JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Year:2012 | Volume:5 | Issue:15|Papers Count:8

Lavar plain in north of Bandar Abbas is fertile and wheat productive area that encounters with drought and limited amount of water. Periodic drought impacts cause some detriment due to confident farming and they force to immigration and laboring Bander Abbas out skirt. According to widespread and fertile lands ،control and optimum use of surface runoffs is very unavoidable.This study determined the impacts of gravity structure on the ground water at Lavar. Field observation method was carried out and the statistical properties such as flow of water and sediment carried out by hydrological studies methods. The level of ground water in creased at the period of study the mast level in Piezometer No 4 lives 2.7 meter.The results indicated that the lavar plain is the one of the most fertile area for wear and the imp eats of detriment due to confident farming that was ferced to immigration laboring to Bandar abbas. This study illustrated that the farmers as the first exploit of Lavar dam needed to store water for qualitative and quant active development. The Lavar construction and performance of watershed management measures in upstream not only solves the wake specially but also develops the wheat and patch agronomy. This study might be a pattern for other area similar to Lavar for controlling and optimum usage of surface runoff.

Geomorphologic characteristics have basic role in change of response basin. Also, these characteristics can have significant impacts on erosion and sediment yield potential of basins. In this research, by using IRS-LISS 4 (2008) images, Geomorphology and land use maps have prepared and modified in RS and GIS by supervising classification and with field working. In addition, geomorphologic faces were assessed. Erosion and Sediment yield was estimated by EPM and MPSIAC modesl. Statistical comparison of the models showed that estimated amount of sediment yield by MPSIAC model with 95% confidence interval coincide with observed sediment yield. Therefore, MPSIAC model was used for drawing erosion zonation in GIS and sediment yield was estimated in unit works and basin. Results show that most formations in watershed are Quaternary alluvial deposition, Asmari, Mishan and Gachsaran, then, diverse geomorphologic faces were found, for example alluvial fans, alluvial plains and rill-waterway erosions. All of those factors and humans intrusion have caused that Varband basin has much sediment yield potential. The results of estimation of sediment yield by MPSIAC model show that total of sediment yield is 593924.66 ton/y and unit works are 1% in IV class, 70% in III class and 29% in II class. Finally, this research shows that that the maximum of sediment yield in N unit (158888.6 ton/y) and the minimum of sediment yield in C unit (4297.3 ton/y).

This research, aiming to offer guidelines for organizing Kiashahr harbor physical development has been carried out based on geomorphological capabilities, by using Gis instrument. To achieve this objective, information are collected and maps, aerial photographs and satellite pictures and various statistics are used as research instrument. Then by means of field observations and employing natural and human factor variables their processing was accomplished in geographical information systems. Area divider maps of various aspects such as flood, coastal lines, earthquake amplitude movements and different regions variation were employed for Kiashahr region physical developments and retreating from dangerous areas. Then based on mentioned factors have been suggested physical development directions of coastal rig ion of Kiashahr.

Climate and the required parameters for agricultural products are the important factors of production. We can determine potential facilities in different areas and consider the maximum tapping through agricultural meteorology. Due to drylands potentials in Fars province, we conducted a comprehensive survey based on 20 years climatic statistic. Thus, according to wheat phenological conditions and matching those with climatic conditions requirements in Fars province, we surveyed effective indices in grow crops. Finally, using geographic information systems (GIS) we implemented climatic elements zoning and weighting. Then the appropriate and inappropriate areas of the province for dryland wheat were determined. Results indicated among the climatic elements, annual rainfall and its distribution during the growing season, also the grow degree day (GDD) are important factors in process of dryland wheat. The main limiting factor in the study area was the shortage of rainfall and severe need water in most stations in spring season (grain filling stage) that require at least 1 to 2 complementary irrigation. But, precipitation for most areas of the province isn’t limited in fall and winter seasons. Based on maps extracted from the GIS, about 41.54 percent of the areas of province which are located in west, north west, center and south west including Kazeroun, Zarghan, Shiraz and Firouzabad cities, enjoy very potentials and 15.88 percent medium, 36.92 percent good and 5.99 percent with no potentials including north east and a strip of east and southern areas in Fars province.

The climatic circumstances in a local play a significant role in human, animals, and plants distribution. Thus, without knowing the climate, any activity or planning in different fields economic, agriculture and industrial, is no possible. So Climatic Regionalization or knowing different climatic regions is necessary for planning and territory sustainable development. the aim of the present recognize and study the most influential climatic elements affecting on the climate of Zayandehrood basin, and the spatial separation different climatic regions by using multivariate statistical methods. To do so, the mean annual data of 27 climatic elements from 12 synoptic stations in a 20 years period were used in the limit of Zayandehrood basin. Then the pointed data was changed in to a matrix 27×1658 by contribution of the capabilities of surfer’s software statistical land and with the help of Kriging interpolation with pixels 5×5 kilometer. In processing data has been used the new method on the base of statistical techniques principal components analysis and cluster analysis by ward method. Analysis works of the principal components on the data correlated matrix showed that with 6 principal components, we can describe 98.6% of variance in data. Tree component (thermal, windy, dusty-windy, dusty) expresses the most variance (92%) data. the scores of the principal components was analyzed by “agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis”, in “ward” method that the Zayandehrood basin was divided to 5 regions.

Cognition thermal conditions various area is significance for assumption decision related cultivation calendar. In this research has been evaluated minimum and maximum temperatures daily data for statistical period 10 yearly from (1999-2008) in surface selected stations based on thresholds (0 and10 degree centigrade) and minimum thresholds phenology potato plant stages with active growth degree day and interpase phenology. In Ilam and Aivan stations most suitability that is essential thermal potential for various crop development, April to be mean November month. Dehloran station encompasses total year high thermal potential. Button outbreak stage to be bloom and bloom until potato mature in area sequence with 21 and 47 day shortest and highest interphase phenology stage. The Suitable time is for spring cultivation end of march month untile mean July month and for autumn cultivation end of December until mean may month.

The drought is a repeating event and its consequences are not merely limited to dried and semi-dried regions. The main goal of the present research is to identify the meteorological and groundwater droughts and study its effects on underground water level fluctuations of Arak Plain. In doing so, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Water-level Index (SWI) as chosen indexes in order to study the droughts of Arak Plain and on the basis of data gathered from 11 stations with common statistical intervals of 31 years (from 1976-2006) and 44 piezometer wells with common statistical intervals of 23 years (from 1985-2007) in 12 months intervals and their process was investigated by time series process analysis. In following, the spectrum of the drought’s specifications was determined via use of Geographical Information System (GIS) with the aid of Geostatistical methods too. That in result of the most long lasting continuities for the droughts in the region, The most long lasting (continuity) for meteological droughts have been happened on the eastern regions and for the ground waters droughts they were traced to the west. In making correlation between the precipitation and water tables loss, the best correlative co-efficient is -0.126 with a 2-month delay that at level 0.05 it is meaningful and indicates the affectability of underground water resources with a 2-month delay.

Shoghan catchment is one of the sub-catchments of the central Kavir, in North Khorasan Province which comprises extensive evaporitic deposits in some parts. Given the importance of geological formation as one of the main factors affecting the desertification phenomenon, this research has been conducted by using geological map as well as GIS methodology to identify and evaluate primary and secondary deserts in the Shoghan catchment. In order to do this, first, the maps were digitized and then saline and evaporate formations were considered as primary deserts in the old times. After that, by overlying the drainage network map on the basic Quaternary formations map, the secondary deserts was determined in places where the Quaternary formations were contaminated by evaporates such as gypsum and salt. Because of the presence of salts in the secondary deserts, the groundwater quality of these areas is low. The use of saline waters for irrigation and over exploitation of the underlying aquifer has led to the deterioration of water and soil quality and expansion of the desert. Along this line of research, 31 water samples were collected from different parts of the aquifer in 2009 and were analyzed for chemical constituents. With these, hydro geochemistry of the area was studied and in addition to preparing the hydraulic conductivity distribution map, water samples data were plotted on Wilcox diagram. Result of this research shows that the quality of groundwater of the local aquifer is so low that it is not safe even for irrigation. In addition, use of this water will deteriorate the quality of groundwater even further and will lead to the expansion of deserts and soil codification from west to east in the western part of Shoghan plain.