JOURNAL OF PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
Year:2010 | Volume:5 | Issue:1 (17)|Papers Count:7

Warsan region covers an area of 990 hectares situated in east of Ashtian city. The altitude ofstudy area is throught 2042 to 2314M. The amount of annual precipitation of the area is 333/11 mm and mean annual temperature is 11.5oC. The aim of this research was to identify the plant species, introducing the flora, determination of life forms and geographical distribution of species in the area. For this purpose, plant specimens were collected from the area during growing season in 1387. The biological spectrum of the area was plotted by means of life forms results. The position of the area within Iran s phytogeography classification was studied based on geographical distribution data. In this study, 270 species were collected and identified. These species belong to 37 families and 139 genera. The following families had the highest number of species: Asteraceae (45 species), Papilionaceae (36 species) Geramineae (22 species) and Apiaceae (19 species). Hemicryptophytes with 127 species (47%) were the most frequent life form. Investigation on geographical distribution of species showed 201 species (74.44%) belong to Irano-Turanian region.

Selenium (Se) is not an essential nutritious element for plants; although, the element is absorbed by them. Molybdenum (Mo) is a trace element/heavy metal, a potential toxicant in plants and other organisms in high amounts. We investigated the effects of Se-Mo interactions on the contents of photosynthetic pigments in tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill. Cv. Early Urbana111). Chlorophylls a and b, beta-carotene and xanthophylls were spectrophotometrically measured (Jenway, UK) in leaf extract samples. Dry weight was also recorded. Se showed no significant effect on shoot dry weight, but statistically significantly reduced root dry weight. Also, Se increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments. Mo had toxic effects as it linearly decreased total dry weight and significantly reduced the contents of leaf photosynthetic pigments. Se detoxified Mo at 1- and 2ppm levels. It was concluded that Se is able to improve Mo-related stress symptoms.

The aim of this research was preliminary ecophysiological survey of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. FS33 Agardh which seems common strain in the paddy-fields and agricultural soils of Golestan Province and has not been characterized previously. The axenic culture has been enriched in to BG11 culture medium. Salinity, temperature, irradiance and pH treatments have been treated separately. Light treatments include 2, 30.60 micromolquanta.m-2.s-1 intensities and 2, 4, 6 and 8hours dark- light daily photoperiods. Salt treatments include culture medium without added salt to 1% NaCl, Temperature include 15oC to 45oC, alkalinity and acidity include pHs from 5 to 9, and carbon dioxide treatments include aeration, non aeration, and 1% carbon dioxide enrichment Survival, growth, specific growth rate, chlorophyll, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, ammonium liberation, and phycobilisome potentiality, have been analyzed. Results showed that in the opposite of stigonematalean and nostocalean cyanobacteria, this strain show higher growth at 60 micromol quanta.m-2.s-1 intensity. Continuous 24 h illumination cause significant increase at the growth rate. Chlorophyll content show significant increase when salinity reach to 0.5%. Ammonium liberation seems higher amounts near to the optimum conditions and no significant differences moving slightly from the optimum. This srain be able to survive at low (10oC) and high (45oC) temperatures. At the optimum pH, significant increase in phycoerythrin content, reveal adaptation of photosynthesis apparatus with treated conditions. The phycobilisome structure seems complete at the optimum and incomplete at the extreme alkaline condition. Carotenoide production increase significantly at the first day of inoculation at the optimum acidity condition. As a whole, results introduce this strain, as the potent one for future biofertilizers beside heterocystous cyanobacteria.

Since plants confront to kinds of environment stresses in life cycle, exogenous glycine betaine (EGB) applications on crop plants that unable to synthesis glycine betaine is a possible approach to overcome the environmental limitations. In order to study of different treatments of EGB on physiological and morphological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max var PER and DPX), experiments were performed in field condition as factorial with completely randomized design in four replication. Treatments consist of 0 (as control), 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10kg per hectar EGB in sixleaf and near the flowering stages. During the growth period the amount of chlorophyll and soluble sugar levels in leaves and proline, GB and total protein in leaves and seeds and morphological factors, including number of branches, pods, seed number in pods, thousands seed weight were measured. The results showed that chlorophyll content had no change by application of EGB. Regard to EGB, proline and soluble sugar content not observed significant different in ten foliare stage. All EGB concentrations increased number of lateral branch and number of seeds per pod significantly, but not abserved significant different in number of seed per pod and thousands seed weight. EGB application enhanced yield of soybean by increase in number of lateral branch and number of pod per plant. Increased EGB concentrations enhanced yield of soybean significantly, especially in DPX cultivar by optimum concentration of 7.5, 10 and 5 Kg/hec and 5. Total protein content, germination percent and rate in harvested seeds in different treatments of EGB have no significant different.

The genus Vicia L. is one of the forage legume in Fabaceae family. V. sativa, V. cordata,V. angustifolia ,V. michauxii ,V. peregrine ,V. sojakii and V. ciceroidae have similarities specieally in leaves and flower morphology, so their distinguished are difficult. In other to study of efficiency of morphology characters of pollen grain in distinction the taxonomical relation in Vicia, 21 species were gathered from Tehran, Qazvin, Semnan and Mazandaran provinces and studied by using SEM. Pollen shapes in all species is ablong, tricolporate and ornamentation of pollen surface is reticulate to regulate. Polar view (P), Furrow sculpture (Fs), muri and swollen mesocolpium (Sm) have an important role to distinction them. The species identification key were prepared accordingly.

Echinacea purpurea and Humulus lupulus are two strategic medicinal plants in Golestan province and have many usage in pharmaceutical and food industries. Heavy metals like gallium and nickel in a standard concentration range are accepted for the soil of these two plants. Extra concentration of the elements can aggregate and poisoned the metabolite activities in plants. Thus an accurate determination of concentration method is needed to control the amount of heavy metals in such a soils. Orthogonal signal correction Partial least squares modeling is a powerful multivariate statistical tool applied to spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of mixtures of Gallium and Nickel. The method is based on the formation of the complex of PAN with Gallium and Nickel. The ISBO membrane shows enhanced selectivity for Ga3+ and Ni2+ but absorption spectra of these two complexes overlap strongly, thus it is difficult to analyze the compounds in their mixtures. In this study, the calibration model is based on absorption spectra in the 400-650 nm range for 25 different mixtures of Gallium and Nickel. A series of synthetic solutions containing different concentrations of Gallium and Nickel was used to check the prediction ability of the OSC-PLS model. The RMSEP were 0.3587 and 0.8496 for Gallium and Nickel, Respectively. Amount of Ga3+ and Ni2+ were determined 0.08 and 3.1ppm in the plant soils respectively.

Resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have now been described globally, as significant pathogens, particularly associated with skin and soft tissue infections, including abscesses, cellulitis and furunculosis. Novel antimicrobial products and new methods to combat this problem are urgently needed. Pepper has been used since ancient times not only for increasing the flavor of foods, but for its preservation and medical properties. This study was designed to assess the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of two pepper species, Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens, against clinical strains of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. After the isolation of 56 strains of S. aureus from nosopharyngial of hospitalized patients, antibiotical resistance of them was determined by Kirby-Bauer method. Then fourteen multidrug-resistant strains were selected and antibacterial effects of the ethanolic extracts of two Capsicum species were evaluated by disc-diffusion method. Results showed that both extracts were effective on most of the bacteria, but Capsicum frutescens extract had approximately higher inhibition than Capsicum annuum extract, with maximum inhibition zone 12mm against strain of S. aureus that was resistant to four antibiotics including Cefixime, Tetracycline, Methicillin and Oxacillin. This study shows that peppers, like antibiotics or even better than them, have an antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. Also the results obtained from this study support the idea of proposing the use of Capsicum extracts as a natural antibacterial agent in the treatment of infected diseases and other diseases that are insensitive to drugs.