MOSKUYA
Year:2013 | Volume:8 | Issue:26|Papers Count:7

In the history of Iran, the Safavid dynasty is considered a turning point in the Islamic period of Iran. In this era, in regard of that Shiite religion had become official in the country, the Safavid Kings promoted the Shiite sciences and, in this order, the scientists were encouraged to spread the Shiite sources subject to the Shiite Safavid kings’ interest, the educational institutions were generally widespread, since they were in the society, where majority of the people were Sunni, and they were aware that many institutions are required to promote Shiism with the public ease of access as well as the teachers who teach according to their own willingness. During the Safavid era, there were abundant schools built in the different cities of Iran, e.g. Isfahan, whereas this city was also taken as the science center in Iran. In that era, the educational institutions and the educational concern were increased, whereas the authorities, princes, and wealthy individuals constructed the educational buildings. Many scientists and scholars were invited to Iran by Safavid kings, e.g. Mohaghegh Karaki. Also the scientists were allowed to progress and found their growth conditions in Iran, among whom we can mention Sheikh Horr Ameli, Sheikh Bahaee, Mollasadra, First Majlesi, Mirfendereski, etc. who were the developed students and they authored many books and some of them found positions in the government. The Safavid kings had significant role in the schools construction, where the schools founders made efforts to promote epistemology in the training programs, as these topics are discussed in this paper.

Iran and the Ottoman Empire because of the proximity to each other and also with cultural communication and trade and political relations were always together in a relationship, Ring between the two country groups such as merchants, clerics of Najaf, Iranian students in Istanbul, intellectuals and journalists were fleeing Each in turn an important contribution to the relationship between Iran and the Ottoman played Of course, the role of journalists and scholars from other groups have been highlighted. The newspaper reflects the intellectuals and scholars and Ryzbynanh all the people and the country's internal and external monitoring and People are waking thoughts were prompted by his enlightening articles. This paper aims to explore the influence of cultural relations between the two countries separated groups They pointed to the influence of the Enlightenment and to check their status among Iranians noted.

Like almost all states in the ancient Sassanid agriculture as the dominant economic activity and better formed. Most of the population lived in rural areas and their livelihood through agriculture and farming were funded from state income taxes in agriculture provides the main Origin. Several factors in the economic, social and political hands to coincide with the arrival of Kavad I we saw the unrest in Sasanian Iran. The unrest inappropriate that dissatisfaction was followed by issues such as Iran and Hyateleh war and its aftermath, the pressure on the lower classes of society due to incorrect taxation practices, drought and the rise of public unrest Mazdakian which will be caused. All these issues Sasanian kings led the corrective measures, especially on their taxes.The purpose of this paper is Khosrow Anoushiravan federal reform. To examine this issue in the way of taxation before the period considered, and continue to reform the tax Khosrow Anoushiravan advantages and disadvantages of this reform is considered. Studies show that although these reforms were initially benefits But due to lack of attention to some natural problems like drought has been the disadvantage that they are mentioned in this article.

constitutional Revolution is one of the most challenging events on the culturalـ politics of contemporary Iran poses. In the various social groups including Shiite clerics involved. Although scholars in political orientation towards revolution and political upheaval that followed were different but both are very common theoretical basis. In other words, Shiite clerics, although it practical and political terms have varying positions on political developments in the constitutional era, however, in theory, of a fundamental difference have not had a. Since the constitutional basis of the idea that democracy and secularism, religious and secular intellectuals and political Unlike optimistic, none of Shiite clerics, secular, democratic constitutional system are not supported. Based on such an approach, this paper attempts to distinguish similarities and political thought Akhund Khorasani and Sheikh Fazlullah Nuri towards the revolution will be reviewed. Therefore, the main hypothesis of the present study is that although it Akhund Khorasani constitutional anti-authoritarian approach and xenophobia in conflict with Sharia Sheikh Fadlallah also agree not see it as a fulfillment of a secular constitution, is not.

Period Generally in Iron's history, The States and government's in comes sources have depended on agriculture Station, while in agricultural part, drived taxes of farmer and cultivators in form of lavish, had important role in security of governments treasury sources. The states have responsed to extend water to village, ordinarily. For depending cultivation to water sources and many expenses of water establishment, especially, in regions that were far away of natural water sources.as a matter of fact, This role was found more value, in condition that digging subterranean canal needed because of region was far from of natural water sources. In the first of Islamic period, after passing insecure period and lack of primery stability and wars that caused to dis order in different part of life, for instance economic. Iran's history was changed by appearance of samaniyan govern mend in great khorasan that helped to stable in different basis of political, economic, cultural and social.There fore caused brilliant period in Iran's history and this was named golden period. Of course we have eudeavoured to study the irrigation system position and the effect on agriculture in khorasan in samaniyan period. With due attention to old sources data, especially, effects of Moslem’s geography in the first of Islamic century and use of recent researchs, we can consider the role of samaniyan government in protection and reparation of irrigation

During the Abbasid caliphate conquest of Persian land, many Iranians had a tendency to Islam, and government related to the Abbasi caliphate in Iran came as Tahirids, and samaids, however people who were thought in their mind to regenerate the sassanian dynasty developed. often these individuals were among the elders and leaders of the local shahan. from among them three that Maziar, Asfar, and Mardawij were more famous. and they could formed the government in some parts of Iran, to confront the armies of the Abbasi caliphate and Iranian muslim governments. But, due to the authority and influence of the Abbasi troops and their affiliates governments, the goals and objectives these three person will fail and all three were killed, as a restoring the sasanian dynasty wasn’t looking. This paper is a descriptive and based on bibliographical data.