Journal of Woman Cultural Psychology
Year:2012 | Volume:3 | Issue:12|Papers Count:10

The psychoanalytical writings of Jacques Lacan offer a new possibility to critics for theorizing the social and political unconscious of literary texts. By rewriting Freud’s Oedipus process throughlinguistic terms, Lacan recognizes three orders in the psychic growth of the subject. The first order is the “real”, which does not need language because of its wholeness, unity, and its unavailability. The “imaginary” order is the second order with its illusion of wholeness and unity. The third order, after construction of law and civilization by the father, forces the child to enter the pre-established “symbolic” order, which is the territory of signified. Nezami Ganjaei, the poet, in his imagination world, would think about adventures which can be considered in breaking down the case psychological growth procedure. In this article we have tried to review tow stories from Nezami as an example of Nezami’s reflection by using Lacani’s topics.

The emergence of woman’s true character, accomplishment of difficult duties and divine andhumane responsibilities, and progression towards her true perfection necessitate avoiding taking extreme views but expressing correct opinion in accordance with nature which is deeply rooted in religious teachings. Since God has introduced Prophet Muhammad as a prototype so that believers could follow his speech and deeds, one of the issues which have been emphasized in his speech is introducing woman character and the particular look at it. The Holy Prophet, a true prototype of humanity, has discussed and investigated woman from different perspectives. The following are among the most important ones: woman’ glory and her religious identity, mother’ role and her nurturing duties, cooperation and giving rewards for service to husband, attention to daughter, husband’ duty to his wife and hatred toward divorce. If the prophet’s commands are taken into account, the level of comfort in families will increase and the possibility of growth and excellence in family members will be provided.

Ancient men and women were equal in all respects. There were no discrimination and inequality. Women rights in all societies and on all the time have been depended on the era expedients, cultural characteristics of the society and the social relations type. In ancient Iran there were specific rights for the women such as marriage, divorce, property, housekeeping, child-rearing and so on. This could be better understood by looking at the Shahnameh. Woman presence in Shahnameh was crucial and decisive appearance. Women’s role as family cohort and as a major factor in emergence and disappearance of power had been discussed all over in the Shahnameh. This paper attempted to review the important women law issues as well as the role of women in Shahnameh to better understand the women’s rights and status in ancient epic introducing such topics.

The current research was purposed to compare the cultural intelligence, emotional intelligence and personal-social adjustment in male and female students of Ahwaz Islamic Azad University. The research sample included 250 subjects (125 male and 125 female) who were selected basedon stratified random sampling. To collect data, Cultural Intelligence Scale (Ang and et al.2004), Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale and California Personal-Social Adjustment Questionnaire were implemented. Research design was based on causal- comparative method. Statistical method included multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Finding showed that there were significant differences between male and female on the cultural intelligence, emotional intelligence and personal-social adjustment. Therefore the research hypotheses were confirmed.

Woman, in the poetry of pre-constitution (Mashrote) era was seen through by an amatory and sentimental view. However political, social, and cultural changes occurred in Constitution, especially thematic changes in throughout intellectual and social domains and as an example in literature, brought about fundamental changes in attitudes towards subjects such as femininity in Iranian society. Some poets of the era, regardless of pure Islamic principles, relied only on their conception of outward aspect of divine law, and influenced by new and unprecedented social and cultural changes like prevalence of western attitude towards woman-that was contrary to correct religious and traditional thoughts- posed in their poems, subjects such as defending rights and liberty of women, criticizing hijab, and objecting to marriage of girls in teen ages. Following such an approach, these poets were on the edge of conflict and fight with religious teachings. Iraj Mirza, Arefe Ghazvini, and Abolghasem Lahooti were the examples of such poets. Through this study, researcher used a descriptive-analytic approach to consider the subject in poems of these three poets. Attitudes of these three poets towards women and their issues, according to the results of this research, involved in having a critical view on native culture and religious customs of society which is caused by factors such as: having almost the same intellectual source, being influenced by western one-dimensional humanistic view, and being scared off by western culture.

Women, in nowadays society, play an essential and progressive role in business and trading affaires. In recent years, women have occupied private enterprises jobs as much as government –related (public sector) ones, and this has been showed an ongoing and progressive rate. So it is necessary to pay much more attention to the women s, aptitude, innovation, talent and also their roles to develop countries. Many governments, especially in the economic crisis, have overcome their economic difficulties by following some principals and suitable policy besides benefiting from the women roles in generating jobs to efficiently circulating the economic wheels. Nowadays, in our society, Iran, women who composed half of the population are not home-bound members like earlier times but they have been educated and gained higher levels of academic degrees and knowledge in technical affaires. They also volunteer to participate in different fields and domains. Statistics showed that women in Iran have sought greater superiority in job producing than men. In the other side because the government has many investing limitations producing job; marketing is one of the most important solutions to the jobless women and their unemployment problem in Iran.

Bibi Kokab Bakhtiar; daughter of Nasir Khan Sardar Jang (war sirdar) and wife of Fathali KhanSardar Moazam Bakhtiary (dignified sirdar of Bakhtiary people); was one of those women who were interested in culture and knowledge in Iran contemporary history. She is the first Iranian woman that traveled to Europe and visited varions countries and wrote memories and events of her travel. This literary woman showed in her itinerary that was not deceived by deceptive figures and prestiges of west and was faithful toward her national and religions culture. Moreover Bibi Kokab Bakhtiar during the constitional revolution and contemporary history of Iran hosted from some of cultural literary and political dignitaries in a castle known as Dezak, including prominent politician on the contemporary history of Iran Dr. Mossadegh.

Various opinions about creation, role and status of woman in the world have been presented. Discussion on woman character and superiority or equality of the masculine and the femininity is as long as man history. All heavenly religions and humanoid schools have been sentsetive about woman and have taken a position, but it is important that who and which views in this regard met the reality. We can say courageously that Ibn Arabi’s idea about woman in theosophy viewpoint has been one of the most widespread and most internal ideas. The purpose of this article was recognition of woman’s existing value and her special place in famous patriarch; Mohi al din Ibn Arabi’s toughts, who was one of the famous man in theosophy in 7th century. In fact this article tried to have suitable answer to some questions about woman’s place. These questions were: does a woman gain perfection steps like a man? Or does a woman demeanor in theosophy as a man? Answers based on of Arabi’s toughts were investigated.