JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOBIOLOGY IRAN
Year:2012 | Volume:8 (NEW) | Issue:4 (35)|Papers Count:7

Pulmonary diseases in camelids represent one of the major complaints in camelid veterinary practice. The present study was undertaken during spring 2010 to investigate histopathologic patterns of pulmonary lesions in camels (Camelus deromedarius) slaughtered in Semnan slaughterhouse. In this study, 33 out of 100 carcases (totally 150 carcases) inspected randomly at postmortem, found with pulmonary lesions. Proper tissue samples obtained from lungs with macroscopic lesions, fixed in 10% neutral buffer formaldehyde, processed for routin histopathological techniques, and finally sections of 5µm thickness cut and stained by H&E staining techniques. The major pulmonary lesions encountered on camel lungs were as follow: interstitial pneumonia 30 (90.9%), pulmonary fibrosis 15 (45.45%), pneumoconiosis 24 (27.72%), atelectasis 27 (81.81%), pulmonary emphysema 24 (27.72%), hydatidosis 12 (36.63%), calcified cyst 12 (36.63%), bronchopneumonia 18 (54.54%), parasitic pneumonia 1 (9.09%).

Dirofilaria immitis is one of the circulatory system parasite of dogs and the effects of cardiopulmonary severe in animal's causes, according to the zoonotic of this parasite and to verify the primary infection of Dirofilaria immitis in the Sarab district, a cross sectional study were conducted on 384 sheepdogs. ELISA tested sera. Seropervalence rate 13.5% (52.384) was reported. The highest seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in 4-6 years dog 21.7% (37.170) and lowest in 0-2 years dog 5.5% (7.126) was reported. Seroprevalence in male dogs 14/3% (44.306) and in females was 10/ 2% (8.78). The highest infection rate of dogs in the Jalda bakhan village with 48.14% (13.27) and the lowest infection rate of dogs in the Asbfroshan village were with 2.8% (2.70). In the study between infection, sex, race, and how the dog kept was not statistically significant relationship, but with increased age infection level were also increased. Thirty-five dogs 0.5 to 7 years old from various villages of Sarab, and the research design and euthanized in during visceral leishmaniasis studies. They were autopsied and examined the hearts and lungs (especially pulmonary arteries) for the nematode. Rate of the infection in the dogs was three cases (8.5%). Only seven adult male of Dirofilaria immitis was collected from pulmonary artery and one adult male nematode in right ventricular of the dogs. That revealed Dirofilaria immitis occult infection (no present of the microfilariae in the blood) in the dog. The findings of this study Dirofilaria immitis infection in this area need for more comprehensive review and control pollution will emphasize.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of protein hydrolysates on proteolytic enzymes of rainbow trout alevins, Onchorhynchus mykiss. Six diets based on different levels of sardine )Sardinella gibossa( protein hydrolysate (SPH) and poultry by-products protein hydrolysate (PPH) (10% , 25% and 50%) were tested. 824±12 Alevins in 40 liter tanks, fed with these diets for 30 days after start the feeding. Pepsin, Trypcin, N-Aminopeptidase, Leucin-alanin peptidase, and Alkaline Phosphates measured based on spectrophotometric methods. Brush border membrane enzymes showed the quickly intestine entrocyte maturation in SPH25%, SPH10% and PPH10% (p<0.05).Results showed that protein hydrolysate has optimum level for quick intestine entrocytes maturation and further use of protein hydrolysate in the rainbow trout alevins diet has negative effect on this factor. In this regards optimum level substitution of fish meal is 25% SPH and 10% PPH.

In many renal diseases, we have to do nephrectomy including renal cysts, hydronephrosis,   polycystic kidney, etc. Nephrectomy can cause severe side effects. In this study, the effect of nephrectomy on one of the important functions of kidney, the production of active vitamin D (1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) from inactive vitamin D, has been studied. In this study 15 mixed breed healthy female dogs were divided into 3 group, including group 1 which underwent left partial nephrectomy, group 2 which underwent left total nephrectomy and group 3 which underwent left total nephrectomy and right partial nephrectomy. Blood samples were collected a day before surgery, on day of surgery and 45 days after surgery. Histopathology was done on surgery day and 45 days after it. The results indicated that there was hypertrophy in the remained kidney 45 days after surgery. Also, in group 3 calcium was lower and urea, creatinine and phosphorus were higher than the normal range. However, in group 1 and 2 they were in the normal range. The amount of vitamin D in group 3 showed significantly lower mean. Based on the results, it is recommended that in all three groups active vitamin D and calcium are used as exogenous, although vitamin D wasn’t in the normal range only in group 3.

Diarrhoea is one of the most important GI tract that reduces meaningful performance of the patient. Dried whole plant parts of Ludwigia hyssopifolia were subjected to successive cold extraction with n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol. The methanol extract (LHM), obtained as 1% yield, showed significant antidiarrheal property by reducing diarrheal episodes in castor oil and serotonin induced diarrhea in laboratory mice at a dose of higher than 100mg/kg body weight as compared to standard drug loperamide given at a dose of 66.67 mg/kg body weight. The percent reduction in diarrheal episode by 56.32 and 89.66 after castor oil challenge and 59.09 and 86.36 in serotonin induced diarrhea was observed at doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight of the extract respectively. The extract LHM was also found to reduce the gastrointestinal motility by 53.8% at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight as compared to control, while no remarkable inhibition of gastrointestinal motility was seen at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight of the extract.

Adding fat to the feed palatability, slow food through the intestines and also help absorb fat-soluble vitamins can improve poultry performance. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of canola oil on Leucine Amino peptidase (LAP) enzyme activity of the small intestine of turkey chicks. This research in a completely randomized design with three levels of canola oil with 0, 5.2 and 5% with 3 replicates each containing 10 turkey chicks was done. Animals were slaughtered at the end and different segments of small intestine at 1, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% of total length the small intestine were taken from each replicates (N=2) Leucine Amino peptidase enzyme activity was measured and recorded. Data were analyzed by SAS (P<0.05). As intake of different levels of canola oil significantly increased Leucine Amino peptidase enzyme activity at sites of the small intestine of the turkeys (P<0.05), Seems to slow down the oil passes through the intestines to digest food better protein and increased enzyme activity in intestinal mucosa are Leucine Amino peptidase enzyme.

Johne s disease is a severe chronic progressive enteritis that infect digestive system of ruminants, domestic animals, wild animals and equine. This study performed due to distinguish M. avium paratuberculosis with nested polymerase chain reaction and Ziehl–Neelsen, s staining on the ilieum samples of slaughtered cattle in Shahr-e- Kord industrial slaughterhouse. Results showed that respectively 6.6% and 26.67% of bovine are contaminated with M. avium paratuberculosis according to histopathology method and nested polymerase chain reaction. Mac nemar statistical test showed that sensitivity of PCR test was more than histopathological method ( P<0.001) . Also 80% total agreement between these two methods and the Kappa coefficients calculated at 0.33 which represent is poor agreement (P<0.01). There wasn’t significant deference between, gender, race and age with infection rate (P>0.05). The results showed that a nested PCR test for diagnosis of infection is high speed and accuracy and in the primary levels of disease that amount of microorganism is a few we cannot trust to result of histopathological method for recognition of Johne‚s disease.