JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY SCIENCE
Year:2008 | Volume:2 | Issue:3 (SERIES NO. 6)|Papers Count:8

In recent years, chronic and persistent bacterial infections is introduced as predisposing factors of acute myocardial infarction (MI) that is a main cause of health problem, worldwide. In this study, the relationship between previous Mycoplasma Pneumonia infection and further myocardial infarction is investigated by comparing of seropositivity rate of Mycoplasma Pneumonia in patients with (MI) and control group. In this retrospective descriptive study, 374 sera of patients and 185 sera of control groups were examined by a commercial quantitative specific mycoplasma pneumonia IgG-ELISA kit (EUROIMMUNE, Germany) simultanously. Results were analyzed by Qui square test in SPSS, version 16 softvere. We found no significant relationship between seropositivity to Mycoplasma Pneumonia (IgG) with sex (P=0.080), Age (P=0.700), occupation (P=0.080) and living place (P=0.150) but the relationship between history of previous acute febrile diseases, infective chest diseases, hypertension and MI with Mycoplasma Pneumonia was significant (P=0.003, P=0.004, P=0.003, P=0.003 consequently). Regarding to results of this study, it can be said that history of previous mycoplasma pneumonia infections can be considered as one of the etiological agents in MI.

Helicobacter Pylori colonize in gastric mucosa and causes disorders in upper gastro intestine. The clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection may be associated with or without Cag A or ice A genes.To investigate presence of cag A and ice A genes in Helicobacter pylori strains among patients with gastritis, Gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, 80 gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens were taken. Urease test was perfomed for all specimens that H.pylori strains were isolated from 25 patients. We Perfomed DNA extraction used allelic specific PCR to examine iceA and Cag A status of H.pylori isolates. H. pylori was isolated in 25 cases. The PCR method indicates prevalence of iceA gene in strains isolated from patients with gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer was 25%, 50% and 25% respectively. Additionally iceA1 gene was found in 75% of the isolates strains and it was predominant. Prevalence of cagA genes in strains isolated from patients with gastritis, Gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer was 36/36%, 50% and 16/16% respectively. According to the finding it is suggested the prescense of cagA gene in strains of Helicobacter pylori may play an important role in severity disorders or peptic ulcer. But in conclusion we cannot be suggested any of these gene tobe an determining the nature of clinical disease byH. pylori infection, Various geographiced region,may be associated with different frequency in cagA and iceA.

The purpose of this study was optimization of medium components and culture conditions in order to increase ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis PTCC 1718. At first, the effects of carbon, nitrogen and culture conditions were optimized by one-factor-at-a-time method. Then nutritional improvement was performed using Taguchi method as a fractional factorial design. The selected carbon sources were xylose, fructose, rafinose, lactose, manitol, maltose, sucrose and glucose. Also, the complex, inorganic and low cost substrate were whey, yeast extract, peptone, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, wheat bran, rice bran and potato extract, respectively. The results showed that among different carbon sources sucrose had significant effect on ethanol production. Due to use of low cost substrates sugar was used as carbon source instead of sucrose. Amongst, variety nitrogen sources whey, yeast extract, peptone and wheat bran were the most suitable sources, respectively. Wheat bran was amongst the low cost substrates. The optimum temperature, inoculums size and pH were 50oC, 12% (V/V) and 5/5, respectively. The results showed that omitting peptone and yeast extract form medium components decreased ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis PTCC 1718. So, peptone and yeast extract are necessary in medium formulation.  Optimization by Taguchi method was studied in two stages. Ethanol production was 2/67% (V/V) in the basal medium. After optimization with one-factor-at-a-time and Taguchi method the ethanol production was increased to 38/63% (V/V) and 86/07% (V/V), respectively.

One of important matters in aquaculture is acquire balance between rapid fish growth and optimum use of provided food. In culture kutum larval, feeding management is very important because suitable feeding in a good time can decrease survival and increase growth. This study has done with 8 treatments and 3 times repetition: Treatment A: one time feeding per day in 8 o'clock , Treatment B: two times feeding per day in 8 and 11 o'clock, Treatment C: three times feeding per day in 8, 11 and 14 o'clock, Treatment D: four times feeding per day in 8, 11, 14 and 17 o'clock. Each of treatments in this examination feeding regularity at 8, 11, 14, 17 hours. It's necessary to attention that rate of feeding is based on 15 percent of whole weight of larval body fishes on a day. Results indicated there was significant difference between weight and length gain (p<0/05). larval that feeding one time per day have most increasing weight and length and with increase numbers of feeding their weight and length decreased.

This study was conducted in Sefid-rud river of southern Caspian Sea and amounts of ionic (sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium) and metabolic (cholesterol, total protein and glucose) parameters in 35 maturated and 45 immature female Kutum blood were determined. Fish samples were collected monthly from March to May in 2008. Blood samples were taken from the caudal vessels. No abnormalities or pathological changes in the ovarian or body of the investigated fish were detected. The results showed that Sodium (178.93-180.07 mmol/l), potassium (2.9-3.2mmol/l), calcium (2.4-3.6 mmol/l) and magnesium (2.13-1.75 mmol/l) mmol/l in maturated and immature were maximum to minimum respectively and concentration of cholesterol (2321.32-1882.18mg/dl) was more than glucose (1653.73- 1266.67mg/dl) and glucose was more than total protein (28.04-44.13mg/dl) mg/dl in maturated and immature serum blood respectively. There was a significant correlation between calcium and total protein in maturated (4.24mmol/l, 3.04mg/dl) and immature specimen (8.02mmol/l, 4.11mg/dl) (P<0.01). The differentiation between glucose with cholesterol in maturated (87.73mg/dl, 475.29mg/dl) and immature specimen (45.04mg/dl, 347.26mg/dl) was significant (P<0.01). According to influence of ionic and nonionic blood’s plasma on regulation of reproduction and growth in kutum, can use in management of reproduction and culture of this valuable species.

Bacterial acute gastroenteritis is a common disease among children throughout the world, especially in developing countries. It usually is a self-limited disease, but improper management of an acute infection can lead to a protracted courage. Aim of this research is study of microbial and non-microbial agents involved in gastroenteritis in children and rate of sensitivity amongst isolated bacteria against different antibiotics. In this study 405 samples of stools were collected from outpatient and inpatient children with gastroenteritis in Lahijan’s hospitals. These samples were evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic conventional examinations, culturing and antibiogram. Amongst 405 conducted specimens, 134 samples were diagnosed as the microbial agents and the other 271 diagnosed as negative from the other of researchable agents. Amongst the microbial isolates, 120 cases (29.62%) were related to the bacteria and the other 14 isolates (3.455%) were parasitic agents. Out of isolated bacteria, 91 isolates (75.83%) EPEC, 21 isolates (17.5%) Shigella spp. 6 isolates (5%) Salmonella spp. and 2 isolates (1.67%) Aeromonas spp. Were isolated. Among isolated protozoa, 12 isolates (85.72%) Giardia lamblia 64.29%) cysts and 21.43% were trophozoites, 2 isolates (14.28%) Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites were confirmed. Based on Kirby bauer method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, determined that the majority of isolated bacteria were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole respectively, and the lowest rate of susceptibility for EPECs were against tetracycline and in the contrast Salmonellas and Shigellas had the most resistance rate to tetracycline, ampicillin, and furazolidone, whereas, Aeromonas species were completely resistant to Ampicillin, cephalotin and Amoxicillin. From statistically, and based on usage of X2 test determined, there was no relation between disease and sex, whereas the most prevalence rate was occurred within the 33-43 age groups.

In this experimental, in order to investigate the effects of probiotic (BioPlus 2B) and iron (Fe(So4)2(7H2O)) supplementation, a 60 day feeding experiment was conducted. 2700 alveins (average weight 0.135±0.01 gr) were selected and aqual share accidentally through the 27 throughs as 9 treatments with 3 replications. The application of probiotic and iron supplements were considered as: The First treatment was contained fish alevins that they fed by 1.6×109 CFU/g, The second treatment was contained by 1.2×109 CFU/g, The third treatment was contained by 7mg iron per kg of feed, The fourth treatment was contained 5mg iron per kg of feed, The fifth treatment was contained by 1.6×109 CFU/g and 7mg iron per kg of feed, The Sexth treatment was contained 1.6×10+ CFU/g with 5mg iron per kg of feed, The seventh treatment was contained 1.2×109 CFU/g with 7mg iron per kg of feed, The eighth treatment was contained 1.2×109 CFU/g with 5mg iron per kg of feed and the ninth treatment as control treatment (without supplementation with probiotic and iron). At the end of experiment, 5 and 7 treatments were recorded maximum number of Red Blood Cells (RBC) (×103 mm-3) (1.34±0.02 and 1.33±0.01, respectively), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) (g dL1) (14.97±0.07 and 14.83±0.08, respectively) and Haematocrite value (Hct) (%) (36.63±0.24 and 35.86±0.14, respectively) (P£0.05). Our findings support that administration of both probiotic and iron to feed, influenced the improvement of RBC, Hb and Hct values, and treatment contained 1.2×109 CFU probiotic/gr and 7mg iron per kg of feed, showed the best result.

Parasite infection of 256 specimens of Bream (Abramis brama orientalis) surveyed in Aras Dam Lake in the years of 2008-20009. According to the results, 5 parasites recognized. including Trichodina sp (prevalence=25%, Mean intensity±Standard=2.41±0.11 and Range in number 1-11, Gyrodactylus sp (prevalence=23/43%, Mean intensity±Standard=2.49±0.12 and Range in number1-8), Dactylogyrus sp(prevalence=10/54%, Mean intensity±Standard=1.81±0.09 and Range in number 1-6), Diplostomum sp metacercariae (prevalence=4/29%, Mean intensity±Standard=3.73±0.1 and Range in number 1-6) and Ligula intestinalis plerocercoid (prevalence=45/7%, Mean intensity±Standard=3.09±0.07 and Range in number 1-6). The frequency and infection of parasites were statiscally different between age classes, stages, male and female. In different age's most and latest prevalence infection due were 56/92% to L.intestinalis in 3+ and 0% to Dactylogyrus sp and Diplostomum sp in 2+ respectively. In different male most and latest prevalence infction due were 53/8% to L.intestinalis and 0% to Diplostomum sp respectively. In different female most and latest prevalence infection due were 44/6% to L.intestinalis and 5/39% to Diplostomum sp respectively. In different 4+ most and latest prevalence infections due were 56/92% to L.intestinalis and 4/61% to Dactylugyrus sp respectively. In different stages most and latest prevalence infections due were 71/65% to L.intestinalis in first stage and 17/3% to Diplostomum sp respectively in second stage. There species of Gyrodactylus sp and Diplostomum sp are reported in Bream for the first time from Aras Dam Lake.