JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

Flight ability in bats inable them that occupy the nitches that the other mammals can not use of them. So this animals are cosmopolitan and live in most habitats. In temperate latitude their reproduction phenomena interrupt with hibernation. The aim of this research is to find evidence of sperm storage in males ofRhinolophus mehelyi in west of Iran. Specimens have been captured in 2004, 2005 from karaftoo cave and their reproduction systems have been obtained. Histological slides that have been portended show that males of this bat have a lot of sperm in deferent ducts and epidydimis. At the other hand the accessory gland show hypertrophy and have to seem active. This research can be an evidence of occurrence of sperm storage in males ofRhinolophus meheli during hibernation.

The one-Year-old cuttings ofDianthus caryophyllus L. were obtained from the Ornamental Plants and Flowers Breeding Center of Varamin and planted on a field in rows. They were then irrigated by means of drip irrigation and were given alcoholic (ethanol) treatments with 3.6 and 9 percent concentrations. The growth and development factors and ontogenic phenomena of the plants affected by alcoholic treatments were studied in five stages of ontogeny and through the commonly used for cytohistological study method was studied. Ontogeny of vegetative to generative meristem, bud formation and flowers parts. Results of study in foliar buds with the same of size and age in control and were treated plants were shown that alcohol accelerated ontogeny of different parts in flower. For example when in control plants were seen primordial of particles in flower in were treated plants with same size were recognizable young ovary stamen (filament, anther and pollen mother cell). The most important and applicatory results alcoholic treatments, increased of acceleration of one to two weeks in flowering period as compared to control plants were seen. Results of study were shown that in embryo of control plants were more proceed to were treated plants with ethanol 3 percent. This concentration of alcohol to delay stages of ontogeny of embryo. Studies were shown that extract of flowers ovary delay aging and drooping in cut flowers.

Nine varieties ofsorghum were planted in saline and non-saline soils.The design of experiments were split plot with varieties as main plots and level of salinity. As such splits with randomized complete block design arrangement with four replications, the same experiment was carried out in growth chamber and hydroponic solutions, (using modifiedHoagland’s solution). The course of prolineand soluble sugars in shoots and roots in case of both field and growth chamber experiment.The plant were harvested two times, Results of the experiment the indicate that four all parameters measured there were statistical significant difference at %1 level of probability in saline and nonsaline soils, The results of field experiments and growth chamber were comparable and varieties were statistically different. Among the nine varieties for all the parameters measured varieties "speed feed" and "Fsia+" had significant difference with other seven varieties those varieties had the highest tolerance salinity, for example these two varieties had the highest accumulatedproline, soluble sugars andGhalamiye harat was middle of tolerant salinity than the other varieties. jumbo and sugar graze had the lowest tolerance to salinity, the overall results of this experiment shown, that there are possibility for screening thesorghum varieties for salt stress had salt tolerance, and we were supposed these three varieties for planting in our country to agricultural state ministry.

Because of the important role of plants on the earth, studying about the factors affect plant growth is very important. Among these, effects of electric and magnetic fields have attracted considerable attention. In this research we studied the effects of different intensities (3.7mT and 4.5mT) of DC magnetic fields and different intensities (2.7mT and 3.5mT) of AC magnetic fields and exposure times (30, 60 and 90 min) on germination and primary growth of Brassica napus seedlings.In order to do experiences, seeds were divided into four sets and each set to three groups. The treated and untreated seeds were then germinated under an identical condition of the water-bedded Petri-dish in a temperature and relative humidity. The growth factors were measured every day in the same time for a week.Results indicate that the magnetic fields have no significant effect on germination of Brassica napus seeds. The roots length increased about 1.1 times in low magnetic AC fields (without diode) and 1.1-1.2 times in high magnetic DC fields (with diode) compared with that of the untreated seeds. The growth of hypocotyls increased about 1.1 times in field of 2.7 mT (AC), and all exposure times compared with that of control seeds. However an inhibitory effect about 10% to 40 % on hypocotyls growth was shown in the case of AC and DC magnetic fields more than 2.7mT and the maximum inhibitory effect was seen in the field of 3.7mT. The number of axillary’s roots increased about 25% in magnetic field of 4.5 mT compared with that of untreated seeds.The results show that AC and DC magnetic fields used in this research have no significant effect on germination of Brassica napus seeds. However magnetic fields can affect the primary growth of seeds and these effects are altered in different intensity and times of exposure, and also in different states of seeds growth and differentiation.

Pterisfern belongs to Pteridaceae family and Pteris cretica is one of the existing types in Iran. At the outset of the reproduction cycle, the fern creates the sores on the back side and margins of folioles.In this research, the fern’s spore underwent the process of culture in the soil and the stages of germination till the formation of protonema, the heart-shaped prothalli and distinction of sexual organs were evaluated. The growth of spore in the appropriate environment initially takes place in a single direction and forms the multi-cellular protonema through cellular division and later the protonema creates a broad and green cellular plain called prothalli. The asymmetrical division in the apical cells of prothalli leads to the formation of the sexual notch and the heart-shaped prothalli. The male sexual organs (antheridia) and later the female sexual organs (archegonium) are differentiated on the heartshapedprothalli.Arsenic is a toxic pollutant of the environment. The purification of water and soil that have been contaminated with arsenic can take place by using the existing engineering methods that are difficult and costly. Identification of Pteris fern and its species and the accumulation of arsenic in its frond led to the creation of phyto-remediation technology for decontaminating arsenic-contaminated places.By adding 0.001 gr/lit of arsenic, its impacts on the growth of spores and the distinction of the fern’s sexual organs were studied. Spores treated with arsenic grew slowly and the germination of protonema, prothalli and the distinction of the sexual organs took place with a delay.The result of the research indicated thatPteris fern can considerably absorb arsenic and prothallis exposed to arsenic are small and have a few sexual notches with low depth leading to the formation of several lobes. Part of the changes can be due to the increasing number of cells and their irregular divisions caused by arsenic.

The influence of the kind of cytokinin and number of subcultures on micropropagation ofOlea europaea L. cv.'Dezful' were evaluated. Uninodal explants from a 4 year old green house plant were cultured in DKW medium supplemented with 2ip or BAP (4 mgl-1).The carbohydrate source was mannitol (30 gl-1). With the medium supplemented BAP the rate of micropropagation, number of nods and new shoots per explant were more than 2ip treatment. Sterile in vitro shoots (4-5 nods) were used for further experiments. The explants were subcultured with 45 days period. Results indicated that in the first subculture, the rate of shoot proliferation in the explants cultured in 2ip medium and subcultured in BAP medium were significantly increased. In the second subculture growth factors in the explants obtained from 2ip were more than BAP. Results indicated that the number of nods and new shoots per explant were significantly decreased with increasing of the number of subcultures.

In this study anatomical structure of organogenic and vegetative organ ofHedera helix.L was studied by the use of common methods of cello histology and optic microscopy.Hedera helix.L has epidermis in its stem and beneath it collenchyma layer is located to improve the plants fortification; which has 7 vascular bundles consist of wood vessels and phloemes and some fibers around them.Around the fibers secretary ducts of the plants are located.To study the impacts of air pollution, the plants were collected from 9 different regions of Tehran which they had stations to measure the air pollution. Then we have made some sections of all the samples and the histology studies were done. Because of the impacts of air pollution on the stem, leaf blade and petiole these tissues were studied.Studies over 4 stations of Fatemi, Bazzar, Mehrabad and Jeophisic which were the most polluted stations shows that the numbers of vascular bundles were usually the same but the width of the vessels specially the wood vessels has been increased and the amount of fiber specially in the stem was increased either.In addition of the stem structure, in the leaf structure we have also saw the increase in the number and width of wood vessels especially in the mid-rib of the leaf. It seems that the most effective air pollution role belongs to Nitrogen oxidants.

In this study, investigated the adverse effects ofTrigonella foenum-graecum leaves aqueous extract (TGLE) on fetal development of hind limb long bone. TGLE was administered to pregnant rats by Intra peritoneal (i.p.) injection at the dose levels of 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 (g/kg/day) on 10th day of gestation. Then all rats were sacrificed on 20th day of gestation and fetuses were removed of their uterus. The fetuses were assayed for histopathological signs of long bone. The treated group showed a correlation with histopathological changes of long bone tissue in their fetus. In conclusion, if only TGLE is used without consumption of any herbal plant concurrently, (1) TGLE has toxic potential on pregnant rats at the highest dose level (3.2 g/kg/day). This study shows that (2) the extract produces adverse effects on the development of hind limb long bone by disorder in the histology details of cell structure and growth into long bone during to endochondral ossification. Thus TGLE at the highest dose level the applicable dosage may cause severe adverse alterations in rat fetus. Proper clinical research should be carried out to confirm the same activity in human.