginal integrity resulting in micro leakage absence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of enamel surface treatment using Er.Cr: YSSG and applying bandings with current clinical method on a fissure sealant microleakage.Material & Methods: In this experimental study 60 human premolar teeth were assigned to 3 groups according to the conditioning as follows: (1) 35% phosphoric acid gel etching; (2) Er, Cr: YSSG laser+applying a self-etch adhesive; and (3) Er, Cr: YSSG laser+applying margin bond. All fissures were sealed by Helioseal F according to the manufacturer's instructions.The samples were thermocycled for 500 cycles (5 degrees -55 degrees C), and immersed in a 0.5% basic fuchsin solution for 24 h. After sectioning, microleakage was evaluated by stereomicroscope at 6x magnification. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests at a significance level of 0.05.Results: No dye penetration was perceived in 20%, 15%, and 0% of cases in groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively; all specimens were suffering from microleakage, in group 3. There was no statistically significant difference of microleakage scores between groups 1 and 2 (P=0.976).in group 1 were significantly lower than those of group 3 (P=0.016), and those of group 2 were lower than group 3 (P=0.009).Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that enamel conditioning prior to the placement of sealant by Er, Cr: YSSG laser combined with an self-etch adhesive prevent microleakage as effective as conventional acid etching.

Introduction & Objective: Low birth weight is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although in different studies the effect of kangaroo mother care on the growth of low birth weight infants had been examined, this study was planned to determine the effect of duration of KMC on the growth of LBW infants in NICU, Fatemieh hospital, Hamadan, 2012.Material & Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial on 115 under weight infants who were randomly assigned into two groups. Up to 4 hours a day new born infants in the first group and more than 4 hours the second group, were cared for by their mother using KMC method. Both groups were analyzed and evaluated with regard to their weight, body temperature, oxygen saturation, frequency of feeding, and infection in the third and fifth days after KMC. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, c2 and t-test.Results: Mean (SD) weight, oxygen saturation, frequency of feeding in the group receiving Kangaroo care more than 4 hours were more than the recipients of kangaroo care less than 4 hours (P<0.05). Significant differences between the groups in terms of body temperature, infection, and mortality were not observed.Conclusions: KMC more than 4 hours a day is more beneficial than that of less than 4 hours a day in terms of developmental and physiological measures in low birth weight infants. Therefore, it highly suggested that the health practitioners and policy makers consider the benefits, impacts and strategies to increase the duration of KMC.

Introduction & Objective: Teucrium polium belonging to Lamiaceae family has been widely used in traditional medicine for treatment of diseases. Regarding the existence of the active biological compounds in this plant, it seems that this plant has considerable antimicrobial effects.The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial effect of different concentrations of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Teucrium polium (different concentrations) on Escherichia coli PTCC 1330, Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1337, Staphylococcus epidermidis PTCC 1435, Streptococcus pyogenes PTCC 1447 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1310” in vitro”.Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, antimicrobial effect of the extracts was explored by two methods including “Collins method” (spreading of the extract on medium surface) and “disk agar diffusion method”. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined using the dilution method.Results: The results showed that in "disk agar diffusion method ", the ethanolic extract had the inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 64 and 32 mg/ml, respectively and the MBC of aqueous and ethanolic extracts for Pseudomonas aeruginsa was 256 and 128 mg/ml, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the highest level of resistance against the aqueous and ethanolic Teucrium polium extracts.Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Teucrium polium “in vitro” showed a considerable antimicrobial effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the gram-negative bacteria and Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus as the gram-positive bacteria.

can cause multiple damages to eyelid, eyeball and adenexal tissues. Furthermore, ocular trauma is one of the major causes of unilateral blindness and the third leading cause of hospitalization in ophthalmology wards. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and characteristics of eye trauma at Farshchian hospital in Hamadan in 2012.Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 70 patients with ocular trauma, admitted to Farshchian hospital, were studied. We assessed the age, sex, job, educational level, location, cause of trauma, its type and site of injury. The data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software and t, c2 statistical tests.Results: The mean age of patients in this study was 24.01 years (SD=16.04). Among 70 patients, 58 people (82.1%) were males and 12 patients (17.1%) were females. The most common cause of trauma was observed in 19 patients (27.1%). The most common location of the trauma in this study was homing, seen in 28 patients (40%). Among the 70 patients, 29 people (41.4%) had open globe injuries, 25 people had (35.7%) closed globe injuries, 5 patients (7.1%) had burning and 11 patients (15.7%) had adenexal injury.Conclusions: The results showed that most ocular traumas occur in the early ages and in males.The most common type of them is open globe injury and the most common cause is a sharp object.

Introduction & Objective: The use of modern microextraction techniques for determination and evaluation of pollutants is progressively increasing nowadays. Needle trap microextraction (NTME) technique has privileges compared to the other techniques for sampling occupational and environmental pollutants from air. In this study the application of NTD technique packed with poly dimethylsiloxane as sorbent for determination of two organohalogen compounds (carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene) was investigated.Material & Methods: In this experimental study NTDs were prepared with the same length of proposed sorbent and used after calibration of sampling pump. The parameters related to performance of NTD and proposed sorbent including temperature and relative humidity, sampling storage time and breakthrough volume were investigated. In analytical performances, the capability of NTD on time and temperature of desorption also carryover of analytes were assessed. Finally, the results for NTD micro extraction e were compared to the NIOSH 1003 method.Results: Results have shown that, temperature and relative humidity had effects on the performance of NTD and it's sorbent, and NTD contained PDMS showed better performance in the lower temperature and relative humidity at the range of assessment. The performance of NTD and it's sorbent for storage of sampled analytes was more than 95% of analytes mass after 4 days of sampling. The proposed technique also showed a good performance for desorption parameters and desorption temperature and time was 290oC and 4 minutes, respectively.After desorption, the carryover was also investigated and measured as 4 min. Relative standard division (RSD) for repeatability of method for NTD from different concentration levels of 1-250 mgL-1 were 4.1-7.5%.Conclusions: The NTD technique as an active sampling method with high enrichment factor showed a good performance for sampling and analysis of volatile organohalogen compounds in air. The low cost and rapid determination of compounds makes NTD a proper technique for indoor and outdoor monitoring of air pollution.

Introduction & Objective: Diagnosis of periodontal osseous lesions is very important in determining prognosis, treatment plan and maintenance in the long term. This diagnosis can be achieved by using radiography. The aim of this study is to compare accuracy of E speed films, bitewing PSP, panoramic PSP and CCD for identifying the extent of destruction of alveolar bone in chronic periodontitis.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 272 interproximal surfaces were evaluated by 4 radiographic techniques after clinical examination by a periodontist and indication of flap surgery. The distance between CEJ and the alveolar crest was measured by Williams probe during the surgery and before osseous recontouring. These measures were considered as gold standard. This distance was measured using all 4 radiography techniques by 2 radiologists at standard conditions after calibration.Results: There was no significant difference between the 4 techniques. The mean distances from CEJ to alveolar crest in all techniques had no significant difference with gold standard, the least difference was in digital BW PSP and the greatest difference was in panoramic PSP.The non-measurable surfaces by E speed BW and panoramic PSP were the fewest and the most, respectively.Conclusion: Better relative accuracy with regard to variation range, mean difference of measures based on gold standard and number of shown surfaces was observed in digital and conventional BW compared to digital panoramic images.

Introduction & Objective: The use of computers and monitors (displays) has been developed due to their increasing capabilities. The presence of electromagnetic fields, infrared and ultraviolet radiations has been proven around the display, which all of them have adverse effects on human health. Therefore, this study was conducted to survey and compare the mentioned variables around the displays.Material & Methods: The present descriptive–analytical study was accomplished in Hamadan university of medical sciences in 2011. The statistical sample included 46 LCD and 50 CRT devices selected by simple random sampling. In order to assay the electric and magnetic fields, the HI-3604 device and for measuring the IR and UV rays, Hanger device was used.Results: The magnetic field in the CRT display was higher than the LCD display. Also the magnetic field of the front of the display was more than back position in the both displays (P=0.000). The electric field in the nearest distance of the display was higher in CRT than LCD (P=0.000). In 30 cm distances of CRT and LCD displays, 96% and 8.3% of the samples had magnetic field more than TCO standard, respectively.Conclusions: The current finding demonstrated that LCD displays radiate much lower amount of magnetic field, IR and UV rays than CRT displays. Life extension of the system has a great influence on the production of electromagnetic fields.

Introduction & Objective: The survey of smoking as the most toxic, common and cheapest addiction, and its psychological and demographic variables especially among the youth who are efficient and constructive individuals of the society is of great importance. This study was performed to compare efficacy and threat perception in predicting cigarette smoking among university students based on Expended Parallel Process Model (EPPM).Material & Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out on 700 college students of Hamadan recruited with a stratified sampling method. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire including demographic characteristics, smoking status and EPPM Data analysis was done with the SPSS software (version 16), using t-test, one way ANOVA, Pierson correlation and logistic regression methods.Results: The average scores of threat and efficacy perception were 39.7 and 38.6, respectively.The prevalence of cigarette smoking among participants was 27.1 percent. Also, there were significant differences between the average score of efficacy perception and age, gender, history of drug abuse and dwelling of students (P<0.05). Efficacy and threat perception both predicted student cigarette smoking.Conclusions: Cognitive mediating process of threat perception was a more powerful predictor of cigarette smoking as an unsafe behavior. Therefore, increasing self efficacy and response efficacy of university students aimed at facilitating the acceptance of safe behavior could be note-worthy as a principle in education.

Introduction & Objective: The observance of prescribing principles has the likelihood of correct medication and consequently patient's recovery and also reduces the amount of unnecessary costs. In this context, we tried to examine the rate of observance of prescription principles in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences teaching staff including attendees, assistants and interns and compared it with non-teaching staff including general physicians and doctors’prescription.Materials & Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical research with two-stage random sampling on the prescriptions presented to hospitals pharmacies and city pharmacies of Hamadan. A total of 800 prescriptions were collected from 15 pharmacies and the data were analyzed by t test, ANOVA and post hoc statistical tests.Results: According to the analyses of the examined prescriptions, average score of the observance of prescribing principles in non-teaching staff was more significant (10.1 vs.9.6) than teaching staff (P<0.05).In both groups, the doctors out-performed the rest of the group by far (10.6 and 11.5) and the interns had the lowest scores among the teaching staff (8.95).The average pharmaceutics the teaching and the non-teaching staff prescribed were 2.99and 3.24, respectively.Conclusion: According to the results, in Hamadan like most of the cities in our country, the principles of prescribing are not well observed, compared to the other countries. In the prescriptions related to the teaching staff, the average number drugs prescribed was lower, but the observance of prescribing principles was higher. Therefore, it is recommended that more investigations should be done in order to find the reason (s) related to this non conformity and optimal solution should be presented.

Introduction: Ebstein's anomaly (EA) is a rare congenital malformation of the tricuspid valve, often associated with PFO, which is present in 80-90% of patients & predisposes to paradoxical embolization.Case Report: The case described was a 30 year old female, in the post partum phase, (ten days after normal vaginal delivery) who was presented to the emergency department with seizure& Rt sided hemiplegia & aphasia. On brain computed tomography scan there was large infarct of Lt sided hemisphere in fronto temporopartial, and her brain MRI subsequently confirmed the infarct. Laboratory tests including coagulation study & infectious tests were normal.But electrocardiogram showed AG block grade I. Trans thoracic and Trans esophageal echocardiography revealed Ebstein's anomaly. Dynamic cardiac MRI showed severe tricuspid regurgitation due to sown ward displacement of tricuspid valve to apical heart associated with patent foramen oral & ASD (Ejection fraction of right chamber was normal and no evidence of clot).Conclusion: After ruling out the other diagnoses, paradoxical emboli was considered as the cause leading to the stroke in this case.

Introduction: Ichthyosis lamellar syndrome is a rare genodermatosis and in most families is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait because of transglutaminase-1 deficiency.Case Report: Our patient was a 6 year old girl and she was the result of consanguinity. She had large plate-like scales. The scales had mosaic-like pattern and erythroderma was absent.Tautness of her facial skin was associated with ectropion and eclabion and hypoplasia of auricular cartilages. She had scarring alopecia because of taut skin (specially at the periphery of scalp). She also had palmoplantar keratoderma and secondary nail dystrophy and thanked nails. Her parents also gave us the history of heat intolerance and it is because of interaepidermal constriction of sweat ducts. Our patient had the history of recurrent ear infections and it is because of accumulation of scales in the external ear.Conclusion: Our patient underwent a biopsy and based on our clinical findings her diagnosis was lamellar ichthyosis.

Introduction: Osteosarcoma (OS) is primary malignant bone tumor in which mesenchymal cell produce osteoid. OS of jawbones is uncommon, representing 4-8% of all OS.Case Report: This paper reports the case of a- 29 year-old female with an OS in mandibular first molar as exophitic lesion with smooth surface during 1 year. Based on the patient' s symptoms, differential diagnosis was lymphoma and malignant meshenshymal tumors. Excisional biopsy was done and histopatholigic feature proved to be OS.Conclusion: Postoperatively, the patient was referred to the oncology department of Tehran Imam Khomeini hospitalfor further evaluation and treatment.