PERSIAN LITERATURE (BAHARESTAN SOKHAN)
Year:2017 | Volume:14 | Issue:35 |Papers Count:16

There are several types of poetry with the social and moral themes in the context of a millennium Persian literature which are considered the most important cultural media in Iranian society. These concepts, under the impact of Islamic culture (The Qur'an and progeny) with the title of benevolence and goodness, dissemination of spiritual beauty and ethico-social messages have allocated themselves to human beings in a vast dimension. Having dealt with social and moral principles like combating against despotism, inclination to chastity, anti egotism, freedom, uttering the codes and secrets of practical wisdom in life, we've discussed about its pathology in the dimension of disappointment, pessimism, lack of chastity, women's contempt, depreciation of wisdom, and invitation to virtual love by bringing some examples from works of some great poets in Persian literature.

From the ancient times to the industrial developments, in the recent centuries, the horse has had impressive role in the life of human societies and has found specific value in each period of history; so as one can find its profound presence in the battlefields, banquets, in generosity and also in the far distant travels of man. It has played critical role in the fighting arena and had had close connection with the hero's victory in agility. With a little pondering, we can conclude that the quick and dynamic movement of the hoofs of the horse is related to the fate of the hero and is relatively tied with the consequence of war. All together the horse constitutes the three columns of war. In the epic texts of Iran, especially in the Shahnameh, it has frequently been alluded to this noble animal. The present article tries to reveal the presence and the role of this animal in heroic and epic poetry after the Shahnameh in works like: the Garshasbnameh, the Bahmannameh, the Kooshnameh, and the Faramarznameh.

The purpose of this study is the analysis of motifs in Ghazaleh Alizadeh's short stories. Motif refers to any recurrent and unifying element in a story which connects the elements of the story to one another. This study briefly sheds light on Ghazaleh Alizadeh's life and thoughts and focuses on her book entitled with Ghazaleh to Nowhere. The collection and analysis of the motifs in her stories is a gateway to determine the process and pattern of her thoughts.

Mahmoud Dowlatabadi is one of the authors who paid attention to Russian translated works after the events of Shahrivar 1320 in Iran. This regard had undeniable effect on his works. He was influenced by Dostoevsky's style in the novel of the Brothers Karamazov in creating his long novel the Kleider. Recent themes in the novel of the Brothers Karamazov impressed severely Dowlatabadi and resulted in emerging those specifications in the kleider. The phenomenon of patricide is one of them. Considering women's problems, psychoanalysis characteristics, thinking about death, etc. are the matters taken from Dostoevsky's style. These are the samples which indicate Dowlatabadi's impressibility from Dostoevsky's works.

Sacred Defense poetry expresses the universal sense of responsibility than eight years of sacred defense of our Islamic homeland Heroism achievements and draw courage holy warriors of Islam against the enemies of Iran is always a requirement due to the nature of literature and influence on the generation of Young, literature sustainability of the duct to convey a message to future generations war and revolution is a right time and a right way to incorporate content in the textbooks, especially during secondary stability literature.This paper is a study on the role of sustainability in the books of Persian literature in secondary school. In this study, we believe that sustainability components In Books Persian literature secondary school examination with content analysis and the definition of sustainability specify what percentage of the content of the books of Persian literature of the course is dedicated to sustainability literature and the literature what is sustainable.

A subject of considerable research in literature is mystics' relationships with kings and the dominant discourse on it. We'll try, in this paper, to survey letter No. 15 from Abdorrahman Jaami, the theosophist and poet in Teymoorid era, to Sultan Hossein Bayqara by the aim of specifying its role and function, dominant style, identifying the most used words of the theme and action as well as the power and ideology of the writer toward the ruling class of the time.The authors of this study, based on situational context, using the descriptive-analytic theory of Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis at three levels of description, interpretation and explanation of the questions have tried to answer them. We found that Jaami, in an honorable mystical position, influenced the Sultan and kept him from war and bloodshed and urged him for reconciliation, justice and resort to God's succor. The implied approach of this letter, besides secure the writer's scepter, is reproducing a pan-Islamistic way of governance and abbatial political ideology of Naghshbandyeh religious cult.

Color is a means for showing and describing real and mental events which human has seen in the nature. This factor is considered as one of the most powerful means for discovering the man's spirit and insight. In psychology, color is one of the measuring scales of personality since each of them explains the mental and physical situations of human being. We know that poets have been aware of the brilliant role of colors to influence their addressers' mind. Molavi is one of these poets and has used the means of colors skillfully. We can say that perhaps color is the most effective and efficient factor for describing emotional and mental portraits which had an important part in contrasting with each other. In this article, we have tried to explain the functions of black, white, red and yellow colors and their contrast and association with some words.

Human dignity has profound impact on humanistic and Islamic thoughts. It is a privilege allocated to man since creation, regardless to his religion, culture, language, race, nationality, kinship and ethnicity. In fact the inherent human dignity has made people exploit their capabilities in freedom and innovation in different fields of society. The Lord of the worlds in the Holy Qur'an says: " And We have honored the children of Adam ………. " in this verse and other verses and traditions (hadiths) emphasis is on the inherent dignity of human beings which includes the Human Rights recently declared. The second type of human dignity is an acquired one and is defined as the man's relationships with God. "The most honorable of you with Allah, is the best in conduct ……. " which is attainable to man. We've tried, in this paper, to investigate the human dignity from the view point of Western ideology based on the thoughts and lyrics of Imam Khomeini (R.A.).

In patriarchal system, wickedness and blight have overfilled the whole body of a woman. Classical literary Persian texts like the literature of most nations is ample with disdainful look at the woman. The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi which illustrates the presence of women on the battlefields and in the banquet circles, more than other literary texts, may have concordance with other texts. Based on this theory and regarding the characteristics and traits which are attributed to the women in the Shahnameh, we have tried, in this article, to study the women's stance from Ferdowsi's view point. This library and predicative study shows that although Ferdowsi, in many lines of his poetry talked unfavorably about the women, his main purpose was their character rather than their sexuality. Whenever he reprimands the women, he reproaches a specific woman regardless of sex. Anyhow, the dominance of thought atmosphere is vividly seen in the Shahnameh.

The Israelites refer to stories or events which have been taken mainly from Jewish resources. They have broader implications in the interpreters. Islamic scholars have attributed them to the superstitious ideas of Jewish people who had been converted to Islam in the first century of Anno-Hijrat. Coordination of the Holy Qur'an with some topics of the Torah and the Bible and the inclination of their followers to Islam like Wahab ibn Monabbeh and Ka'bol Akhbar has made the interpreters and the historians pay critical attention to the sources of sayings. It is from this era that their false and fabricated stories have been infiltrated into the interpretive, historical and mystical texts. These fabricated stories are often about the Prophets of God in which the story of Joseph (s.a) in the interpretation of the Kashfol Asrar of Meybodi has taken a great part of it to itself in comparison with the other stories of the prophets. Having dealt with the conceptualization of the Israelites phenomenon, this article sets to the identification of nature and the reasons of these fables and highlights on them to distinguish the real and unreal stories in the life of this sacred prophet.

Mohammad Reza Shafiee Kadkani (M. Sereshk), a contemporary stylist poet, has exploited nature and natural phenomena in a specific way in his poetry. Different aspects of his poems have got a close association with the nature and its elements. A big portion of his exquisite lyrics is due to the incarnation existed in nature. Exploiting symbols taken from the nature and also creating symbolic atmosphere through resorting to the capabilities found in nature form the over-all structure of Shafiee's poetry. In addition to it, he has used nature as the main source of thematization. The present paper investigates different aspects of naturalism and its role in developing both structure and content in Shafiee's verses, analyzing the merging natural elements with those of his socio-humanistic thoughts and his mystic approach.