JOURNAL OF PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
Year:2009 | Volume:4 | Issue:2 (14)|Papers Count:8

There is a few information about microflora of Tehran Province in spite of its large surface. In this research, soils and waters of this province were studied and four new species of microalgae belongs to Nostocaceae, Oscillatoriaceae from cyanobacteria and also Chlorellaceae from chlorophyta have been reported for the first time. Collections were done from this province in summer and autumn of 2008. Samples were from both water and soil. Soil samples were cultured by use of Allen & Arnon, BG110, BBM and N8. Isolation was done by agar plate method. Species were identified by morphological keys. In conclusion 4 species Microcheate tenera, Oscillatoria foreaui, Nostoc entophytum, Chlorella ellipsoida belonged to blue green and green algae were isolated and identified from Tehran Province for first time.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been used to characterize the genetic diversity of 10 Iranian populations of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum). Ten out of 50 tested RAPD primers produced 57 polymorphic bands with presence or absence of patterns. Genetic distance among populations based on Jaccard s genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.37. The highest similarity was found between 7844 (Baft) vs. 3029 (Bojnourd) populations, whereas the lowest was among 4336 (Kerman) vs. 4056 (Chadegan) and 208 (Isfahan) vs. 1727 (Gorgan). Molecular variance analysis showed significant variation among populations and within populations, with average values of 13.46% and 86.54%, respectively. Analysis of population structure based on F-statistics revealed a higher values (FST=0.15) of variation within populations. The molecular data were subjected to unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis and populations were partitioned into three groups. Results of principal coordinate analysis strongly supported cluster analysis results. The interpopulation genetic distance showed no association with the geographic distance between the population sites of origin. However, they were in good agreement with the cluster pattern of morphological data that were obtained in the previous experiment. In general, RAPD marker data proved to be a good method of assessing genetic variation among populations of crested wheatgrass.

The genus Satureja represents with 15 species in Iran, with 9 endomic species. In this study, the aerial parts of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. With local name "Merzeh" in blooming were collected in Ardabil Province. Plant materials were dried in shade; essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography, using flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. The results showed the essential oil of S. bachtiarica contained (20.6%) thymol, (14.19%) linalool, (2.3%) g-terpinene, (26.4%) carvacrol, (5.94 %) a-Terpinene, (3.56%) myrcene, as main components. Due to the antimicrobial effect of phenolic compounds, thymol and carvacrol, the antimicrobial effects of these oils were determined against five gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus loteus, Staphylococcus areous) and three gram negative bacteria (Kellebsiella pneumonia, Kellebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeroginosa). The result showed the essential oils exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested strains, but in variable degree. The data indicated that Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Kellebsiella oxytoca were the most sensitive strain tested to the oils of S. bachtiarica and Bacillus cereus is known to have a high level of intrinsic resistance to virtually all known antibacterial and antibiotics.

In this study the influence of enhancing synthetic chelate (HEDTA) were investigated on lead (Pb) solution in contaminated soils. The Pb phytoextraction capability of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) before and after chelating was also studied. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete factorial design, with three replicated for each treatment. The Pb treatments (as PbCl2) were consisted of 0 (control), 50, 100, 600 and 1000 mg Pb kg-1 soil. When plants were fully grown, the chelating agent HEDTA was added to Pb treatments in concentration of 1.5, 5 and 6 mMkg-1 soil, respectively. The control treatments was received no chelate. Ten days later, some samples were taken from the plants and soils to measure lead concentrations after applying the chelate. The results indicated that in all treatments, the concentrations of soluble Pb in soil were more than the control treatment. In all treatments, Pb concentrations in plant shoots and roots were increased by increasing Pb concentrations in the soil solution. In current study, Pb concentration in radish shoots and roots, after enhancing HEDTA was larger than control. The collected data were also showed that Pb uptake by radish roots was larger than that of shoots.

A Field experiment was conducted on Corn (Zea mays L. Var. S.C. 704) to study the effect of three basal doses of nitrogen (90, 140, 190 Kg/ha) along with 0.01 and 0.02% pre sowing seed soaking treatment with pyridoxine for 8 hours. This experiment was arranged on split plot on the basis of complete block design in three replications in the year of 2007. Results have shown a significant increase in yield and yield component with using of nitrogen and pyridoxine. Pyridoxine probably with positive effect on root growth increased uptake of nitrogen and this has effect on yield and total dry matter accumulation. According to the result 0.02 percent of pyridoxine and 190 kg/ha nitrogen as compare to other treatments have increased yield and yield component in corn. Pyridoxine also improved growth indices of plant in this experiment.

The genus Dianthus belongs to Caryophyllaceae family encompasses over 300 species in the world. The genus importance is mainly because of its ornamental species, the different in polidy level and varaition form, shape and flower size. Three wild species of this genus has been reported in Khorasan Razavi province ie. D. binaludensis, D. polylepis (endemic for Iran) and D. crinitus. In order to investigation of Dianthus karyotype, a study was carried out on nine populations of the mentioned species in Khorassan Razavi Provience. The basic chromosome number of Dianthus was reported X=15. The level of ploidy in D. binaludensis and D. polylepis were diploid (2n=30), while such a level was found to be tetrapoloid (2n=60) in D. crinitus. In addition, in the present research, for the first time, the karyotype of the three species of Dianthus were prepared and compared with the morphological characters.

In other to evaluation of effects of seed size, and deterioration of the Seedling germination and growth of wheat in a laboratory test in year 2008 at Agricultural laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Gorgan branch. The experimental design was factorial (5´3), in the form in randomized completed design with 3 replications. Conducted seed size in 3 levels (Small, medium and Large) and seed deterioration in 5 levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days in 40°C). Results indicated that treatments were 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days of deterioration germination percentage maximum, day until 50% germination, root length, root, weight and shoot drymather, hetrotrophy weight decreased with increase in deterioration period. too results indicated that significant difference between treatments were seed size such as day until 50% germination, root and shoot lengthand drymather and hetrotrophy wieght. Improved seeds to increase the size of many measured factors were effective.

The genus Chenopodium L. is belongs to chenopodiaceae family with 15 species occur Iran and it is one of the complex genus in this family. The main purpose of these studies anatomically characters analyzing among the members of this genus and evaluating the efficiency of these features in systematics of the genus. Various anatomical characters such as ; shape of stem, presence of trichum and its variation, cortical parenchyma and subepidermal collenchyma, vascular bundles were very different between species. Species and sub species were easily separated from each other by mean of anatomical characters.