Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences
Year:2001 | Volume:6 | Issue:2 (22)|Papers Count:21

Background: Peptic ulcer is among the most common diseases of GI tract in which hyperacidity occurs. Several evidences have confessed the inhibitory effects of systemic glucose administration on hyperacidity in rats and dogs. this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of intragastric administration D-gducoseon hyperacidity output in anesthetized rats.Materials and methods: 84 male rats in groups of 6 have entered our experimental study. For intragastric administration of different solutions, a polyethylenic tube was applied through esophagus, however, gastric contents were sent out via a plastic cannula. Gastric acidity was evaluated by base titration and results were reported as mEq/10 min. T-test, paired Hest, and ANOVA analyzed the obtained results. Results: Intravenous infusion of pentagastrin (mg/100g/hr) induced marked increase in gastric acid secretion (GAS) with a peak starting at 30th minute. Results have revealed that enhanced acid secretion was diminished applying 20mM D-glucose intragastrically. (48%±4.7) Washing glucose out reversed this effect of D-glucose. Different osmolality of glucose solution plays no role in decreasing GAS, meanwhile, no change in plasma glucose concentration was seen.Conclusion: intragastrically administration of D-glucose (without entering intestine or blood) has an apparently inhibitory effect on GAS, where altered glucose modification of intracellular pathways controlling GAS Seems to be the effective mechanism.

Background: Cardiac perfusion scan is a worldwide conventional method in diagnosis of IHD. Regarding the high prevalence; of IHD, inquiring easy and complete noninvasive methods are strongly recommended. Materials and methods: The present study was carried out on 86 patients referring to Shahid Modarres hospital since 1998 till 2000 to determine the positive predictive value of cardiac perfusion scan. All the patients had undergone cardiac perfusion scan (SPECT) before coronary angiography.Results: The mean age was 57.5±9 years and M/F ratio was 1.5. Cardiac perfusion scan had sensitivity of 95.1% and specificity of 44%, where the positive and negative predictive values were 80.6 and 78.6%. respectively. Meanwhile, LCX vessel had better sensitivity (94%) and positive predictive value (98%). False positive results were more common in female patients. (p<0.001).Conclusion: Cardiac perfusion scan has satisfactory positive predictive value in Iran.

Background: Regarding the high prevalence of iron deficiency and its complications in preschool children, and the necessity of employing combined methods besides supplementary iron, in 1999, the present study was designed to screen iron deficiency in 2-6 aged children of Tehran kindergartens and also to determine the efficacy of diel interventions.Materials and methods: In the first phase of this descriptive study, 2-6 aged children of 10 kindergartens supervised by Tehran Welfare Society were surveyed. To determine the iron status (anemia, depleted or decreased iron stroage) hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and transferring saturation were all evaluated. Then in the second phase, those diagnosed as iron deficiency anemia were randomly distributed in 3 groups: 1-case, 2- diet improvement via extra meal of citrous fruit after lunch, and 3- parental education according to the food pyramid. A questionnaire was filled before and after the intervention for each child. After 3-month follow up, blood samples were obtained from 62 children to determine the efficacy of interventions on iron deficiency.Results: Anemia depleted iron storage, and decreased iron storage was reported in 11.4%, 62.8%, and 15.1% of 438 stlldiedchildren,respectively.10.7%of the children were normal No significant statistically difference was found considering hemoglobin and transferring saturation rate???? Before intervention, the serum ferritin was 8.9±3.1, 9.5±3.7, and 6.9±23 mg/dl in the three groups, respectively, whereas after the intervention it was reported 6.9±3.5, 11.2±5 and 10.7±5.9 mLg/dl, respectively. So considering serum ferritin significant statistically difference was noted between the case group and other two groups. (p<0.05) The frequent usage or fruit and fruit juices after a main meal in the 2nd and 3rd groups have shown significant relation with Serum ferritin. Conclusion: The frequent usage of enriched fruit juices with vitamin C after a main meal, at least 5 times a week, could induce significant changes in serum ferritin in 3 month. So parents' education would not only increase iron storage but also could prevent iron deficiency and its complications that in turn would maintain healthful life.

Background: Regarding the high prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome and problems of NCV and EMG as standard diagnostic tests, and also with respect to the lack of empiric studies considering sensory evoked potential, this study has been conducted to determine the efficacy of sensory evoked potential in diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.Materials and methods: It was a clinical trial. First, sensory evoked potential was performed on 100 normal hands. The mean difference between N20 latency of 3rdfinger with N20 latency of carp (median nerve territory) and then the mean difference between N20 latency of 3rd finger with N20 latency of 5th finger (ulnar nerve territory) has determined the upper limit normal, that was reported 6 ms and 1.5m.s, respectively.Results have explained as mean±3SD) Results above the mentioned figures have been considered as carpal tunnel syndrome. Then, those suspected individuals have undergone sensory evoked potential to determine their disease. Finally a neurologist, who was unaware of diagnosis, achieved NCV and EMG (as gold standard diagnostic methods) and specified the definite diagnosis. Positive and negative predictive values of sensory evoked potential were determined. Results: 61 hands of 46 patients have entered our study. The mean age was 36±8.08 years, and most of the patients were female. Positive and negative predictive value was 97% and 35.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Results have implied that sensory evoked potential has satisfactory positive predictive value in diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome, but whether the low negative predictive value seen in our study was due to few sample. or not seeks other studies with enough samples.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the leading cause of disability in young adults. Lots of studies considering the epidemiological indices of multiple sclerosis are exist worldwide, but unfortunately, no thorough study has been conducted in our country.Materials and methods: It was a descriptive study. Different sources were used to find cases, such as hospital registration units, TV, newspapers, and so on.Results: 163 individuals with definite MS (according to the poser's criteria) have been identified since January till March 2000. F/M ratio was 3.5. The mean onset age was 28 and the average disease duration was 7 years. Totally 74.6% of the candidate had diploma or higher education level. 68.6% were married and 2.5% had divorced. Positive family history was reported in 16 patients (I 0.1%). The most common presenting symptoms were: motor weakness (44.2%), parenthesis (27%), and sensory defects (23%). The mean of hospital admission was 1.4±1.7. Results have revealed that MS is more common in individuals with high education level. The mean of EDSS (Expanded Disability Scoring System) was 4. Conclusion: The mean of EDSS seems to be similar in Iranian and noniranian populations, mean while, considering prognosis no significant statistically difference was noted between two societies.

Background: Regarding the importance of uterine volume in different ages for clinical aspects and controversies about the affecting factors in this field, the present study was performed on patients referring to Taleghani hospital in 1999.Materials and methods: 400 women had entered our cross sectional study. Initial data including: the age of menarche and menopause; number of pregnancy, delivery, and abortion; the last pregnancy; history of pelvic surgery; using contraceptive methods; and using HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy) were all recorded. Then, length, width, and posterio-anterior diameter of uterus were measured using sonography. The linear and non-linear correlation between any of the above factors with uterus size was evaluated and the differences were analyzed using t -test, and Mann Whitney U test. Results: The mean age was 31.7± 15.7 years. The uterine volume was measured 51.9±27.1 mm3 (1.3-163.6 mm3). The linear correlation between uterine volume and age (r=0.24), duration of breastfeeding (r=0.29), the last pregnancy (r=0.30), and duration of having IUD (r=0.26) was direct but weak, whereas between uterine volume and age of menopause (r= -0.25), history of pelvic surgery (r= -0.25), using contraceptive methods(r= -0.36), and taking OCP (r= -0.33) was indirect and weak. Uterine volume in menopausal women was significantly lower than those in fertile age. (p<0.001).Conclusion: Uterine volume was mainly correlated with age, so that calculating patterns have been introduced for pradical usage.

Background: Arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) is an invasive and complicated method that could not be satisfactory managed in all patients. ABG is mainly used during anesthesia, especially for prolonged operations and patients with respiratory disease. Regarding the previous studies demonstrating the correlation between ABG and CBG, this study has been carried out on patients referring to Taleghani and Shaheed Modarres hospitals in 2000, to determine this correlation.Materials and methods: 50 adults undergone general anesthesia had entered our descriptive study. Arterial and capillary blood samples were taken simultaneously, using two different techniques. Paired t- test was used and correlation was determined.Results: 50 patients (40% male and 60% female) with mean age of 45±9 years were surveyed. Considering PH, the difference was 0.5±0.3 (63.9%) which was not statistically significant. The determined differences for PO2, bicarbonate and PO2 were 4±0.5 mmHg (5.7%), 2±0.5 meq(4.8%), and 10±7 mmHg (7.4%), respectively. These results were not statistically significant, too.Conclusion: Correlation ratio of 0.6-0.95 seems to be satisfactory. So, CBG could be a suitable and reliable alternative for ABG. Further studies are strongly recommended.

Background: Regarding the unpredictable extension of block in spinal anesthesia, as a golden choice for anesthesia in cesarean section, we have studied some of the most important factors in sensory level of spinal anesthesia.Materials and methods: This descriptive study has been carried out on 204 candidates for cesarean section in Mahdieh hospital since 1999 till 2000. Using a standard technique, spinal anesthesia was induced in 204 term parturients to survey the correlation between patients' height, weight, and vertebral column length with spread, intensity, and duration of adequate sensory blockade. Patients were given three separate doses of lidocaine 5% hyperbaric in addition to 0.2mg epinephrine based on their height. Spinal anesthesia was induced via L3-L4 interspace using a Quincke type needle No.25 in sitting position. Then, they turned to supine horizontal position, immediately. 15 minutes later, the analgesia level was measured using pinpick test.Results: We were unable to establish significant correlation between height (141-180 cm), weight (43- 07 kg), or vertebral cnlumn length (39-51 cm) with the spread of spinal anesthesia (high spinal- T10). Conclusion: Results have revealed that in term parturients, height, weight, vertebral column length, or drug dosage could not significantly affect the spread of spinal anesthesia. Another study over a greater number of the patients or with a single dose of drug is highly recommended.

Background: Determining the allowance energy requirement and comparing it with energy intake in different societies could be a suitable guideline for evaluating the nutritional health. Measuring the energy requirement was managed according to the WHO/FAO and RDA recommendations. The present study was performed to determine the energy intake of residents in District 13th in Tehran and compare it with recommended allowance values.Materials and methods: 403 individuals, including 145 men and 151 women aged 25-50 years, and 57 men and 50 women over 50 years, had been selected randomly through Tehran urban residents. Height, weight, size of waist and hip were all measured using standard techniques, then BMI (Body Mass Index) and WHR (Waist to Hip Ratio) were calculated. Then, with respect to the allocated coefficients (per kilogram and basal energy), the mean energy allowance was determined for different age and sex groups and compared with the values recommended by WHO/FAO and RDA. Energy intake to basal metabolism ratio of less than 1.27 was used to identify under-reporting. Physical activity was determined according to the LRC questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly higher in female in comparison to male (p<0.001) and in young female in comparison to older individuals. (p<0.05) Less than a third of samples had high physical activity, where female had significantly lesser physical activity. (p<0.01)Total energy requirement in different studied societies was lesser than those recommended by RDA. Underreporting was recorded 40% in the female societies.Conclusion: Considering the results, changes in life habit in order to improve nutritional patterns and promoting physical activities to diminish high prevalence of obesity and overweight is strongly recommended in Tehran urban society. Meanwhile, for exact estimation of energy intake, especially in women, newly revised methods are required.

Background: Non Ulcer Dyspepsia (NUD) is among the most common causes of referring to gastroenterologists, which has unknown etiology. The role of Helicobacter Pylori infection in NUD and the effects of therapy are not obvious, and review of literature has shown deep controversies in this field. The present study has been conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori infection and also the effects of therapy on symptoms removal in patients with NUD referring to Shohada-e – Tajrish hospital since 1996till 1998.Materials and methods: To determine the role of Helicobacter Pylori infection in NUD, a case-control study was conducted over 124 individuals (83 as the case and 41 as the control group), whereas, to survey the effects of therapy, an experimental study was performed over 36 individuals (18 as the case and 18 as the control group). The case group was received triple therapy of Bismuth sub citrate + Metronidazole + Amoxicillin, and the control was given Ranitidin + Antiacid. Then, the clinical features before and after the therapy was cOlllpared in both groups. The efficacy of therapy was assessed a month later with endoscopy and urease test.Results: The prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori infection was reported 43.3% and 19.5% in the case and control group, respectively. (p<0.01) Helicobacter Pylori infection has increased the risk of NUD incidence by 3.2. In the second phase, 36 patients with NUD were distributed in two groups of case (18) and control (18). They have been compared regarding the symptoms' severity after two and six weeks. At the end of the 2ndweek, nocturnal epigastria pain was the only symptom shown greater decrease in the case group (p<0.08), whereas, at the end of the 6thweek, both nocturnal and daily epigastric pain shown greater decrease in the case group. (p<0.05) Other symptoms have shown no significant difference between the two groups. Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori revealed to be successful in 66.6%.Conclusion: Patients with NUD are 3.2 times as likely as normal individuals to be infected with Helicobacter Pylori. Triple therapy seems to be effective in patients with NUD, especially for removal of nocturnal and daily epigastric pain.

Background: Cirrhosis, with an unknown mechanism, is a predisposing factor in biliary stone formation, Biliary stone has been reported in 30% of the cirrhotic patients, however, no reliable data are exist here in Iran. Considering the complications of these stones, especially in the cirrhotic patients, which are among the most vulnerable groups, this study has been carried out to determine the prevalence of biliary stone in cirrhotic patients.Materials and methods: This descriptive study has been conducted over 198 cirrhotic patients hospitalized in Taleghani hospital since 1995 till 1999. Results: 77% or the patients were male and the remaining 23% were female. Most of the individuals were aged 41-50 years. Hepatitis B was the most common etiology (50%). Among 198 cirrhotic patients; biliary stone was reported in 15, biliary sludge in 7, and biliary stone and biliary sludge together were found in 2. No significant correlation was established between the etiology of cirrhosis and child grading with biliary stone prevalence.Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of biliary stone in cirrhotic patients was much lesser than the previous ones, however, the reason of this significant difference is unclear. Further studies are strongly recommended in order to determine the role of interventional factors such as the etiology of cirrhosis, age, diet and other unknown factors.

Background: The prevalence of acute purulent otitis media (APOM) complications is unknown in Iran, and no exact statistical data are exist. Materials and methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 2000 school-aged children (7-11 years) in Mianeh in 1995, to determine the prevalence of APOM complications. 100 children were randomly chosen through each primary school (10 girls' schools and 10 boys' schools). Then, complications including perforation of tympanic membrane, tympanosclerosis, neotympane, and serous otitis were surveyed using otoscopy; the size of adenoid was measured by radiology, and the size of tonsils was determined by direct observation.Results: 2000 school-aged children (M/F=I) have entered our study. The prevalence of tympanic membrane perforation, tympanosclerosis, neotympane, and serous otitis were determined 0.7%, 1.6%, 6.4%, and 4.8%, respectively.Conclusion: Results have revealed that considering APOM complications, Iran has a satisfactory status; however, educating parents and routine examinations in pre-school children could be helpful.

Background: Regarding the prevalence of osteoid osteoma and its known complications and also with respect to the controversies in diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of this disease, the present study was conducted on patients referring to Taleghani hospital since 1986 till 1997.Materials and methods: It was a case series study, where the diagnosis was made according to the clinical manifestations, especially nocturnal pain, and other paraclinical facilities. Patients were treated by EN-BIoc-excision or shaving, and at least one month later pain and other paraclinical parameters were surveyed among them.Results: 15 individuals with mean age of 15.6±3.7years and M/F=3.5 had entered this study. Lower to upper exttemity ratio was 13 to 2. Fourteen patients had undergone operation, where no recurrence has been reported, and pain was relieved in a patient spontaneously 6 years after the onset.Conclusion: Diagnosis and exact locating of the nidus and excision are the most important factors in osteoid osteoma management. Other experimental studies are recommended.

Background: Regarding the high prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and unawareness of the disease status in Iran, and also with respect to the controversies about the etiology, age of onset, etc; this study has been carried out on patients referred to Taleghani, Shohada- e- Tajrish, and Loghman Hakim hospitals since 1992 till 1996, to determine the status of disease.Materials and methods: In this existing data study, all the patients with established diagnosis of lBD were surveyed and personal characteristic Gshad determined.Results: 59 patients had entered our study, where Crohn's disease was reported in 4, and Ulcerative Colitis and Intermittent Colitis were reported in 48 and 7, respectively. Mean age was 42±31 years. Diarrhea and rectorrahgia were the most common symptoms. (seen in 64.5%).Conclusion: It seems as if Crohn's disease has lower prevalence in our country, meanwhile, IBD was diagnosed in elder patients here in Iran. Symptoms have shown slight differences with those described in other studies.

Background: Regarding the high prevalence of UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) and increasing tendency for using phenazopyridine, and also with respect to the problems originating in importing this product, the present study was achieved with the aim of synthesis and physicochemical control of phenazopyridine HCI. Materials and methods: Different techniques had been used for phenazopyridine synthesis, however, a technique with higher yield and purity was employed. Results: Final product was achieved with 91% yield and 99% purity, meanwhile, its physicochemical properties were in accordance with USP.Conclusion: Results have revealed that phenazopyridine synthesis with satisfactory purity is practical, here in Iran.

Background: Entering the university is an important course during one man's life, in which multiple changes had occurred in human and his social relationships. Meanwhile, high grade of pressure anxiety could occur which affords personal affairs. Referring to the Students Counseling Center had increased during the recent years. This could be due to lots of problems that seek suitable services and interventions. The present study was conduced with the aim of determining these problems in university students, so that considering the results, the necessity of present policy of mental health including counseling, psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy could be felt.Materials and methods: Mental disorder prevalence was determined in daily courses freshman students of Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 1998. All the students were evaluated in November (mid term). The) have received two questionnaires, the first was standard General Health questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28), and till other was a demographic one.Results: Results have revealed that the students in the cast of doubt to affect any kind of mental disorder were 30.4% (174 individuals). Results have been compared between the two groups (affected and nonaffected) according to the sex, homeland, marriage status, interest in courses, economic status, medical illness, family history of mental disorder, separation of the family, and working during their studies. Results have shown higher prevalence of mental disorder in females, single students, non-interested students, individuals with previous medical illness, patients with positive family history and those living apart from their families. III the meanwhile, significant statistical relationship was found between non interested students, those with medical illness, low economic status, positive family history, separation of family and working with mental disorders. (p<0.005) The highest prevalence rate of mental disorder was seen in Rehabilitation Faculty students (47.17%), however, the least rate was reported in Faculty of Nutrition and Food Industry.( 20.3%).Conclusion: Results have revealed the necessity of intervention and counseling service, so that more effective programming should be introduced for the young adults.

Background: Increasing the number of old population and specific disease related to this group of society and also with respect to the lack of registered studies in this field, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the epidemiology of skin disease in old patients hospitalized in Loghman Hakim hospital since 1991 till 1996.Materials and methods: This study of existing data type was performed on patients above 65 years old who have been hospitalized in Loghman Hakim hospital during the recent 6 years due to skin disease, the the demographic data as well as necessary information considering their illness were all gathered. Results: 311 individuals (65% male and 35% female) have entered our study. Mean age was 71.9 years. Psoriasis was the most common cause of admission, however, generally skin tumors, with prevalence of 24.7%, were found more common. Other skin diseases have prevalence as below: psoriasis 21.5%, BCC 17%, pemphigus 12.2%, herpes zoster 11.2%, eczema 11.2%, SCC 5.4%, and others 21.5%. Highest average age was seen in herpes zoster (73.6 years), meanwhile, it was the only disease that had higher prevalence in females.Conclusion: Determining the etiology and introducing preventive techniques seek more studies. Further investigations could be achieved in skin disease clinics to clarify its epidemiology and complications.

Background: Considering the major role of proteins in healing, growth, and development and also with respect to the complications related to the red proteins and general tendency of taking white proteins, this study has compared the effects of fish silage, fish powder and their mixture on condition factor and growth of rainbow trout in Jajroud Research Center, 1998-99.Materials and methods: This experimental study was carried out on 270 rainbow trout’s with mean weight of 62±15 gr in Jajroud. Trouts were randomly divided in three groups of case 1, case 2, and control.Fish silage was used as protein source. Each 15 days the following data were gathered: total length and fork length by biometry board; weight by a sensitive device, and condition factor using the standard formula.Paired t -test and ANOVA were used as statistical tests. Results: Primary weight and length were similar in these groups, however, final weight in the control, case 1, and case 2 group was 146.5±0.81, 68.3±23.3 and 156.5±10.9 respectively. Significant statistically difference of 19.7 was found between the case 1 and control group. (p<0.05) Condition factor in the control group was reported 1.17±0.03, where as this index was reported in the case 1and 2 groups 1.35±0.25 and 1.43±0.12, respectively. The difference of 13.15% between case 1 and the control group was statistically significant. (p<0.05).Conclusion: Equal mixture of fish silage and powder seems to act more effectively than fish powder itself. Further studies an: highly recommended.