NEW FINDINGS IN AGRICULTURE
Year:2009 | Volume:3 | Issue:2 (10)|Papers Count:8

To comparison of different growth analyse indices for Vigna and Tepary Jiroft, Iran local beans germplasms in various plant densities in 2009 this experiment was conduct. The research was done on farm of Jiroft Islamic Azad University research farms, Jiroft, Iran. The experiment was performed in split plot in basis of RCBD with 4 replications. The treatments were considered three plant density as main plots and three tropical bean genotypes include Jiroft local vigna, cream and black colour tepary beans as sub plots. The various plant densities were 400, 200 and 133 thousand plant per hectare. In order to evaluating growth changes process the rate of accumulation of dry matter, relative growth rate, crop growth rate, leaf area index and net absorption rate were measured. Results indicated that the highest TDM was related to vigna with 330 gr/m2 and the least TDM was related to the black tepary bean with 277gr/m2. The highest records of LAI and CGR observed in cream colour tepary bean and the highest rate of TDM, LAI (4.5), RGR and CGR observed in density of 400 thousand plants per hectare. The highest rate of NAR was in density of 133 thousand plants per hectare.

In order to study irrigation interval effects and various using Nitrogen on yield of corn (K.Sc 704) was accomplished during 2008-2009. The experiment was carried on as split plot based on RCBD with 3 replications in Bayekola research farm of agricultural research campus in Neka in Mazandaran province. Traits were selected as irrigation interval are in four levels (I1 , I2 , I3 and I4 respectively as 75, 100, 125 and 150 mm accumulation evaporation of evaporation pan A class) as maim plot and three levels of Nitrogen (0, 92 and 184 kg Nitrogen that respectively substitute zero, 200 and 400 kg urea in hectare) as sub plots. Results showed that minimum of dry mater weight and yield was related to 150 mm evaporation of evaporation pan A class. The maximum forage yield and water usage efficiency obtained in I3. Bush height, dry weight in square meter, corn length, wet forage weight in hectare, efficiency of water usage, efficiency of dry material water usage, percent of water than dry weight and efficiency of water usage was largest 184 kgN/ha and lowest degree was gained under treatment without usage of called characteristics Nitrogen. Maximal of water percent than dry weight, efficiency of dry material water and maximal of water usage biological efficiency according to production of evaporation pan Aclass was gained with usage of 184 kgN/ha, maximal efficiency of water usage with 150 mm evaporation of evaporation pan a class was gained with usage 184 kgN/ha.

This study was performed to survey the effect of planting data, plant density and different level of Nitrogen fertilizer on local variety of spring safflower. It was done at the research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University during 2008-2009. The experiment was conducted as factorial split plot based on RCBD with 4 replications and 48 plots. Traits were selected as two planting date (10 May and 10 June as dilatory planting) with different level of Nitrogen fertilizer (46, 92 and 138 kg/ha) and two plant density about 400000 and 80000 bushes/ha that the density of 800000 bushes was in the form of double planting rows on both side of ridges. In order to determine the growth characteristics, by taking samples every 15 days, the amount of growth was measured from hexaphyllous stage (state) till harvesting time. The changing process of dried substance during growth time showed that at 700oc, the aggregation of dried substance has been linear, then after falling leaves and by the end of growth season, it has followed a descending order. The maximum yield of seed was related to planting date of 10 may, with using 92 kg Nitrogen fertilizer and the plant density of 80000 bushes/ha, the average of which was about 3050 kg/ha. Also the highest yield of oil was about 321.17 kg and it was related to the planting date of 10 may, with using 92 kg Nitrogen fertilizer and the plant density of 800000 bushes/ha.

In order to determine of important agronomic characteristics of sweet corn hybrids and weed or without weed competition under different plant density at Iranian warm environment this experiment was conducted on 2006 at the HajiAbad plant research center, Hormozgan, Iran. The experiments were perform in a split split plot in contract to RCBD for 2 sweet corn (KSc.403 and Shimmer hybrids) as a main plots and weed control and non weed control on sub plots and three plant density 53, 67 and 89 thousand plant per hectare as a sub sub plots with 4 replications. The results showed that the difference of 2 hybrids about seed yields, number of seed per row and number of row per ear were significant. Then, weed control could increase the seed yield near 7.8%. Maximum yield of seed corn was about 9700 kg/ha for Shimmer hybrid at 89000 plant density per hectare under full weeds control condition. Finally the Shimmer hybrid of sweet corn showed better studied characteristics in compare to KSc.403, and Shimmer could produce the highest seed yield by increase the plant density from 53000 to 89000 too, but under weed control.

This is noticeable that insoluble phosphorus in the soil and some of bacterium has not capability of release insoluble phosphorus. This study was performed in order to study the effect of the release bacteria sunflower (helianthus annus). This experiment performed in RCBD based on a factorial design with 4 replications. This research was performed in the research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University during 2008. Factors were considered as two level Bacteria (B1:use Biologic phosphorus), (B2:no use Biologic phosphorus) and four level (P1; 150 kg/ha Ammonium phosphate), (P2; 300 kg/ha Ammonium phosphate), (P3; 150 kg/ha Triple phosphate super) and (P4:300 kg/ha triple phosphate super). The results showed that using mixture of biologic phosphorus and Ammonium phosphate caused to improve planted sunflower. Characteristic such as weight of 1000 seeds, the number of seeds per head, yield of seed per hectare, head diameter, harvest index and biomass yield noticeable increase. Interaction of phosphorus and bacteria except in the empty percent and oil percent in the other characteristic was signification on the whole. Totally, results showed that by using released bacteria we can reduce phosphorus fertilizer by 50% without any significant reduction of yield.

The amylase and protein percents may be influenced by elemental nitrogen and its segregation in paddy fields. With this regard, a field experiment was done to examining the quantity and segregation of nitrogen fertilizer effects on some seed quality traits of local Tarom variety. Experiment was done as factorial design based on RCBD with three replications during 2007-2008 in country’s rice research institute in Amol. Treatments were selected three levels of nitrogen (23, 46 and 69 kg/ha) as first factor and three nitrogen segregation which applied in different growth stage as second factor. The results showed that the rice seed's amylase content decreased with the increase of N using segregation procedure. The highest protein percent was obtained with the use of 69 kg/ha N and with the implementation of two segregation stages, the protein percent increased more than other treatments, and the best treatment combination was two segregations of nitrogen application. When the rate of nitrogen was increased, the yield of seed was increased too. Whatever has increased the number of segregation of nitrogen, the rate of yield also has increased.

In order to study effects of biofertilizer and nitrogen on nitrogen use efficiency and harvest index of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) an experiment was conducted with nitrogen rate (0, 33, 67, 100 kg/ha urea), seed biofertilization with nitragin and wheat cultivars (Alvand and MV17 ). Results showed that with increasing of urea application fertile tillers number per plant improved. When biofertilized seeds were planted, grain yield increased from 6017 kg/ha in control to 6591 kg/ha in application of 33 kg/ha urea and 6954 kg/ha in 67 kg/ha urea in Alvand, and from 3547 kg/ha in control to 4428 kg/ha in application of 33 kg/ha urea and 4724 kg/ha in 67 kg/ha urea in MV17. Seed biofertilization with nitragin increased harvest index of crop up to 2.3%. In biofertilized treatments, when wheat plants were fertilized with lower dose of urea, grain yield improved in both cultivars. With increasing of urea rate from 67 to 100 kg/ha the yield reduced. In non-biofertilized plants grain yield in those plots fertilized with full dose of urea was the highest. In experiment environmental condition with wheat seed biofertilization before planting we can improve grain yield and reduce urea application up to 33% of recommended dose.

In order to study of heritability and gene action of some of quantitative traits of barley in two conditions, normal irrigation and terminal drought, cross was conducted between two genotypes (EM 79-4×1-BC-80628). In this cross EM 79-4 parent was sensitive to drought and the 1-BC-80628 parent was tolerant to drought. The parents with F1, F2, BC1, and BC2 generations produced from crosses were evaluated on field conditions using RCBD with 3 replications. This experiment was carried out in field of cereal breeding unit of Karaj Seed and Plant Improvement Institute during 2005-6 and 2006-7. In this study plant height, spike length, grain yield in plant, weight of 1000 grain, harvest index, days to heading and days to physiological maturity were measured. Results indicated that mean of squares of generations for all the traits were significant therefore generation mean analysis for all traits was conducted. In normal irrigation conditions on heredity control for more traits except harvest index additive, dominance and epistasis effects were role, but in terminal drought conditions in heredity control for all traits additive, dominance and epistasis effects were rolled. The ranges of broad sense heritability on normal condition between 0.34 to 0.63 and narrow sense heritability between 0.25 to 0.53 but in terminal drought condition this ranges for broad and narrow sense heritability respectively between 0.48 to 0.77 and 0.29 to 0.62 were varied. Average numbers of gene in normal and terminal drought conditions were 1 to 7 and 1 to 3 genes respectively.