Veterinary Research & Biological Products
Year:2016 | Volume:28 | Issue:4 (109)|Papers Count:12

Assigned to 4 treatments, with 5 replicate, 20 birds per each replicate was conducted to determine the effect of diet supplementation withLactobacillus cultures on some blood parameters and mortality of broiler chicken. Lactobacillus cultures used in this study prepared by sampling from broilers ileum (Ross 308) at 42 day of age. For this purpose the experiment carried out by feeding 4 levels of the Lactobacillus cultures (0%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15%) were added to broiler basal diets. Hematological, biochemical tests were measured at day 21 and 42; hemoglobin, hematocrit, release of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, white blood cell, heterophils, lymphocytes, cholesterol and triglycerides. Mortality was recorded daily. The results of the recent experiment showed that, feeding diet with Lactobacillus cultures (0.15%) to chickens significantly (P<0.05) decreased hemoglobin, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activity, cholesterol and triglycerides. Moreover, Lactobacillus cultures (0.15%) significantly (P<0.05) increased hematocrit and white blood cell at day 42 of age. Moreover, Lactobacillus cultures (0.15%) significantly reduced chicken mortality compared to the other group. There are no significant effects of Lactobacillus cultures on other blood parameters.

Different industrial activities produce large amount of metals and thereby affect natural ecosystems, plants and animals. Therefore determining the concentrations of metals due to cumulative effect of them in different tissues of animals are considered to be very important. Due to small size of rodents than large mammals they have higher metabolism than them therefore more exposeds to environmental pollutions. In this study by statistical method of principal component analysis that is a multivariate statistical method, the concentration of aluminum, copper, zinc, iron, lead, cadmium, cobalt, sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, chromium, nickel, strontium in liver, hair, heart and femur of Persian jird were investigated. In summer of 2012, samples were collected by using snap trap in different parts of copper mine. Wet digestion method and ICP-OES instrument were applied for measurement of metal concentrations in different tissues. The concentration of Cd, Pb and Co were reported below the limit detection of instrument. Three principal factors were extracted from principal component analysis which explain about 88% of the total variance. Calcium, sodium, zinc, magnesium, potassium and strontium with the first factor, iron, nickel, chromium and aluminum with the second factor and copper with the third factor show high correlation. All of the metals expect zinc placed in the first factor accumulate more in femur tissue and metals placed in the second and third factors accumulate more in hair tissue.

Parasitic infections of native chickens are among sources of infection for people and industrial poultry, thereby constituting health and economic problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and the identification of species of internal and external parasites of native chickens in Lorestan Province. One hundred native chickens selected randomly. Endoparasites and ectoparasites were identified using microscopic examination. Fourteen species of parasites were collected from alimentary canals, lungs and feathers of chickens. Infection rates were as follows: Raillietina tetragona 22%, Choanoataenia infandibulum 1%, Ascaridia galli 16%, Heterakis gallinarum 17%, Subulura brumpti 2%, Trichostrongylus tenuis 3% and Capillaria anatis 3%. Out of 100 chickens, 8% were infected with Syngamus trachea. Native chickens were infected with Eimeria tenella (10%), Eimeria Maxima (4%) and Eimeria Acervulina (3%). Five percent of native chickens were infected with Menopen gallinae and Cuclotogaster heteragraphus. From the 100 native chickens examined, 4% were infected with Argas persicus. It is suggested that educational programs about periodical anti-parasitic treatments are necessary for veterinarians and rural people.

Salmonella infection is a major public health problem in the world and in most parts of the world, particularly in developing countries are of utmost importance. Poultry, human, animal and food play an important role in transmission, economy and public health aspects. Yet studies show that Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium is the predominant serotypes.Due to limitations in isolation in laboratory, using molecular techniques as a rapid, inexpensive, specific and sensitive diagnostic must be used. The source of the infection could be important in the control strategies. Spread of resistance genes via plasmid among different serotypes of Salmonella is of great importance. Identification and prevention of drug resistance genes among serotypes of Salmonella could be one of the most important issues in the study of its ressistance. To determine the susceptibility patterns of isolates, the protocols of treatment can be modified and replaced with effective antibiotics.

Coccidiosis is an enteric disease that produces by Eimeria protozoa (phylum: Apicomplexa). It is the most important disease in poultry in the world. Survey on distribution of Eimeria species requires continuous study in poultry flocks. In this study, prevalence of Eimeria species in litter of broilers and layer farms in Tehran and Alborz provinces were carried out. Litter samples, including: 354 broiler and 282 laying flocks with a number of suspected chickens with pre-clinical symptoms were collected to examine gross and lesions in carcass. Oocytes were separated from feacal samples and analyzed morphologically.The results showed three species of Eimeria including: tenella, maxima and acervulina in broiler with amount of 25.55%, 31.39% and 14.77%, respectively, and in poulet in addition to these three species mentioned above, the Eimeria necatrix with amount of 21.51%, 20.64%, 8.33% and 1.03% respectively. These results showed, in addition to the use of anti- coccidiosis drugs, the use of vaccine, based on the dominant species seems essential in this area.

This experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of drinking Thyme essence on performance, immune condition and some blood parameters in broiler chickens. A total number of 500 Ross-308 male broiler chickens were allocated randomly to 4 treatments and 5 replicates using a CRD statistical design. Treatments were included plane water as control group and levels of 1, 1.5 and 2 ml of thyme essence in drinking water as experimental groups. Experimental traits were performance indices, serum antibody levels of important viral diseases, and some blood parameters at 21and 42 days of age. Results showed that different levels of thyme essence had a significant effect on performance and blood parameters (P<0.05). Feed intake, daily gain, feed conversion and efficiency of energy and protein consumption significantly improved through thyme essence treatments compared to control group (P<0.05). Serum antibody levels of viral diseases did not significantly affected by different levels of thyme essence (P>0.05). Concentration of HGB, percentage of HCT and number of RBC and WBC at 21 and 42 days of age were significantly higher in thyme essence treatments compared to control (p<0.05). As a final result, use of thyme essence in drinking water of broilers recommended at levels of 1.5 and 2 ml per each liter due to its positive effects on performance health and blood parameters of birds.

Mycobacterium paratuberclosisis one of the most important of Micobacterium tuberculosis complex family. This pathogen can infect all ruminant animals like cattle, sheep and goat. This research was done in central of Iran on goats & sheep those have signs of Johne's disease. The samples were put in safe packing and cold position beside ice. We worked on samples according to the (O.I.E) protocols: Decontamination, Culture in special mediums & Incubation in 37. C for about 20 weeks & wrirte results. The special mediums in this research include: Herrold’s Eeg Yolk with Mycobactin & Herrold’s Eeg Yolk without Mycobactin Finally, in culture stage we 11 positive samples from 68 total. In molecular stage, by IS9 0 and PCR technics, we found that all of these positive samples from Mycobacterium avium subsp Para tuberculosis. This research was done with cooperation of Razi Research Institute and Isfahan Veterinary Organisation.

Infectious bronchitis vaccine (IBV) is a live attenuated viral vaccine which is sensitive to the environmental changes. Inorder to maintain their potency and efficacy, stabilizer agents are usually added to the lyophilized vaccines during preparation process, stabilizing the vaccine throughout the manufacturing, storage, and administration. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of four different stabilizers on IBV. Four different stabilizers including lactalbomin–lactose (LL), lactalbumin–sucrose (LS), lactose–peptone (LP) and gelatin–sorbitol (GS) were used to prepare lyophilized vaccines. The vaccine was titrated before and after lyophilization. To determine accelerated stability (based on OIE instruction), the vaccines were titrated after 7 days incubation in 37oC. Residual moisture of lyophilized vaccines was measured by Karl-Fisher method. Furthermore, the stability of the vaccines in 4oC was measured over 36 months at three months intervals. All experiments were repeated for three batches of the vaccine. The results showed that acceptable titer of the vaccine was observed with four stabilizers. Residual moisture found to be in appropriate limit, ranged from 1.42-2.72%. Following seven days incubation in 37oC, titer reduction of the vaccine with lactose-lactalbomin was the lowest. The results showed that in the end of this period, the vaccine with LL has the highest titer. In conclusion, it seems that lactose-lactalbomin stabilizer provided good protection to IBV under lyophilization condition and maintenance of the vaccine for long time in 4oC.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Marigold Oil Extract (MOE) on blood parameters, immunesystem and livers of broiler chickens in a 42-day period. A total of 200 Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated to five dietary treatments with four replicates of 10 birds each. The experimental treatments included a negative control group (basal diet without using any MOE and carbon tetrachloride, CCl4), a positive control group} CCl4 (1 mg/kg BW) and basal diet without using any MOE {and three levels of MOE at 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg BW together with CCl4 and basal diet. Levels of blood parameters (SGOTو SGPT) increased, and MOE was able to reduce the negative effects of this toxic substance. When the broilers were 33 and 42 days old, the liver weights in treatments receiving various concentrations of MOE besides CCl4 were significantly lower than those in the treatment receiving CCl4. As for the indices related to immune system, the IgG level in the treatment receiving 300 mg/Kg of MOE in addition to CCl4 was significantly highercompard to the negative control and level of 150 mg/Kg of MOE. Examination of histopathological changes in the liver tissues revealed that the positive control group suffered the maximum tissue damage in the central vein, hepatocytes, sinusoids, and the triad port (the hepatic artery, the portal vein, and the bile ducts), while the negative control group exhibited the minimum tissue damage. However, treatments receiving MOE together with CCl4 showed greater recovery in the tissues compared to the positive control group. In conclusion, These results indicated the protective effects of MOE on the liver. These effects are probably due to the ability of the flavonoids found in this plant to suppress the bioactivation of CCl4 and, hence, to suppress the activity of Cyt P450, and due to the neutralization of free radicals by the flavonoids.

Aim: The aim of this research is to study the scientific production of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) researchers indexed in Web of Science (WOS) from 1999 to 2011.Methodology: Survey and scientometic analysis methods are used to conduct the research.2459 scientific research reports which are published by AREEO scientists in WOS database are examined.Findings: Findings show that the highest number of AREEO scientific production, 7.4%, was produced by the researchers of Faculty of Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII). Most of the AREEO Papers, 3 %, has been published in ACTA HORTICULTURAE journal. Miss Sefidkon by 100 scientific productions is the most active researcher and Mr. Salekdeh with 1338 citations to his scientific productions gained the highest citation researcher rank in AREEO. Among the local educational and research institutions, University of Tehran, with 384 co authorship articles, 14.8 %, has had the most cooperation in scientific production with AREEO. AREEO researchers with 200 coauthor ship articles had the most cooperation with American researchers as foreign coworkers. Most of the papers have been written in English. During the years 1999 to 2011, the number of AREEO researchers' papers published in ISI increased considerably. The highest number of researchers' papers was published in 2011. The most frequently cited article, with 211 citations in WOS, was published in 2002.

The aim of the present study was to immunohistochemical localization of Cytochrome P450 Aromatase in male goat reproduction system. Aromatase is a terminal enzyme which transforms androgens in to estrogens. This study investigated the immunohistochemical localization of aromatase in native male goat testis, efferent ductules of epididymis, vesicle seminal and prostate glands using polyclonal anti aromatase antibody as primary antibody and anti-mouseIgG (HRP) Polyclonal antibody as secondary antibody. Samples of testis and accessory glands collected from five native male goat (2-4 years old), and for IHC test were kept in Bowen solution. Then paraffin block and histological section for IHC test were prepared. Immunoreactions was observed in stages of spermatogenesis, Leydig cells, efferent ductules of epididymis, cytoplasm of vesicle seminal and prostate glands cells. The results show that aromatase in testicular cells and sexual glands converts androgens to estrogens and may be locally estrogens have a paracrine and autocrine activates in reproductive tract.

Different fish species tolerate starvation periods using distinct strategies of activating adaptive biochemical and physiological mechanisms that enable them to cope with the adverse condition. The present study was investigated the effect of starvation on liver biochemical and non-specific immune parameters in grunters (Terapon jarbua) fingerlings. In this study, 180 larvae of Terapon jarbua studied with mean length 4.46±0.21 cm and weight 1.98±0.30 g that included fed and starved groups each with three replicates (30 fish per replicate) in a 60 liter plastic tanks. Biochemical composition of liver and fish were performed at 0 and once a week until week of food deprivation. The results showed that triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in starved group than in fed group from week 2 onwards (p<0.05). In starved group, total protein and glycogen concentrations significantly decreased from week 1 onwards (p<0.05). Moreover, lysozyme concentrations were significantly higher in starved group from 3 week onwards (p<0.05). The present results indicate that grunters can tolerant 1 month starvation period and use lipid and glycogen as energy sources during starvation.