SOCIOLOGY OF WOMEN (JOURNAL OF WOMAN AND SOCIETY)
Year:2012 | Volume:2 | Issue:4 (8)|Papers Count:8

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Quran memorization on the mental health elements. To this end, 90 women from “Women’s Jemeat-al-Quran” of Mashhad memorizing the holy Quran and 92 ordinary women were selected. A use was made of a mental health questionnaire (GHQ-28) in order to collect data. The results showed that on scales of anxiety, sleep disorder, depression, and social function the memorizers had a better mental health. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in respect to physical symptoms. Moreover, the results revealed that, as regards the memorizers, the greater the number of the parts they memorized, the better their mental health was. Therefore, given the fact that mental health is of both internal (family, school, peers, and society) and external (physical, affective, motivational, behavioral, and cognitive) nature, the results indicated that Quran memorization, affecting internal factors, can improve people’s mental health, and be an effective resource in coping with the stresses and challenges of this century.

Lifestyle and body management are important concepts in current sociology. This study aimed at studying the relationship between these two concepts. Having reviewed theoretical and empirical studies, the current researchers advanced an integrated theory based on Giddens theory. The data of this survey was accumulated through a self-report questionnaire administered to a sample (N=508) in the age range 15-64 selected using stage random sampling strategy. The results of the study indicated that in bivariate analysis all the lifestyles were significantly correlated with appearance management and body shape changes. In multivariate analysis it was further revealed that modern sport-musical, recreational, modern participations, religious, and traditional music lifestyles explained 45 percent of the variation of body appearance management and modern participation, modern sport-musical, traditional, and recreational lifestyles accounted for 30/3 percent of body shape management variation.

This study aimed to compare clinical personality patterns using Millon’s Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) in two groups of women with and without chronic pain. To this end, 202 participants including 119 women with chronic pain and 82 women without chronic pain were selected through simple random sampling. The first group, at first, answered pain medical evaluation questionnaire in an attempt to diagnose the type, intensity, and process of pain. Both groups, then, filled out Millon’ Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. Data was analyzed utilizing one-way ANOVA. The results showed that there was a significant difference among sub-groups with diverse types of chronic pain and between the two main groups of the study in respect to subscales of the clinical patterns.

The purpose of this descriptive survey study was to explore methods of bread waste reduction among housewives in Kermanshah city. The sample of the study included 326 housewives selected from among housewives living in Kermanshah (N=198270) through cluster sampling. A use was made of descriptive and factor analysis to analyze data. The study findings indicated that bread is the main food of the families so much so that all participants pointed out that they eat bread at least once a day. It was, further, demonstrated that women from average- and high-income groups of the sample took the most and the least heed of the proper bread consumption respectively. Bread margins went to waste the most and from among bread types, traditional Lavash was wasted the least. Therefore, its consumption should be encouraged. From the perspective of the participants punishing bakeries making improper bread by the government was one of the most significant steps to be taken to minimize bread waste.

Information literacy and the knowledge of how to correctly search information, retrieve and select proper documents is of significance particularly when it comes to nurses who work parallel and in line with physicians in all aspects of their major. An awareness of information searching and retrieving tools will lead to the improvement of the diagnosis and treatment entailing new training. This descriptive survey study used a questionnaire administered to supervisors in Tehran private hospitals in an attempt to identify their weaknesses and strengths in information acquisition in order to expand training programs for nurses. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to analyzed data. The results indicated that lack of skills to use computers and software, a poor command of English, and lack of knowledge of search tools were among the main obstacles to access information resources. As most important information sources to women nurses are in English, a poor command of it was identified as an important and effective hurdle in information acquisition of supervisors.

This study aimed at investigating the moderating role of distributive and procedural justice in the relationships of stress, overload, and job dangers to women nurses’ involvement and commitment. 94 women nurses and nursing auxiliaries were selected via stratified random sampling from three private clinics. Research instruments consisted of two questionnaires of distributive, procedural justice, job stress, role overload, job dangers, and organizational commitment (Lambert et al, 2007) and job involvement (Ouyang, 2009). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis. Findings showed that distributive and procedural justice moderated the relationship between job stress and job involvement. Distributive justice also moderated the relationship between role overload and job involvement. Finally, distributive justice moderated the relationship between job dangers and organizational commitment meaning.

Aging is an important stage in life and with advances in science and health care the number of the old is increasing in different societies. This increase and our religious and cultural believes emphasizing venerating the old point to the significance of this study. The present study investigated old men and women’s differences in terms of social support, life satisfaction, happiness, and depression. This causal-comparative research sampled 379 old persons (200 men and 179 women) from the old living in Shiraz using convenience sampling. The participants completed three questionnaires; Philips’ “social support”, Diner’s “life satisfaction”, and Joseph & Lewis’ “happiness and depression”. A use was made of correlational matrix, multivariate variance analysis, and Fisher’s z to examine hypotheses 1&2, 3&4, and to answer question 1 respectively. The Results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship among all the variables and that there was a significant difference between the old men and women with respect to social support, happiness and depression, and life satisfaction.

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between hardiness and marital adjustment of high school teachers in Shiraz in the school year 89-90. A sample of 324 (178 male and 146 female) high school teachers, selected through cluster random sampling method, was administered two questionnaires of dynamic adjustment (Spannier, 1976) and hardiness (personal views). A use was made of descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and regression and Pearson correlation analyses to analyze data. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between hardiness and marital adjustment. There was, more specifically, a significant relationship between control, commitment, and challenge and marital adjustment. Besides, it was indicated that there was a significant difference between men’s and women’s marital adjustment and also between their hardiness. Hardiness could predict marital adjustment as revealed by regression analysis.