JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN CROP SCIENCES
Year:2013 | Volume:5 | Issue:19|Papers Count:12

To investigate the effects of potassium and planting methods on yield and some agronomical traits of local variety rice In Khoy, an experiment was carried in 2011 the on fields of Marakan village of Khoy, W. Azerbaijan, Iran. The effect of two planting methods (direct seeding and transplanting) and 4 potassium amounts (0, 60, 120, 180 kg/ha) were evaluated, using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at 8 treatments. The results showed that potassium amounts on tiller number were significant at 1% level. Effects of planting methods on grain yield (paddy), number of tiller and biological yield was significant at 1% level, on plant height it was at 5 % level. Also the interaction between potassium and planting method was not significant by anyone of the experimental components. In estimation of the simple correlation between traits, grain yield was positively correlated with the number of tiller (r=0.626**), biological yield (r=0.610**), and Significant at 1 % level. The almost yield of paddy, in this experiment, was 7389.38 kg per hectare and the lowest belonged to the direct seeding 6474.57kg per hectare which indicated its priority in 12.4% in relation to the direct seeding.

Foliar application of microelements is one of the effective methods in promoting quantitative and qualitative levels of agricultural crops, which in addition to removing nutrient deficiency of plants can also economize the usage of fertilizers. To evaluate the effect of foliar application of micro elements on yield and yield components of oil sunflower (var. Iroflor), an experiment based on RCBD design, including 10 treatments and 3 replications were conducted in Agricultural Research Station of West Azerbaijan in 2009. The fertilizers used were: T1, Disper Complex in R1 & R6 stages; T2, complete liquid fertilizer in R1 and R6 stages; T3, Disper Chelate Plus in R1 and R6 stages; T4 Disper Complex in R1 stage; T5, complete liquid fertilizer in R1 stage; T6 Disper Chelate Plus in R1 stage; T7, Disper Complex in R6 stage; T8, complete liquid fertilizer in R6 stage; T9, Disper Chelate Plus in R6 stage; T10 no application (control). The results obtained from the analysis of variance of the data showed that the treatment with the application of complete Liquid fertilizer in both two stages (T2), had the most significant impact on grain yield, oil yield, harvest index, grain numbers in head, one thousand-grain weight, and percentage of oil and protein, in a way that grain yield in this treatment had 20 percent increase compared to control one. The highest porosity with 8.43 percentages was observed in control treatment.

In order to evaluate the effects of different levels of nitrogen on seed yields in safflower spring cultivars, a factorial experiment which design was randomized complete block design with 4 replications conducted at research farm of Islamic Azad University, Pars Abad Moghan Branch in 2010.The treatments including nitrogen fertilizer levels (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) and varieties in three levels (Zarghan 279, Varamin 295 and Arak 2811). Results showed that the effects of varieties and nitrogen were significant on all traits except oil percentage. With increasing of nitrogen to 100 kg/ha, seed yield and yield components were increased, but application of greater amounts of nitrogen decreased those traits. Different treatments of nitrogen fertilizer had no effect on oil percentage, but application of 100 and 150 kg/ha nitrogen increased oil yield via increasing seed yield. Response of cultivars to nitrogen fertilizer treatments was no similar and the highest grain yield obtained in Zarghan 279 cultivar (2814 kg/ha) in the second fertilizer treatment (100 kg/ha). Based on the results of the present study, variety of Zarghan 279 and 100kg/ha nitrogen could be recommended for Moghan region. As the effect of varieties was not significant on oil yield, depends on the availability, each of the varieties can be cultivated in this region.

In order to study the effect of sowing date and plant density on the phenology, Morphology and yield of corn Sc-704 in Gorgan a field experiment was conducted at Gorgan Reaserch Station during 2008 growing season. In this experiment seven sowing dates (Apr 19, May 4, May19, Jun 3, Jun 18, Jul 3 and Jul 18) and two plant densities (45000 and 65000 plants per hectare) were evaluated in a factorial experiment using randomized complete block design with four replications. Some important factors related to grain yield including phenological stages, such as tassel, pollen and silk emergence, physiological maturity dates, duration of grain filling on the basis of days after planting cumulative growing degree days, thermal unit, were measured. Also some of morphological traits were evaluated. Results showed that phenological stages and cumulative growing degree for each stage were influenced by sowing date. Two factors, increase temperature in pollination stage and decrease temperature in duration grain filling with delay sowing date reduced yield. Morphological traits influenced by sowing date and plant density and interaction between them. Yield and yield components were influenced by study factors. Maximum grain yield and it' s components were in first stage of sowing date (10254.9 t/ha) and minimum grain yield was in late of sowing date (5198.6 t/ha) as grain yield in the seventh sowing date in comparison with the first of sowing date showed more than 50 percent decrease.

To investigate the effects of growth stimuli and biological fertilizers humus PK on yield and yield components of safflower, a field experiment was conducted in the 2010 crop year in Agricultural Research Center, Uremia Saatloo in a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor in this study (a1= a humus fertilizer messenger and a2 =nothing humus fertilizer messenger) and the second factor included control treatment and 5 growth stimuli in this study (Stimurel, Folammina, Rizammina, HB-101 and Force) respectively. Measured in this study included the number of seeds per plant, boll number per plant, grain per boll, weight of seeds per plant, branch number, branch length, seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index. The highest yield in application mode with growth Folammina (3191 kg ha) and the lowest yield of control treatment without growth stimuli (1366 kg ha), respectively.The highest biological yield in application mode with growth Folammina (6968 kg ha) and lowest biological yield related to the control treatment (4465 kg ha). The results of this experiment showed that application of biological humus Folammina messenger and stimulating growth and increased seed yield and oil Rizammina safflower and conditions of this experiment can be used.

Calcareous and alkaline condition in Iran soil and little amount of organic matter, was resulted reduction rate was less than potential yield. This research was conduct in order to study the effect of two soil amendments materials on yield and quality of wheat in sunflower- wheat crop rotation system a using 2*4 in a factorial experiment based on r completely randomized block design whit three replications. Fertilizer used based on soil testing result. In this research sulfur were 4 levels, 0, 200, 400 and 600 kg/ha, manure fertilizer were 3 levels 0, 20 and 40 t/ha. In total plates nitrogen fertilizer as the same rate applied in two years of experiment, but organic matter and sulfur applied in first year of experiment and second year of experiment, was studied the effect of this factors on yield and quality of wheat. Results showed that the main effect of sulfur had significant effect on grain number in tiller, 1000 kernel weight, biological and grain yield. Harvest index and protein content, and the main effect of organic matter had significant effect on all traits, thus the most grain yield to rate 5249 kg/ha obtained from using of 600 kg/ha sulfur and 20 ton/ha manure fertilizer. Whit investigation of all trait in this research, conclusion, in order to increasing of yield and quality of wheat, the use of sulfur in 600 kg/ha and manure fertilizer is necessary.

The effect of different ratios of NO3: NH4 (100: 0, 80: 20, 60: 40) on some growth parameters, including the wet and dry weights of vegetative organs (root, leaf, stem), concentration of soluble carbohydrates and photosynthetic pigmentation (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll and carotenoids) have been studied in corn 704 cultivar in this research. The attained results showed that with the reduction ratio of NO3: NH4 from 100: 0 to 80: 20, the weight of wet root and leaf and the weight of wet and dry stem were reduced and with its reduction from 80: 20 to 60: 40 they were increased; while in the stem, with the reduction of the ratio of NO3: NH4 from 100: 0 to 80: 20 it was increased and with its reduction from 80: 20 to 60: 40 it was once more decreased. The highest soluble sugar concentrations were in the ratio of 60: 40 in the root and the difference between the other two ratios was not significant. The evaluation of the ratio of NO3: NH4 to 60: 40, the concentration of chlorophyll a and carotenoids were increased. Their difference in the two ratios was not meaningful. The concentration of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were decreased with the reduction of NO3: NH4. Anyhow the different levels of the two ratios of 80: 20 and 60: 40 were not meaningful.

Protein is an essential nutrient for human nourishment. A part of protein requirement of the people is provided by legumes. In order to determine the effects of iron fertilizers and elemental sulfur on quality and quantity traits of spotted bean cultivars a factorial experiment with 18 treatments and three replications was conducted in kheirabad research station for three years in Zanjan agriculture research center. Iron fertilizer and sulfur treatments were: soil application of ferrous sulphate (100 kg/ha) and iron chelate (10 kg/ha) foliar application of ferrous sulphate soil application of elemental sulfur with thiobacillus (400 kg/ha) and soil application of elemental sulfur without thiobacillus. Spotted bean cultivars were COS16, Sadri and a local cultivar. Iron fertilizers and elemental sulfur were applied to soil before sowing but foliar application of ferrous sulphate was performed before and after flowering stages. During growing period and after harvest plant height, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, 100 Seeds weight and plant infection to pests and diseases were measured. In the flowering stage, leaf samples from different treatments were prepared and used for chemical analysis. After harvest, seed yield, protein and iron contents of seed and plant biomass were measured in each treatment were obtained. Results showed that between yield cultivars and treatments, there was a statistically significant difference. Sadri varieties had the highest yield (3035 kg), seed weight (42.26 kg) and height (60.3 cm) and COS16 line lowest yield (2596 kg), seed weight (33.37 grams) and height (28.5 cm). Iron sulfate (kg 100) with 3099 kg had highest effect on yield. Interaction between treatments and cultivars on yield, plant height and iron was significant. Sadri cultivar produced the highest yield in response to iron sulfate (3393.5 kg) and the lowest yield (2780.2 kg) in response to treatment 400 kg of agricultural sulfur with Thiobacillus.

This test was performed to study the effects of nitrogen, potassium and plant density on yield and yield components of Confeta Hybrid Sunflower in a field in Var road of Khoy. It was done as a 2 factorial test in complete random block. Confeta Hybrid were compared in 3plant density of 4.5, 5.5, 6.5 in square meter and nitrogen and potassium manure with the rate of 75, 100 and 125 percent regarding their yield and plant yield components and some qualititative and quantitative characteristics. Results show that the effect of plant density on petals diameter, weight of 100 seeds, p height, stem diameter, oil percent, biologic yield, seed yield and harvest index was significant.Effect of fertilizer on seed height was significant, too. Results show that increasing fertilizer consumption from 75 to 125 percent, increases seed performance from 353.69 gram to 500.67 gr/m2 Biologic yield increased from 1172.62 up to 1364.84 gr/m2.Seed yield increased from 399.29 up to 460.13 by increasing plant density from 4.5 to 5.5. According to one year results of this study, 5.5 plant densities in each square meter is recommended for Confeta hybrid sunflower as well as nitrogen and potassium consumption up to 125 percent.

To study the effect of iron foliar application on grain yield and its components in dryland wheat cultivars, a split plot experiment was carried out in 2012-2013 in Kermanshah, based on randomized complete blocks design with three repetitions. Treatments included time of foliar application with 3 levels (At tillering, heading and non - spray (control)) as main plots and cultivars in 4 levels (Sardari, Rijav, Biseton and Rashid) as subplot. Treats were number of spike per square meter, number of grain per spike, 1000-kernel weight, grain yield, and biological yield and harvest index. Results showed that time of application had significant effects on studied traits. Mean comparison showed that iron sprayed at tillering time had better effect and without spraying effect on all the characters had the least impact. Also it had significant effect on the studied characteristics as the highest number of spike (m2), number of grains per spike, 1000 kernel weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index, were with 456.3 spike, 13.1 grain, 35.6 g, 1943 kg/ha, 6885 kg/ha and 30.90 %, respectively belonged to the Rijav cultivar and the lowest amount of traits with a mean of 401.3 spike, 11.8 grain, 31.3 g, 1350 kg/ha, 6425 kg/ha and 21.01% belonged to Rashid. The spraying time × different cultivars on 1000 kernel weight and grain yield was significant in both iron foliar spray at tillering and heading Rijhav cultivar and Rashid had average of the highest and lowest respectively. According to the results, the best and most suitable time for iron spraying on dry land wheat is tillering stage of plant in Kermanshah and similar region.