VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2010 | Volume:3 | Issue:4 (12)|Papers Count:9

Mycoplasma Synoviae (MS) is one the major pathogens of avian, causing significant economic losses of poultry industry. We examined the differentiating potential of diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers targeted to the gene VIhA present in MS. For serological screaming test, we selected 10 farms and taking blood samples for RSAT assay. For VlhA-PCR assay, we were taking 10 samples included: lung, air sacs and tracheal swabs. The VIhA-PCR diagnostic primers are specific for MS in tests of all avian mycoplasmas or bacteria present in the chicken trachea and are sensitive enough to readily detect MS in tracheal swabs from field outbreaks. 350-400 bp PCR products on electrophoresis gel appears with VIhA-PCR diagnostic primers are specific for MS. The test was successfully applied in vivo for detection of MS in clinical samples.

In this study, fetus samples of 200 pregnant goat which slaughtered in Tabriz  slaughterhouse were collected in autumn. Sampling was randomly. Age of collected fetuses calculated by Gull and et al formula X=2.74 Y+30.15.After opening the abdominal hole of different age fetuses location of testis in abdomen and time of its descending to scrotum have been investigated. Macroscopic studies showed that first migration of testis is coincident with mesonephrous degeneration in 45 day fetuses. In day 59, whole of mesonephrous is assimilated and changed to epididymis. In this age gubernaculums tissue is inflated and expanded. In day 89, testis is seen in middle of inguinal canal and till day 106 of pregnancy, testis has descended 1/3 of inguinal canal to scrotum. In day 153 (birthday) the complete descending of testicle to scrotum is done. On the basis of studies we can conclude that testis location in goat is like Ox, sheep, horse and human happens in birth time and testis descending to scrotum follows degeneration of gubernaculums.

Diabetic myopathy is the main of cause cell injury in muscular system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of swimming exercise on apoptosis in diabetic myopathy. In this study 56 wistar rats with approximate age of 12 weeks and 200-300g weight were allocated into two equal groups (treatment & control). For induction of diabetes, these two groups were injected by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. we kept the treatment group in normal conditions of management with swimming exercise for 12 weeks; 5 days in a week, an hour every day. In control group we had normal conditions (food & place) without any physical activity/swimming Exercise. After 12 weeks muscle tissues were sampled in both groups and then 5-6 micron tissue sections were prepared through H&E and TUNEL staining method. Histopathological study of representative sections in control group showed apoptosis and necrosis in myocytes. Mild apoptotic and necrotic changes in treatment group were observed. Mean differences of histopathological changes between the experimental groups were significant P<0.001. Swimming exercise is capable in reduction in apoptotic changes and improvement of diabetic myopathy to near normal.

Considering the very important role of zinc in structural and physiological functions of livestock body and the paucity of research in the regions, the objective of this study was to investigate zinc deficiency in cows suspected of deficiency in industrial dairy farms of Urmia and its relationship with diet of the animals. In this study, blood samples were taken from cows suspected of deficiency including animals that had anorexia, decrease in production and most importantly infertility problems. Samples were also taken from the animals diets. Sampling was conducted on a seasonal basis and 25 serum samples were collected in each season. Measurement was performed using atomic absorption method and serumic levels were calculated in micromoles. The results of this study indicated that in the animals suspected of zinc deficiency, there was no significant difference between different seasons but zinc levels were below normal in winter, spring and autumn. It is probable that dietary zinc deficiency especially low zinc levels in concentrate diets in the main cause of low zinc values in this study.

This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the regression between different levels of diet nutrients in grower period on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. The chickens were fed the same diet in starter period, later four diet with different levels of nutrients were used in grower period. The level of metabolism energy (ME) was 3000, 3100, 3200 and 3300 kcal/kg. Diets used in the research are set according to NRC (1994). Furthermore, the ratio all nutrients to energy were kept constant. The results showed that weight gain, feed conversation ratio and carcass characteristics were affected by different levels of nutrients. In addition, an increase in density of nutrients had a direct correlation with gain weight, and a reverse one with feed and carcass percentage. Finally, analysis of regression between carcass and nutrients density indicated that there were a correlation between nutrients density changes and carcass with increasing levels of nutrients. In other words, carcass% (r2=97%), edible carcass% (r2=95%), thigh% (r2=92%) and relative weight of gizzard (r2=91%) showed the highest regression. Feed cost per kg meat decreased with lowest energy level (p<0.05). As a result in broiler diets the using of low density nutrients can be useful than high density nutrients.

Monolaurin, pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L., Labiatae) and spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) essential oils have various antibacterial activities on microorganisms. Enhancement of antibacterial activity and detect their combination effects on B.cereus ATCC 11778 and E. coli O157:H7 were the purpose of this investigation. Monolaurin preparation, spearmint and pennyroyal oils preparation and their chemical composition analysis with GC-MS method, bacterial inoculums preparation, antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth micro dilution MIC testing and finally statistic analysis of results with SPSS software package were the material and methods used in this research. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of pennyroyal oil, spearmint oil, monolaurin, monolaurin-pennyroyal oil combination and monolaurin-spearmint oil combination on B.cereus and E. coli O157:H7 were significant (p<0.01). The MIC of monolaurin-pennyroyal oil combination and monolaurin-spearmint oil combination on B.cereus in comparison with the MIC of pennyroyal and spearmint oils separately were significant (p<0.01). Monolaurin-spearmint oil combination on E.coli O157:H7 synergistic inhibitory effect was shown. The most effective antimicrobial agents on B.cereus were monolaurin, monolaurin-spearmint oil combination and monolaurin-pennyroyal oil combination, and the least effective agent was spearmint oil. Also the most effective antimicrobial agent on E. coli O157:H7 was pennyroyal oil, and the least effective agent was monolaurin. Since the MIC of monolaurin-pennyroyal oil combination and monolaurin-spearmint oil combination on E.coli O157:H7 in comparison with using them separately were not significant, so for significant effect on E.coli O157:H7 and other gram negative bacteria, combination of monolaurin with chelator agents and other natural antimicrobials is suggested.

In order to determine the tick specie of goats, reared in cities of west-Azarbaijan province, the present investigation was performed from March 2006 (Farvardin 1385) to April 2007 (Esfand 1385). Meanwhile, distribution of ticks according to age and sex on different part of the body and the seasonal variation of tick population and infestation were also studied. Overall 1800 goats of both sexes, from 21 cities and their suburbs in west-Azarbaijan province were examined for tick infestation. The results revealed 52 (2.88%) goats were infested by hard ticks. The highest percentage of infestation was observed in Miandoab area during June 2006 (Khordad 1385), while the lowest percentage was in Shahindegh area during February 2006. There was a significant difference (p<0.005) in the tick population of goats during different seasons and months of the year. Out of 251 adult ticks and nymphs, the identified species were as follows: Rhipicephalus bursa (58.96%), Hyaloma anatolzcum.anatolicum (35.85%), Dermacentor marginatus (3.98%) and Haemaphysalis puncatta (1.19%). Distribution of ticks over different parts of the body surface was as follows: the breasts (35%), groin (34%), head and neck (18%) and the testis (13%).

As one of the major pathogens of avian species, Mycoplasma Synoviae causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The main purpose of this study was to detect Mycoplasma Synoviae in clinical samples using the VIhA-PCR method. For serological screening test, 373 serum samples were collected from 25 breeder farms and rapid serum agglutination test conducted which revealed that 143 samples equivalent to 19 breeder farms were positive. For VIhA-PCR assay, 20 of the previously mentioned breeder farms were selected and sterile swab were collected from the palatine cleft, trachea, air sacs and lungs. Three swabs from 3 birds were placed in a test tube containing 1 ml of PBS and transferred to the laboratory for PCR test. Specific primers for VIhA gene were employed in this study. The PCR product from specific primers showed 350-400 bp for all field isolated on electrophoresis gel in 8 farms. VIhA-PCR with high sensitivity could be employed in definitive diagnosis of Mycoplasma Synoviae infection in the laboratory.

Toxocara cati is among the most common feline parasites which can infect human especially children and cause various symptoms. Due to close connection of this species with humans as pets and with other stray cats either directly or indirectly; this study was conducted specially for the first time to determine the infection status of Persian cats of Tabriz area to this parasite. In this study, from a total of 50 Persian cats studied, 13 (26%) were infected by a variety of enteric parasites and 37 (74%) were without infection and 10 (20%) of the cats were infected by Toxocara cati. According to the results, significant difference in infection rate was observed between Persian cats kept indoors and those that were kept in cattery and also there was significant differences in infection rate between males and females (p<0.05). The current study indicated significant difference in infestation rate between the cats which had received anti-parasitic drugs and those that had not received such medications (p<0.05). According to the results and high infection rate of Persian cats by Toxocara cati and considering that this parasite is zoonotic, the use of a regular anti-parasitic medical program for prevention and treatment of all cats especially those kept in the cattery seems necessary.