JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:11|Papers Count:11

The present study aimed to compare family’s emotional setting in hyperactive and normal children. The research was of follow-up type. The statistical population included all hyperactive children aged 7-12 in 1389 covered by mental and nervous ward of Roozbeh hospital; and also all normal children as the same in respect to age and gender. 45 hyperactive and 45 normal children were chosen through random sampling. Moos and Moos Questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using MANOVA. The results indicated that among the six factors of family’s emotional setting, only the extroversion factor was significantly different between the two groups (p<.05). In respect to reflective effects of status and gender in family’s emotional setting, only the difference in adversity factor was significant (p<.05). But the gender effect was not significant alone, i.e. there was not a significant difference in respect to family’s emotional setting factors between two groups of male and female hyperactive children.

This study was carried out to investigate the simple and multiple relationships between thinking styles and achievement motivation. To this end, 230 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling method, and the research questionnaires Thinking Styles Inventory and Achievement Motivation Questionnaire were completed by them. Using some statistical techniques such as, multiple regression and correlation coefficient, the data were analyzed. The findings of the research showed a significant positive relationship between Thinking Styles: legislative, judicial, global, local, liberal, hierarchical, monarchic, anarchic, internal and achievement motivation. In addition, the results showed that between Thinking Styles: executive, conservative, external and achievement motivation, there was a significant negative relationship. Also, the results showed that between Thinking Style oligarchic and achievement motivation there wasn’t a significant relationship. Regression analysis results also showed that there is a significant multiple correlation between thinking styles and achievement motivation (MR=0.60).

The present study sought to investigate the relationship between staff’s creativity and efficiency in East Azerbaijan and Ardebil education organizations. The research was of descriptive correlational type. The statistical population consisted all the staff of education organization in 45 and 19 (total 64) offices in East Azerbaijan and Ardebil respectively in 1389. Using Morgan’s Table and relative stratified method, 56 offices (27, 29) including 297 staff members (179, 118) were selected via simple random method. Two reliable and validated questionnaires were used to collect data, in a way that the creativity questionnaire was filled by the offices’ staff and the organizational efficiency questionnaire was filled by the educational managers. To test the hypotheses, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used. The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between the staff’s creativity and the organizational efficiency in these provinces.

Various factors can be related to test anxiety, and its prevalence, especially in female students has been approved. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of religious & non-religious attributions to test anxiety. To this end, a total of 341 high school female students of Tabriz city completed the questioners of "Approaching Daily Hassles and stressors" and "Ahvaz test anxiety scale". To analyze data, the descriptive indicators of the variables and Pearson correlation method were used. Descriptive statistics showed that most of the students test anxiety scores were distributed around the mean score and the students reported religious attributions more than nonreligious ones. Inferential analysis of data indicated that religious attributions were not significantly correlated to test anxiety. Also, between the mean scores of the learners of the four academic fields, attributional components were seen significantly different only in the natural factors component. Future research should be conducted to address the role of influencing mediated factors in relationships of religious attributions to test anxiety.

Within theoretical foundation, the integration of Ritzer’s, Castell's, Gidenz’ and Parson’s theoretical views was used in the feminism issue to design the theoretical framework. The research was of survey type the instrument of which was a researcher-made questionnaire for which validation and reliability test were done to gather data. The sample included 327 female students of humanities and engineering faculties of Garmsar, IAU, selected through random sampling method. Findings indicated that the rate of feministic attitude tended to be average to high and this attitude was higher in humanities students than engineering ones. The following was found, in average to high degrees: believing in gender inequality in families and in law or social regulations, complaining about the women's role as merely a housekeeper, inequality in economic advances of women compared to men. The other result was high level of economic and social-cultural motives in the above-mentioned feministic attitude which is interpretable through social, radical and liberal feminisms. It can be said that due to different situations, individuals tend to have certain attitudes in this regard and they express the main reason of gender inequality in that same position. This leads to different attitudes towards the issue and different feministic attitudes. Lizerl’s modeling values were the criteria for the proposed model of the researcher.

The aim of this study was investigation and comparison of relationship between big five factor, happiness and sport achievement in national team, professional and non- professional athletics of eastern Azerbaijan. 72 athletics (Consisting 21 national team athletics, 25 professional athletics and 26 non- professional athletics) who were selected using the access sampling method, were assessed using Big Five Factor Inventory (FFI) (Costa & McCrae, 1992), Happiness Scale (Argyle, 2000) and Sport Achievement (Besharat, 1381). The results were analyzed through Pearson correlation quotient, regression, ANOVA and the follow-up test. Results showed that non- professional athletics, the amount of neuroticism was significantly less than national team and professional athletics (P<1%). The amount of extraversion, happiness and openness was significantly higher than national team athletics compared to other groups (P<1%); also, results showed that the amount of agreeableness and conscientiousness was significantly higher than national team athletics compared to other groups (P<1%). Results showed that in national team athletics and professional athletics there were negative significant correlation between sport achievement and neuroticism (P<5%); also, there were positive significant correlation between extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness and happiness factors and sport achievement factor (P<1%). Data analysis through simultaneous regression showed that from among the 6 factors under study in national team athletics and professional athletics, sport achievement can be predicted only by agreeableness and.

There has been an increased effort to better understand linkages between tobacco use and anxiety disorders. These scientific activities are theoretically and clinically important as there are bi-directional relations between tobacco use and anxiety and its disorders. ‘AS’ is the fear of anxiety and arousal-related sensations, and it has been conceptualized as a trait-like, cognitive predisposition for anxiety and stress-related psychopathology. The purpose of the present study was to compare social phobia and anxiety sensitivity with smoking in university students. The research sample consisted 50 smoking and 50 non-smoking students that were selected through random sampling method among university students of Mohaghegh Ardebili University. The subjects completed social phobia inventory Coonor et al (2000), Revised Anxiety Sensitivity Index (Taylor & Cox, 1998) and self report smoking behavior Patrick et al (1994). Findings showed there were meaningful differences in the mount of anxiety sensitivity and social phobia in smoking and nonsmoking university students. Also, the data analysis showed significant positive correlation between the total score of anxiety sensitivity and social phobia with smoking. These findings suggest that anxiety sensitivity is an important and unique cognitive factor for better understanding clinically-relevant psychological processes related to cigarette smoking.

Wilhelm Diltai is one of the hermeneutics philosophers in the classic era having a very crucial role in developing hermeneutics. His most contribution in philosophy is the epistemological analysis of humanities and defending its value and position. The investigation of why he has been so interested in humanities indicates that his living period was contemporaneous to the total rejection of humanities and vast development of experimental and natural sciences. Thus, Diltai, in reaction to the natural sciences dominance, tried to objectify humanities and establish a credit and value for it like natural sciences. This gave rise to the fundamental question in Diltai’s thought: How can definite, objective and authentic recognition and realization be possible just like natural sciences? After vast thinking, he came to know that the reason of achievement natural sciences had was that they pursued a definite foundation and a thorough method. This was lacking in humanities. Diltai aimed to first found humanities, then provide and design a convenient method for it. To achieve this end, Diltai started his job from 1883 to the end of his life. The result was publication of several books the first of which was ‘An Introduction to Humanities’ and the last of which was ‘Formation of the Historical World in Humanities’. Diltai, in his first book, related the origination of everything (things or feelings) to a mental or inner state and based the sciences specially humanities on it and selected self -thought and introspection to perceive or realize it. Then, he came to know that he could not solve the objectivity issue with such an analysis. So, changing his attitude, he replaced awareness affaies with objectivity of spirit to both solve the objectivity problem and defend the authenticity and objectivity of humanities. The aim, here, is to study Diltai’s ups and downs in this trend.