JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY SCIENCE
Year:2010 | Volume:3 | Issue:4 (SERIES NO. 11)|Papers Count:9

Giardiasis is one of the parasitic diseases with gastroenteritis caused by unicellular Giardia lamblia. Infection is occurred mainly by contaminated water, food or raw vegetables with cysts which are excreted by human source. Blastocystis hominis is a micro-organism living in human large intestine and may lead to variable gastroenteritis. High humidity, ecological conditions, superficial water, domestic and industrial animal husbandry and the rate of raining made Tonekabon city as specific and Mazandaran as a Province for transmission of parasitic diseases. In this study, simultaneous prevalence of Blastocystis hominisin patients with Giardiasis was investigated between 2007 to 2008 in Tonekabon city, which is located in western part of Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran. Overall, 226 stool samples of gastroenteritic patients were collected, fixed and examined by Direct Method (DM) and concentration with Paraseb Kit for diagnosis of enteropathogenic parasites. The results confirmed the prevalence rates of G. lamblia and Blastocystis hominis among patients with gastroenteritis were 3.54% and 3.1% respectively, however coinfection of both microorganisms was observed in 66.7% of them simultaneously. It is indicated here, simultaneous co-infections of G. lamblia with B. hominis may facilitate reproduction of Blastocystis and increase pathogenesis of Giardiasis in infected patients.

The effect of application of hypophysis extract accompanied by artificial propagation of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) was investigated. Female spawner received three treatment including hypophysis extract at doses of 5, 7 and 10 mg per fish, accompanied by prostaglandin PGF2a at dose of 500 mg per fish, and control fishes injected at a dose of 70 mg hypophysis extract per fish. The research was performed in 5 replicates groups in a completely randomized design. Results showed that the fish treated with 10 mg hypophysis accompanied by 500mg PGF2a, were induced ovulation. Comparing duration of ovulation was not shown significantly different. The average value in duration of ovulation was longer in the fish injected by hypophysis extract accompanied by prostaglandin PGF2a groups than control. Egg obtained, percentage of fertilization and survival rate of larvae in incubation at dose of 10 mg hypophysis accompanied by 500mg PGF2a was higher than other treatments. Finally, it was concluded that, the application of hypophysis extract accompanied by prostaglandin PGF2a were more useful and more economic than conventional method in the ovulation inducton.

The aim of these research have been isolation and recognization of bacteria from costal region of Caspian Sea and evaluation their potency for bioactive compounds with anti bacterial activity production. In this study, at first 29 water samples were collected from costal region of Caspian Sea and analyzed for isolation the bacteria. After culture and purification the samples, the ability of bioactive compounds with anti bacterial production of the isolated bacteria were assessed by agar well diffusion method against 10 human pathogen, and then the isolated bacteria that produced these compounds were characterized based on biochemical methods on Bergys Manual of Systematic Bacteriologi, 16Sr RNA gene sequence analysis had done on three of them with wide spectrum effect. Then hemolytic activity of these isolated compound were examined. A total, 108 bacteria were isolated and amongst these, 12 bacteria showed anti bacterial activity against at least 3 strains of 10 strains of human pathogen. Biochemical characterization of these bacteria showed that these bacteria were mainly Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. The phylogenetic analysis using 16Sr RNA sequencing on three strain releaved that 100% affiliation with Bacillus cereus and 99/7% with Alcaligenes faecalis and 99/7% with Exiguobacterium acetylicum strain DSM 20416.The most antibacterial activity abserved inPseudomonas aeroginosa that showed antibacterial activity in 10 strain of human pathogens.

For the firest time production of the fish warmes took place in decade forty in farm and veterinary company in rasht city. At this province trainee warm fishes almost in the reservoirs. Therefore Fraydonkenar city have 25 reservoirs in the Mazandaran and the importance value in production this matter. So that choiced 3 reservoirs for sampeling in six month for a period traineing. For this reason 180 silver carp were surveyed during April 2008 to septamber 2008. So after fishing and carrying to the laboratory different fish organ such as skill, gill and digestive rogan have been studied. According to the reserches for species of parasites by the name of Trichodina sp, chilodonella sp in skill, Dactylogyrus sp in gill and Diplostomum spathaceumin eye were recognized. Between these 4 parasites, Dactylogyrus sp had the highest Prevalence (78/33) and Parasite number range (2-98). While the lowest prevalence was related to Trichodina sp (41/11) and the lowest mean in tensity were referred to (1/04), the lowest number range was related to Trichodina sp (1-7), also according to this research parasitical pollution of silver carp had month difference.

In this research we have assessed Rasht Compost factory and compared with environmental standards. In the first step the most important environmental indicators were measured. In the next step these parameters were compared with national environmental standards so that on the basis of that, preliminaries of environmental assessment are provided.The results showed that distance of the compost factory with sensitive centers does not conform to standards of environmental organization. It is necessary to mention that the mentioned company started its activity without provision and presentation of evaluation report and environmental management program. The sounds arising from the factory is higher than standard level. Specimen taking and analysis of the produced fertilizer sample and its comparison with fertilizer standard showed that amount of Zink is excess and amounts of lead and nickel are more than environmental standard level. Also analysis of physical-chemical and microbial parameters in the wastewater discharging from filtration system, showed that its pollution is much higher than the standard level. It is necessary to mention that researches done on the results arising from analysis of the compost produced by the factory and its comparison with fertilizer standard showed that with a view to quality, this fertilizer is approximately between composts of classes 1 and 2. Furthermore high content level of glass in this fertilizer is most important problem and caused rejection of the produced compost by the local farmers. Finally the executive techniques and environmental management programs were presented for control and deduction of the effects arising from compost activity.

Recent study is the first attempt to identify infected dairy cattle with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis which is done with John in test and PCR method in Tonekabon.Paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants and spread in different ways to environment. Milk is important source of bacteria. Also, due to the possible relationship between Johne's disease and Crohn's disease in humans, presence of bacteria in milk can be an important index to assess the spread of infection in animal and human. In this study, at first, 90 dairy cattle were tested by John in test and result were as follow, 3 positive cases, 23 suspected cases and 62 negative cases. Then the samples examined using nested PCR, then two pairs of primers were used to increase of desired pieces of 194 bp were used. The prevalence results were different in three verify regions and showed desired ranges between 4.2 and 7.7%. As a result, tests revealed that Johnin test doesn't have an ability to identify suspected cases, then it is necessary to use PCR techinique to identify the exact animal patient.

Rice production in Iran needs to increase to feed a growing population whereas water for irrigation is getting scarce. One way to decrease of water consumption in paddy field is change of irrigation regime and replacement of continuous submergence (CS) to alternately submergence (AS). On the other hand one way to increase the yield in hectare of rice is utilization of fertilizers specially nitrogen fertilizer. In order to investigating the effect of different regimes of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield of hybrid rice an experiment was conducted at rice research institute of Iran during crop season 2008. An experiment was arranged in split plot based on completely randomized block design with 3 replications in which water regimes were main factor included continuous submergence and alternative submergence conditions (irrigation intervals of 5, 8 and 11days) and nitrogen fertilizer levels were sub factor included 0, 90, 120 and 150 kg/ha. Biomass, yield and yield components were statistically the same under CS and interval irrigation of 5 and 8 days. Irrigation water input in 8 days interval was 18% less than continuous submergence. Grain yield was 7418 kg/ha with 120 kg N/ha.in yield components, number of seed in panicle and 1000 grain weight had maximum effect on increase of grain yield.

This research has been done in a static environment to determine LC50, 96h and lethal concentration of Potassium Permanganate and Copper Sulfate in Persian Sturgeon fingerlins (with the weight of 1-3 geram). Three hundred and sixty Persian Sturgeon fingerlins (Acipenser persicus) with 5 treatment and a group control each of which had 3 replicates and 36 aquariums with 20 litres capacity were used that in each aquarium 10 fingerlings were released. This research was performed based on the O.E.C.D. method. The amount of LC10, LC50, LC90 were specified by the method of Probit Analysis. During the experiment the temperature of water in aquarium was between 23.1-24.2 oc, the amount of dissolved oxygen was 6.57-7.48 mg/l, PH was 7.5-8.29 and the total hardness of the whole 330 mg/l. The result shows that the amount of LC50 of 96h Potassium Permanganate 0.41 mg/l, and Copper Sulfate is 0.16 mg/l. The amount of LC10, LC50, LC90 were specified by the method of Probit Analysis. The result shows that the amount of LC10, LC90 of 96h Potassium Permanganate 0.09, 1.939 mg/l and Copper Sulfate is 0.04, o.6 mg/l respectively. Based on (LC5096h<1) this antiseptics are considered toxic for the Persian sturgeon fingerlings.