JOURNAL OF PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
Year:2010 | Volume:5 | Issue:2 (18)|Papers Count:8

Magnetic fields are environmental factors that effect on plants and other living creatures. In this study the effect of magnetic field on seed germination and seedling ontogenesis have been investigated. Dry and soaked vetch seeds (Vicia sativa L.) were treated by 100, 1700 and 3600 Gause (G) magnetic fields for 5, 10 and 20 minutes and then the seeds were transferred to MS tissue cultures. Rate and percentage of seed germination were measured in 3 replicated of 18 seeds. Growth of root, epicotyl, hypocotyl and number of lateral roots in 7th and 14th days after treatments and then fresh and dry weight of seedlings in 14th days were investigated. Results showed that rate and percentage of seed germination decreased in magnetic field treatment samples, compared to control samples but rate of germination of soaked seeds increased compared to dry seeds that exposed to magnetic field treatment. Seedlings growth and their fresh weight increased in magnetic field treatment samples compared to control sample. The samples exposed to 1700G magnetic field for 20 minutes in wet conditions had longest roots and epicotyls compared to control samples.

Salisylate is antioxidant compound that effects on growth and physiological processes in plant. In this research effect of different concentrations of salicylate on growth parameters, amount of photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanin, flavonoids and solution sugars were evaluated. Coriandrum sativum was planted in pots condition and salicylate in concentration 10-3 , 10-4 and 10-5 M were sprayed on plant shoot. The results showed that in different treatments of salicylate with reducing of salicylate concentration, growth parameters in shoot decreased but this changes in root were not significant. Also significant changes in amount of solution sugars, chlorophyll a, b, xanthophyll, anthocyanin and flavonoids compounds in Coriandrum sativum leaf was not observed. Caroten content decreased in application concentrations of salicylate and only 10-5 M concentration of salicylate increased chl a/b ratio.

Mercury is a heavy metal and toxic, that causes pollution in agricultural lands. Accumulation of Hg by plants may disrupt many cellular functions and block growth and development. This study investigated the effects of Hg toxicity on growth and some biochemical traits in Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) plants. The experiment was carried out under hydroponic conditions with 5 treatments (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20mM HgCl2 ) and 4 replicates. Under Hg toxicity dry weight of root and shoot, total chlorophyll and MDA in leaves, Hg accumulation in root and shoot and enzymes activity of peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in leaves were measured. The Results showed that the maximum accumulation of Hg occurred in roots followed by shoots. Dry weight of shoot and root, except in treatment of 5mM, significantly decreased in comparison to control. The reduction of total chlorophyll in leaves was significantly, with increasing Hg toxicity. MDA content in leaves significantly incerased with increasing of Hg toxicity in comparison to control. The activity of catalase and ascorbate proxidase in leaves increased significantly in comparison to control.The Increase of enzyme of peroxidase activity, except for treatment of 5mM was significant. reduction of growth and total chlorophyll and increase of MDA in leaves is associated with oxidative damage. Hg tolerance associated with the Hg accumulation in roots, increase of enzymes and activation of antioxidant defense system.

Silene genus is belong to Caryophyllaceae Family which has 700 species in the world, 98 species and 14 subspecies in Iran.This investigation, for first has studied stem anatomy and wood analysis of Silene species in Mashhad and and country side. Stem cross and longitudinal sections of 10 species and subspecies from 4 sections (Sclerocalycinae, Auriculatae, Melandriformes, Conoimorpha) were prepared by microtom (12-Micron-thick) and stained by differential staining by differential staining (safranine and fastgreen). Also, maceration was carried out for identification of size and type of vessel, fiber and sclerid. The results showed long simple sclerid, libriform fiber and vessel with simple perforation plate without tail was observed except in S. gertraudiae which this species had vessel with tail. And solitary, Radial chain pore and cluster arrangement of vessel. Also, ornamentation wall, long and diameter vessel, fiber and sclerid was studied. Variety anatomy characters: type of tissue under parenchyma, number of parenchyma layers under epiderm, number of xylem and phloem layers and diameter them, diameter of largest and shortest vessel and long them, Long and diameter of fiber and sclereid, number of vascular bands was used for isolation species.

Oleander plant (Nerium oleander L.) belongs to Apocynaceae family is a ornamental and prennial plant which growths perenially as a kind of bush. This research was conducted in 2007 at the greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch. A factorial experiment based on randome complete block design with three replications was used in this experiment, two types of hormone factors, including NAA and IBA and also concentration factor at four levels, including 0 (control), 2000, 3000, and 4000 miligram per liter were investigated. In this study, the percentage of rooting characteristics, the greatest root length, average root length, the root dry weight and the length of the new growthing of each 10 aerial plant which had been randomly selected, were measured and analyzed. The results show that application of IBA concentrations in 3000 and 4000 miligram per liter and NAA concentrations in 2000 and 3000 miligram per liter on the percentage of rooting, the greatest root lenth, average root length, root dry weight and length growth of new aerial effects IBA, had a significant effect, and IBA have had a wider range and better influence on rooting of the cutting of Oleander semi-hardwood than NAA, and the NAA at the concentration of 4000 miligram per liter in all measurments have shown a negative impact.

Astragalus species are classified as the most important forage species of Golestan Provinces, which are rehabilitation of rangelands hence identification and selection of suitable Astragalus in rangelands is necessary. In this study selection of forage Astragalus as perennial, without spiny, palatability, optimization of quantity and quality were considered. In order to measurement of vegetation, some factors such as; Production, canopy cover and density were used, meanwhile to determining forage quality some factors such as; Crude protein, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, dry matter digestibility and metabolic energy with application of AOAC (1990) in livestock lab of Golestan research center of Agriculture and Natural Resources were applied. The tate of platability of forage species used observation of livestock grazing in ranges, survey from expert persons, also reminder of rested plant. All statistical work on data including ANOVA and comparison of means carried out via SPSS software. This study resulted in among summer rangelands of Golestan Province, plant species of Astragalus podolobus, Astragalus jolderensis and Astragalus onobrychis. With the best quantitative factors including; production (117 to 413 kg/ha), crude protein (14 to18.5 percent in flowering period), metabolic energy (6.7 to 7.9 MJ/kg) also had value of high palatability. Therefore with regards to deficiency and shortage of forage in summer rangelands of Golestan Province, this species are offered to increasing quality and quantity of rangelands.

In this research, the effects of mobile phone waves radiation on germination and seedling ontogeny in Vicia faba grains was examined and compared with control samples., we have sony Ericsson phone Z200.The grains were put in petridish and the mobile phone set was placed over them and it was activated by calling from another phone.The grains under the treatment for 14 days, were radiated by the mobile phone waves three times a day, 10 minutes each time. The results indicated that The percentage of germination in test samples increased in compare to control samples. The average of root and stem diameters increased in comparison to control samples. The average of metaxylem diameters in test samples increased in comparison to control samples. Sclerenchyma bundles in test samples stems were more chromophihy in camparison to control samples.

In current century, antioxidant activity of medicinal plant was the most valued for prevention and case treatment against cardiac and cancer ailments. Punica granatum L. belongs to Punicaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal shrub in North of Iran, with wild grown in sea level to mountainous habitats in Golestan provinces. Long times ago, it has been used by the rural people in traditional medicine of this region for treatment of their current ailments. In this research different parts of plant were collected and extracted by perculation method and their most secondary metabolites were obtained and evaluated by Pearson chi- square in P<0.05. in two natural habitats. The survey of secondary metabolites showed content of flavonoide (96- 381.4 mg quercetin equivalants per gr) and total phenol (3.4mg cyaniding-3 glicoside equivalants per gr in dry powder of plant) were increased in juice and peel of fruit especially in higher region (375m), while anthocyanin contents in flower (375m) was more than of juice (140.1 381.4).