JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOBIOLOGY IRAN
Year:2010 | Volume:7 | Issue:2|Papers Count:7

In this investigation striated cloacae muscles in 14 cloacae (intact and incised) of male ostriches were studied.Cloacae in the ostriches like the other birds is composed of coprodeum, urodeum and proctodeum. All these three compartments are surrounded by six striated muscles. These muscles are arranged in three layers; superficial, middle and deep layer. The superficial layer include the cloacal sphincter, the levator cloacae and the depressor cloacae muscles. The middle layer is composed of the constrictor cloacae and the transverse cloacae muscles. The deep layer is composed of only one muscle the dilator cloacae. There are two other muscles which can be considered as the cloacae muscles in the male ostrich. These are the levator phalli and the retractor phalli muscles which are associated with the phallus in the male ostrich.

This survey was concluded to study identification, distribution determination of Diplostomum spataceum infestation and it's possible causes in west Azarbaijan (Iran) cold water fish farms. for this purpose among 40 propagated and cultured Rainbow trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss, farms around West Azarbaijan Province of Iran, 312 individuals were examined parasitically randomly during various harvesting seasons. 52 infested fishes with 16.6% were found and 12 farms that 9 farms enjoyed river water and 3 farms had well water sources to provide their water supply. Infested farms were found around Makou, Urmia, Piranshahr, Naghadeh, whereas, Urmia and Tekab infested farms were caused by exotic infestation of infected fingerlings. It was shown that most of the farms which had Diplostomum spataceum provided their water supply from river alone or with the other water sources. The most infection rate with 39% was observed in summer and minus infection rate 6.6% in spring was observed. These farms enjoyed of sedimentation ponds that can play a key role in complementing the life cycle of the parasite. A great accumulation of Vermin's, specially Snails were observed around and in the sedimentation ponds. In the meanwhile, 70 cases of these snails were collected in which Lymnaea sp., bivalves and planorbis genus have been distinguished. In autopsies of Lymnaea snails, a stage of sporocyst form of parasite was observed.

Aflatoxins are the most important metabolite of Aspergillus and some species of Penicillium. B1, B2, G1 and G2 are the main types of aflatoxins and the other metabolites are produced from these. In this study, inhibitory effect ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae on B1 and B2 were examinated in two scales (culture media and Kilka fish meal).In culture media, were used from two concentration of B1 (12 and 16 ppb) and B2 (8 and 12 ppb) and two doses of the yeast (3 and 4%). In fish meal, were also two concentration of B1 (50 and 100 ppb) and B2 (25 and 50 ppb) and one dose of the yeast (4%). Changes of aflatoxins and the yeast growth were tested by HPLC and Spectrophotometer (OD: 600l respectively).Laboratory results were showed that B1 and B2 have been decreased to 90.6-92.8% and 89.9-94% respectively (for 3% Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and 93.3-94.6% and 94.9-95.8% respectively (for 4% Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In fish meal, B1 and B2 have been decreased to 85-90.79% and 87.05-87.07% respectively.The conclusion were showed that this yeast is able to significantly decrease of B1 and B2 aflatoxins in culture media and meal and can be used as biological tool in different feed particularly fish meal.

It would seem to be a reasonable objective that results produced by a given laboratory for each assay are consistent over time and that results produced by different laboratories from the same samples are comparable. It seems that using diagnostic kits with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision at international levels, is necessary to achieve the objective. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of the diagnostic kits from Elitech and Pars Azmoon companies. Glucose, cholesterol, creatinine and total protein concentrations at normal and pathological levels were measured. The results of the present study showed that there was a high significant difference (p<0.001) between the studied kits at normal range but no significant difference was observed at pathologic range. Regarding cholesterol no significant difference (p>0.05) was seen at normal concentrations between the kits but at pathological concentrations the difference was highly significant (p<0.0001).The kits had significant difference at all studied ranges (P<0.001) and regarding total protein no significant difference was observed at the levels of True Lab P and normal range but the difference was significant at Level 3 range (p<0.05). The results of the present study could help the laboratories to choose the diagnostic kits with high precision and accuracy at reasonable prices.

Cysteamine is known to induce duodenal ulcer by oxidative effect in mucus. We studied the protective effect of captopril (with doses 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg respectively at 0.5 and 12 h before ulcer induction) and omeprazol (with doses 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg respectively at 0.5 and 12 h before ulcer induction) against cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer (450 mg/kg twice at 4 h interval) in 112 rats by determining duodenal ulcer Index and ulcer inhibition percent. Drugs used in this study were given by gavages. Twenty-four hours after the final dose of normal saline or cysteamine, the animals were killed under ether anesthesia and the duodena were excised carefully. Each duodenum was cut open along the antimesentric side and rinsed with saline and examined under 5-fold binocular magnification. For histological examination, tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. We found that Captopril and Omeprazole decreased the incidence of ulcers and also enhanced the healing of ulcers. Ulcer Index by Cysteamine was 3.02±0.6 but after the administration of Omeprazol decreased to 0.94±0.24 and with Captopril reached to 0.7±0.24 that both was significant (P£0.05). Percent of ulcer inhibition by Omeprazol %68.74±8.24 and by Captopril administration were %77.6±8.24. Conclusively, both drugs have antiulcer effects that are probably due to antioxidant effects of these drugs.

Neospora caninumhas been recognized as an important cause of abortion in cattle. This study was done for determining of the presence of antibody against above-mentioned parasite and its effective role in abortion in the industrial and semiindustrial husbandries in Garmsar.Eighty four serum samples from aborted cattle and also 20 serum samples from healthy cattle were taken and after sending to laboratory, were analyzed for antibodies against Neospora caninumantigen using a commercial N. caninum ELISA kit (Herdcheck, IDEXX’s, USA).Results showed that antibodies to N. caninum were found in 40 of 104 total cattle (38.5%) and abortion was reported in 95% of them. Statistical analyses showed significant differences between incidence of the infection in aborted cattle and healthy cattle (p<0.01). But this relationship between age and number of gestation and infection to neosporosis were not significantly (p>0.01). Moreover, statistical analysis showed that there is correlation between prevalence of the infection and frequency of abortion in cattle (p<0.01) and this relationship confirmed the role of protozoan in the frequency of abortion in the infected animals. Therefore, based on the role of N. caninum in significant economic loss, its control is highly recommended.

Increasing tendency to reduce the use of synthetic preservatives has led to research and use of naturally derived antimicrobials. The essential oil of rosemary is used as flavoring agent in food and because of great antimicrobial and antioxidative characteristics, it is known as a pharmaceutical plant.The aim of this survey was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of rosemary essential oil (0, 50 and 100 ppm) at two temperatures (8 and 25oC) during fourteen days storage on growth ofStaphylococcus aureus in a commercial soup. Surface plate count was used after serial dilution preparation of samples for determination the number of bacteria after 24 hours.Results were statistically significant (p<0.05) and indicated that increasing the concentration of the essential oil caused a decrease in bacterial population.