JOURNAL OF CROP ECOPHYSIOLOGY
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

This study to evaluate the effects of lead and copper on the green pea plant species in soils contaminated with these elements was performed. In this context, the four lead concentration 0, 200, 400, 800 and four copper concentrations of 0, 150, 300, 450 mg/kg soil, respectively. Although test results indicate that total chlorophyll content and lipid membrane decreased under heavy elements lead and copper toxicity, but superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity enzyme increased with increased levels of lead and copper in the plant species to prevent further production of oxygen free radical production in species of plant, so that the negative correlation between the content chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll total with the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed, as well as the correlation between the capacity of malondialdehyde (MDA) that a device for measuring the process of lipid peroxidation with the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme were positive.

In order to study the effects of potassium fertilizer on yield and growth of soybean (Glycine max L.) an experiment as factorial in RCB design with three replications was conducted during 2006 and 2007 years at Northern Khorasan. Factors were cultivar (Hobbit, L.W.K., and Williams), and potassium fertilizer (0, 80, and 160 Kg K2o/ha). Results indicated that cultivar and K fertilizer significantly effected on seed yield. Williams showed that the highest seed yield. With increasing fertilizer application, seed yield increased significantly. The number of pod affected by all factors, but the number of node per stem, the number of  seed per pod, 100 seed weight, and seed yield per branches affected only by cultivar. Growth analysis indicated that, potassium caused the improvement of dry matter accumulation, relative growth rate, crop growth rate, Leaf area index and net assimilation rate. Also, williams and L.W.K. showed higher growth indices rather than hobbit.

This study was conducted in the years of 2005-2006. Treatments were laid out in split plot form based on a complete randomized block design with four replications. In this experiment, the main factor was the planting date with three levels (11 August, 1 and 22 September), sub factor was the planting density with three levels (40000, 80000 and 120000 plants per hectare). The results of this experiment showed that the interaction effects of sowing date and planting density had significantly difference on weight of dry root per plant, dry root yield per hectare and essential oil percentage. Maximum dry root yield obtained from 11 August and 80000 plants per hectare was equal 6/20 ton per hectare that laid at same group with treatment of 11 August and 120000 plants per hectare with yield equal 5/99 ton per hectare and had no significant difference with together.  Maximum essential oil yield obtained from 22 September (equal 62.71 liter per hectare) and 80000 plants per hectare (equal 62/83 liter per hectare).

The present study was conducted to determine of different kinds of carbohydrates in three cultivars of common bean including Chiti, white and red. The carbohydrates percentage including starch, non-starch polysaccharides ) NSP), crude fiber )CF(, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and natural detergent fiber (NDF) were determined by common methods. The white beans had the most content of starch (39.17%) and significant difference with two other cultivars (p< 0.05). The Chiti and red beans were after white bean for starch but two last had no significant difference. Three bean cultivars had significant difference in amount of NSP (non-starch polysaccharides), hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. In breeding and trade of common bean, in addition to quantity traits such as yield and yield components notice to quality characteristics is also essential.

In this study, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 40 and 80 kg N/ha) and a plant growth retardant on leaf area index, plant height, photosynthesis rate (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) of four dry land wheat cultivars were examined in a field experiment during 2006-07 and 2007-08 growing seasons at college of agriculture, shiraz university. The results showed that differences between cultivars for LAI, plant height, An and gs were significant. In the first year, the highest mean of LAI (1.58) was acheived from Azar2 with 80 kg N/ha and CCC application, and in the second year, from Fin15 with 80 kg N/ha and CCC application (1.24). The highest An and gs were measured at stem elongation stage. In both years, the highest An and gs (10.64 and 6.62 mmol CO2 m-2 s-1, 0.33 and 0.23 mol H2O m-2 s-1, respectively) were obtained from 80 kg N/ha application. It appeared that selecting resistant cultivars with high photosynthesis efficiency for later season drought stress.

Order effect of seed size on emergence percentage and seedling establishment of safflower varieties was conducted in the field, research in 2008, Research Institute and certified seeds and seedlings recorded as tested factors (factorial) based on completely randomized design with three replications. Factors tested, including four varieties of safflower (Goldasht, Padideh, Isfahan and Sinai) and three seed size (small, large and control), respectively. The results showed that the majority of traits were affected by cultivar and seed size. Goldasht having maximum percentage emergence (22.86%), emergence rate (96.25), thousand kernel weight (77.62), the number fruit (23.56), number of seeds in fruit (44.43) fruit diameter (95.30) and the performance of grain (44.255 g/m) than other cultivars had better. Maximum emergence percentage of large seeds (75.80), thousand seed weight (96.51) and yield (75.230 g/m) than have were the other seeds.

This study was conducted to investigate effect of various levels of KCl on drought tolerance of durum wheat genotypes at the farm of Neishabour Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center during 2005-2007. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement of treatments. Four wheat line and varieties were allocated to main plots and five levels of KCl were assigned to the sub plots. To apply moisture drought Irrigation interrupted was done for two times from booting stage. Results revealed that KCl amounts could not affect grain yield as well as biological yield. No interaction was observed between factors of experiment concerning grain as well as biological yield throughout two years of study. Combined ANOVA results showed that main effects of experiment factors as well as their interaction significantly affected 1000 kernel weight (TKW). Maximum TKW was observed with V3k1 treatment. Number of areas was also affected by various varieties.

Experimental design used randomized complete block design with four repetitions was 10 treatments. Fertilizer nitrogen was in three levels: 50 (n1), 100 (n2) and 150 (n3) ha nitrogen net pressure fertilizer pellets at three levels: 167 (p1), 223 (p2) and 279 (p3) MPa. Treatments was included P1n1 treatment 1, p1n2 treatment 2, p1n3 treatment 3, p2n1 treatment 4, p2n2 treatment 5, p2n3 treatment 6, p3n1 treatment 7, p3n2 treatment 8, p3n3 9 treatment and 10 as a control treatment. Statistical analysis for grain protein content showed a very different meaning at the level of five percent you between different levels of fertilizer pellet was (05 / 0> P). Mean grain protein treatment was revealed 9 (44/13%) than the control group (66/12%) were at a higher level. The seven different treatments do not mean. Lowest grain protein (92/11%) treatment was reported that six treatment treatments 3, 4, 2, 1 and 8.